1 Additional description for the shell version of `groffer'
6 The shell version of `groffer' contains two files, `groffer.sh' and
9 `groffer.sh' is a short introductory script without any functions. I
10 can be run with a very poor Bourne shell. It just contains some basic
11 variables, the reading of the configuration files, and the
12 determination of the shell for `groffer2.sh'. This script is
13 transformed by `make' into `groffer' which will be installed into
14 @bindir@, which is usually /usr/local/bin.
16 `groffer2.sh' is a long main script with all functions; it is called
17 by `groffer.sh' (`groffer' after installation). It is installed
18 unchanged into @libdir@/groff/groffer, which is usually
19 /usr/local/lib/groff/groffer. This script can be called with a
20 different shell, using the `groffer' option `--shell'.
25 The `groffer' script provides its own option parser. It is compatible
26 to the usual GNU style command line This includes long option names
27 with two signs such as `--option', clusters of short options, the
28 mixing of options and non-option file names, the option `--' to close
29 the option handling, and it is possible to abbreviate the long option
32 The flexible mixing of options and file names in GNU style is always
33 possible, even if the environment variable `$POSIXLY_CORRECT' is set
34 to a non-empty value. This disables the rather wicked POSIX behavior
35 to terminate option parsing when the first non-option command line
41 Error handling and exit behavior is complicated by the fact that
42 `exit' can only escape from the current shell; trouble occurs in
43 subshells. This was solved by sending kill signals, see $_PROCESS_ID
47 Function Definitions in `groffer2.sh'
49 Each funtion in groffer2.sh has a description that starts with the
50 function name and symbols for its arguments in paranthesis `()'. Each
51 `<>' construction gives an argument name that just gives a hint on
52 what the argument is meant to be; these argument names are otherwise
53 irrelevant. The `>' sign can be followed by another character that
54 shows how many of these arguments are possible.
56 <arg> exactly 1 of this argument
57 <arg>? 0 or 1 of these arguments
58 <arg>* arbitrarily many such arguments, incl. none
59 <arg>+ one or more such arguments
60 <arg>... one or more such arguments
61 [...] optional arguments
63 A function that starts with an underscore `_' is an internal function
64 for some other function. The internal functions are defined just
65 after their corresponding function.
68 External Environment Variables
70 The groffer.sh script uses the following external system variables.
71 It is supposed that these variables are already exported outside of
72 groffer.sh; otherwise they do not have a value within the script.
74 external system environment variables that are explicitly used
75 $DISPLAY: Presets the X display.
76 $LANG: For language specific man pages.
77 $LC_ALL: For language specific man pages.
78 $LC_MESSAGES: For language specific man pages.
79 $PAGER: Paging program for tty mode.
80 $PATH: Path for the programs called (`:' separated list).
82 groffer native environment variables
83 $GROFFER_OPT preset options for groffer.
85 all groff environment variables are used, see groff(1)
86 $GROFF_BIN_PATH: Path for all groff programs.
87 $GROFF_COMMAND_PREFIX: '' (normally) or 'g' (several troffs).
88 $GROFF_FONT_PATH: Path to non-default groff fonts.
89 $GROFF_TMAC_PATH: Path to non-default groff macro files.
90 $GROFF_TMPDIR: Directory for groff temporary files.
91 $GROFF_TYPESETTER: Preset default device.
93 all GNU man environment variables are used, see man(1).
94 $MANOPT: Preset options for man pages.
95 $MANPATH: Search path for man pages (: list).
96 $MANROFFSEQ: Ignored because of grog guessing.
97 $MANSECT: Search man pages only in sections (:).
98 $SYSTEM: Man pages for different OS's (, list).
101 Object-oriented Functions
103 The groffer script provides an object-oriented construction (OOP). In
104 object-oriented terminology, a type of object is called a `class'; a
105 function that handles objects from a class is named `method'.
