1 .\" $Vendor-Id: manuals.7,v 1.19 2009/07/27 19:43:02 kristaps Exp $
3 .\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@kth.se>
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22 .Nm Writing UNIX Documentation
23 .Nd a guide to writing UNIX manuals
26 .Em A utility without good documentation is of no utility at all .
29 A system component's documentation describes the utility of that
30 component, whether it's a device driver, an executable or, most
33 This document serves as a tutorial to writing
39 First, copy over the manual template from
40 .Pa /usr/share/misc/mdoc.template
41 into your source directory.
43 .Dl % cp /usr/share/misc/mdoc.template \.
46 start afresh or by copying another manual unless you know exactly what
47 you're doing! If the template doesn't exist, bug your administrator.
50 Find an appropriate section for your manual. There may exist multiple
51 manual names per section, so be specific:
54 .Bl -tag -width "XXXXXXXXXXXX" -offset indent -compact
62 programming libraries (C, Perl, Fortran)
64 file and wire protocol formats
68 tutorials, documents and papers
70 administrator utilities
75 If your manual falls into multiple categories, choose the most
76 widely-used or, better, re-consider the topic of your manual to be more
77 specific. You can list all manuals per section by invoking
83 to see the specific section manual (section 1, in this example):
85 .Bd -literal -offset indent
87 myname (1) - utility description
88 myname (3) - library description
93 Name your component. Be terse, erring on the side of clarity. Look for
94 other manuals by that same name before committing:
98 Manual files are named
99 .Pa myname.mysection ,
102 for this document. Rename the template file:
104 .Dl % mv mdoc.template myname.mysection
106 .Ss Development Tools
107 While writing, make sure that your manual is correctly structured:
109 .Dl % mandoc \-Tlint \-Wall \-fstrict name.1
111 The quick-fix feature of
113 is useful for checking over many manuals:
114 .Bd -literal -offset indent
115 % mandoc \-Wall \-fstrict \-Tlint \-fign-errors \e
116 ./path/to/manuals/* 2>&1 > /tmp/mandoc.errs
117 % vim -q /tmp/mandoc.errs
120 You may spell-check your work as follows:
122 .Dl % deroff name.1 | spell
126 is installed, it has a special mode for manuals:
128 .Dl % ispell \-n name.1
134 to version-control your work. If you wish the last check-in to effect
135 your document's date, use the following RCS tag for the date macro:
140 mdoc documents may be paged to your terminal with
142 If you plan on distributing your work to systems without this tool,
145 .Bd -literal -offset indent
146 % mandoc \-Wall name.1 2>&1 | less
147 % groff -mandoc name.1 2>&1 | less
151 Consider adding your mdoc documents to
153 Makefiles in order to automatically check your input:
154 .Bd -literal -offset indent
158 mandoc -Wall,error -Tlint $<
163 Your manual must have a license. It should be listed at the start of
164 your document, just as in source code.
174 Open the template you've copied into
181 Use clear, concise language. Favour simplicity.
183 Write your manual in non-idiomatic English. Don't worry about
184 Commonwealth or American spellings \(em just correct ones.
186 Spell-check your manual, keeping in mind short-letter terms (
191 If you absolutely must use special characters (diacritics, mathematical
192 symbols and so on), use the escapes dictated in
197 The structure of the mdoc language makes it very hard to have any
198 particular format style. Keep your lines under 72 characters in length.
199 If you must have long option lines, use
201 The same goes for function prototypes.
205 Find another way to structure your line.
208 Other components may be referenced with the
212 macros. Make sure that these exist. If you intend to distribute your
215 references are valid across systems (within reason). If you cross-link with
217 make sure that the section reference exists.
220 Cite your work. If your system references standards documents or other
221 publications, please use the
226 .Em Don't style your manual .
227 Give it meaningful content. The front-end will worry about formatting
231 As your component changes and bugs are fixed, your manual may become out
232 of date. You may be tempted to use tools like Doxygen to automate the
233 development of your manuals. Don't.
235 .Em Manuals are part of a system component :
236 if you modify your code or specifications, modify the documentation.