7 Network Working Group D. Lawrence
8 Request for Comments: 3425 Nominum
9 Updates: 1035 November 2002
10 Category: Standards Track
17 This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
18 Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
19 improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
20 Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
21 and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
25 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved.
29 The IQUERY method of performing inverse DNS lookups, specified in RFC
30 1035, has not been generally implemented and has usually been
31 operationally disabled where it has been implemented. Both reflect a
32 general view in the community that the concept was unwise and that
33 the widely-used alternate approach of using pointer (PTR) queries and
34 reverse-mapping records is preferable. Consequently, this document
35 deprecates the IQUERY operation, declaring it entirely obsolete.
36 This document updates RFC 1035.
40 As specified in RFC 1035 (section 6.4), the IQUERY operation for DNS
41 queries is used to look up the name(s) which are associated with the
42 given value. The value being sought is provided in the query's
43 answer section and the response fills in the question section with
44 one or more 3-tuples of type, name and class.
46 As noted in [RFC1035], section 6.4.3, inverse query processing can
47 put quite an arduous burden on a server. A server would need to
48 perform either an exhaustive search of its database or maintain a
49 separate database that is keyed by the values of the primary
50 database. Both of these approaches could strain system resource use,
51 particularly for servers that are authoritative for millions of
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60 RFC 3425 Obsoleting IQUERY November 2002
63 Response packets from these megaservers could be exceptionally large,
64 and easily run into megabyte sizes. For example, using IQUERY to
65 find every domain that is delegated to one of the nameservers of a
66 large ISP could return tens of thousands of 3-tuples in the question
67 section. This could easily be used to launch denial of service
70 Operators of servers that do support IQUERY in some form (such as
71 very old BIND 4 servers) generally opt to disable it. This is
72 largely due to bugs in insufficiently-exercised code, or concerns
73 about exposure of large blocks of names in their zones by probes such
74 as inverse MX queries.
76 IQUERY is also somewhat inherently crippled by being unable to tell a
77 requester where it needs to go to get the information that was
78 requested. The answer is very specific to the single server that was
79 queried. This is sometimes a handy diagnostic tool, but apparently
80 not enough so that server operators like to enable it, or request
81 implementation where it is lacking.
83 No known clients use IQUERY to provide any meaningful service. The
84 only common reverse mapping support on the Internet, mapping address
85 records to names, is provided through the use of pointer (PTR)
86 records in the in-addr.arpa tree and has served the community well
89 Based on all of these factors, this document recommends that the
90 IQUERY operation for DNS servers be officially obsoleted.
94 The key word "SHOULD" in this document is to be interpreted as
95 described in BCP 14, RFC 2119, namely that there may exist valid
96 reasons to ignore a particular item, but the full implications must
97 be understood and carefully weighed before choosing a different
100 3 - Effect on RFC 1035
102 The effect of this document is to change the definition of opcode 1
103 from that originally defined in section 4.1.1 of RFC 1035, and to
104 entirely supersede section 6.4 (including subsections) of RFC 1035.
106 The definition of opcode 1 is hereby changed to:
108 "1 an inverse query (IQUERY) (obsolete)"
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116 RFC 3425 Obsoleting IQUERY November 2002
119 The text in section 6.4 of RFC 1035 is now considered obsolete. The
120 following is an applicability statement regarding the IQUERY opcode:
122 Inverse queries using the IQUERY opcode were originally described as
123 the ability to look up the names that are associated with a
124 particular Resource Record (RR). Their implementation was optional
125 and never achieved widespread use. Therefore IQUERY is now obsolete,
126 and name servers SHOULD return a "Not Implemented" error when an
127 IQUERY request is received.
129 4 - Security Considerations
131 Since this document obsoletes an operation that was once available,
132 it is conceivable that someone was using it as the basis of a
133 security policy. However, since the most logical course for such a
134 policy to take in the face of a lack of positive response from a
135 server is to deny authentication/authorization, it is highly unlikely
136 that removing support for IQUERY will open any new security holes.
138 Note that if IQUERY is not obsoleted, securing the responses with DNS
139 Security (DNSSEC) is extremely difficult without out-on-the-fly
142 5 - IANA Considerations
144 The IQUERY opcode of 1 should be permanently retired, not to be
145 assigned to any future opcode.
149 Olafur Gudmundsson instigated this action. Matt Crawford, John
150 Klensin, Erik Nordmark and Keith Moore contributed some improved
151 wording in how to handle obsoleting functionality described by an
156 [RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Implementation and
157 Specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
159 [RFC2026] Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision
160 3", BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.
162 [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key Words for Use in RFCs to Indicate
163 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
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172 RFC 3425 Obsoleting IQUERY November 2002
180 Redwood City CA 94063
183 Phone: +1.650.779.6042
184 EMail: tale@nominum.com
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228 RFC 3425 Obsoleting IQUERY November 2002
231 9 - Full Copyright Statement
233 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved.
235 This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
236 others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
237 or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
238 and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
239 kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
240 included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
241 document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
242 the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
243 Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
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246 followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
249 The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
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252 This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
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261 Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
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