107 In the groffer script, the object is a variable name whose content is
108 the object's data. Methods are functions that have an object as first
111 The basic functions for object handling are obj_*().
113 The class `list' represents an array structure, see list_*().
118 The `groffer' shell scripts are compatible to both the GNU and the
119 POSIX shell and utilities. Care was taken to restrict the programming
120 technics used here in order to achieve POSIX compatibility as far back
121 as POSIX P1003.2 Draft 11.2 of September 1991. This draft is
122 available at http://www.funet.fi/pub/doc/posix/p1003.2/d11.2 in the
125 The POSIX draft does not include `local' variables for functions. So
126 this concept was replaced by global variables with a prefix that
127 differs for each function. The prefix is chosen from the function
128 name. These quasi-local variables are unset before each return of the
131 The `groffer' scripts were tested under the shells `ash', `bash',
132 `bash-minimal', `dash', 'ksh', `mksh', `pdksh', 'posh', and `zsh'
133 without problems in Linux Debian. A shell can be tested by the
134 `groffer' option `--shell', but that will run only with groffer2.sh.
135 To start it directly from the beginning under this shell the following
138 <shell-name> groffer.sh --shell=<shell-name> <argument>...
141 Some shells are not fully POSIX compatible. For them the following
142 restrictions were done. For more information look at the
143 documentation `Portable shells' in the `info' page of `autoconf'
144 (look-up in Emacs-Help-Manuals_Info).
146 - The command parts `then', `else', and `do' must be written each on a
149 - Replace `for i in "$@"' by `for i' and remove internal `;' (kah).
151 - Replace `set -- ...' by `set x ...; shift'. After the first
152 non-option argument, all arguments including those starting with `-'
153 are accepted as non-option. For variables or `$()' constructs with
154 line-breaks, use `eval set' without quotes. That transforms a
155 line-break within a variable to a space.
157 - The name of the variable in `for' is chosen as a single character
158 (old ash). The content of such variables is not safe because it can
159 also occur in other functions. So it is often stored in an
160 additional quasi-local variable.
162 - `echo' is not portable on options; some `echo' commands have many
163 options, others have none. So `echo -n' cannot be used, such that
164 the output of each function has complete lines. There are two
165 methods to avoid having `-' as the first character of any argument.
166 Either a character such as `x' can be prepended to the argument;
167 this must later on be removed by `sed'. Otherwise, `echo' can be
168 replaced by `cat <<EOF'.
170 - `ls' has problems. Old UNIX systems echoed the error message to
171 standard output. So handle the output with `sed'. If the output
172 contains `not found' map it to an empty string.
174 - As `test -e' is not available in Solaris 2.5 replace it by
175 `test -f || test -d'.
177 - As `unset' is not supported by all shells replace it by `eval
178 ${_UNSET}' where this variable is `unset' if it exists and `:'
181 - Some shells have problems with options in `eval'. So quoting must
182 be done right to hide the options from `eval'.
184 - In backquote calls `` avoid the backquote ` in comments.
186 - Replace `true' by `:', `false' isn't used.
188 - Do not redefine builtins as functions (ash).
190 - Avoid `[^...]' in `case' patterns (ash).
192 - `trap' does not allow error code 127.
194 The scripts call the following commands with all options used:
225 test -c -d -f -r -s -w -x
233 If the `groffer' run is interrupted by Crtl-C the clean up is not done
234 by all shells. The `trap' commands work for the shells `bash',
235 `bash-minimal', and 'ksh'; they do not work for `ash', `dash',
236 `pdksh', `posh', and `zsh'.
241 Last update: 19 August 2005
243 Copyright (C) 2003,2004,2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
244 Written by Bernd Warken
246 This file is part of `groffer', which is part of `groff'.
248 `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
249 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
250 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
253 `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
254 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
255 or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
256 License for more details.
258 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
259 along with `groff'; see the files COPYING and LICENSE in the top
260 directory of the `groff' source. If not, write to the Free Software
261 Foundation, 51 Franklin St - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
264 ####### Emacs settings