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30 .\" @(#)getopt.3 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/27/95
32 .Dd September 10, 2003
37 .Nd get option character from command line argument list
42 .Vt extern char *optarg;
43 .Vt extern int optind;
44 .Vt extern int optopt;
45 .Vt extern int opterr;
46 .Vt extern int optreset;
48 .Fn getopt "int argc" "char * const argv[]" "const char *optstring"
52 function incrementally parses a command line argument list
57 An option character is
59 if it has been specified in the string of accepted option characters,
64 may contain the following elements: individual characters, and
65 characters followed by a colon to indicate an option argument
67 For example, an option string
73 recognizes an option and argument
74 .Dq Fl x Ar argument .
77 if a following argument has leading whitespace.
82 points to an option argument, if it is anticipated,
85 contains the index to the next
87 argument for a subsequent call
94 option character returned by
101 are both initialized to 1.
104 variable may be set to another value before a set of calls to
106 in order to skip over more or less argv entries.
110 to evaluate multiple sets of arguments, or to evaluate a single set of
111 arguments multiple times,
114 must be set to 1 before the second and each additional set of calls to
118 must be reinitialized.
122 function returns \-1 when the argument list is exhausted.
123 The interpretation of options in the argument list may be cancelled
126 (double dash) which causes
128 to signal the end of argument processing and return \-1.
129 When all options have been processed (i.e., up to the first non-option
136 function returns the next known option character in
140 encounters a character not found in
142 or if it detects a missing option argument,
150 then a missing option argument causes
152 to be returned instead of
154 In either case, the variable
156 is set to the character that caused the error.
159 function returns \-1 when the argument list is exhausted.
161 .Bd -literal -compact
167 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "bf:")) != -1) {
173 if ((fd = open(optarg, O_RDONLY, 0)) \*[Lt] 0) {
174 (void)fprintf(stderr,
175 "myname: %s: %s\en", optarg, strerror(errno));
190 function encounters a character not found in the string
193 a missing option argument it writes an error message to
199 to a zero will disable these error messages.
204 then a missing option argument causes a
206 to be returned in addition to suppressing any error messages.
208 Option arguments are allowed to begin with
210 this is reasonable but reduces the amount of error checking possible.
218 variable was added to make it possible to call the
220 function multiple times.
221 This is an extension to the
232 function was once specified to return
244 may be specified as a character in
248 have an argument associated with it.
251 to be used with programs that expect
254 This practice is wrong, and should not be used in any current development.
255 It is provided for backward compatibility
257 Care should be taken not to use
259 as the first character in
261 to avoid a semantic conflict with
264 which assigns different meaning to an
268 By default, a single dash causes
272 It is also possible to handle digits as option letters.
275 to be used with programs that expect a number
278 This practice is wrong, and should not be used in any current development.
279 It is provided for backward compatibility
281 The following code fragment works in most cases.
282 .Bd -literal -offset indent
287 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "0123456789")) != -1) {
289 case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
290 case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
291 p = argv[optind - 1];
292 if (p[0] == '-' \*[Am]\*[Am] p[1] == ch \*[Am]\*[Am] !p[2])
295 length = strtol(argv[optind] + 1, NULL, 10);