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28 .\" from: @(#)regexp.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
29 .\" $NetBSD: regexp.3,v 1.15 2003/08/07 16:44:17 agc Exp $
39 .Nd obsolete "'regexp'" regular expression handlers
45 .Fn regcomp "const char *exp"
47 .Fn regexec "const regexp *prog" "const char *string"
49 .Fn regsub "const regexp *prog" "const char *source" "char *dest"
51 .Fn regerror "const char *msg"
54 This interface is made obsolete by
56 It is available from the compatibility library, libcompat.
67 regular expressions and supporting facilities.
72 compiles a regular expression into a structure of type
74 and returns a pointer to it.
75 The space has been allocated using
77 and may be released by
84 .Dv NUL Ns -terminated
86 against the compiled regular expression
89 It returns 1 for success and 0 for failure, and adjusts the contents of
94 (see below) accordingly.
98 structure include at least the following (not necessarily in order):
99 .Bd -literal -offset indent
100 char *startp[NSUBEXP];
106 is defined (as 10) in the header file.
109 has been done using the
112 .Em startp Ns - Em endp
113 pair describes one substring
118 pointing to the first character of the substring and
121 pointing to the first character following the substring.
122 The 0th substring is the substring of
124 that matched the whole
126 The others are those substrings that matched parenthesized expressions
127 within the regular expression, with parenthesized expressions numbered
128 in left-to-right order of their opening parentheses.
137 making substitutions according to the
142 Each instance of `\*[Am]' in
144 is replaced by the substring
153 is a digit, is replaced by
154 the substring indicated by
155 .Em startp Ns Bq Em n
157 .Em endp Ns Bq Em n .
158 To get a literal `\*[Am]' or
163 to get a literal `\e' preceding `\*[Am]' or
171 is called whenever an error is detected in
180 with a suitable indicator of origin,
188 can be replaced by the user if other actions are desirable.
189 .Sh REGULAR EXPRESSION SYNTAX
190 A regular expression is zero or more
193 It matches anything that matches one of the branches.
195 A branch is zero or more
198 It matches a match for the first, followed by a match for the second, etc.
202 possibly followed by `*', `+', or `?'.
203 An atom followed by `*' matches a sequence of 0 or more matches of the atom.
204 An atom followed by `+' matches a sequence of 1 or more matches of the atom.
205 An atom followed by `?' matches a match of the atom, or the null string.
207 An atom is a regular expression in parentheses (matching a match for the
208 regular expression), a
211 (matching any single character), `^' (matching the null string at the
212 beginning of the input string), `$' (matching the null string at the
213 end of the input string), a `\e' followed by a single character (matching
214 that character), or a single character with no other significance
215 (matching that character).
219 is a sequence of characters enclosed in `[]'.
220 It normally matches any single character from the sequence.
221 If the sequence begins with `^',
222 it matches any single character
224 from the rest of the sequence.
225 If two characters in the sequence are separated by `\-', this is shorthand
228 characters between them
229 (e.g. `[0-9]' matches any decimal digit).
230 To include a literal `]' in the sequence, make it the first character
231 (following a possible `^').
232 To include a literal `\-', make it the first or last character.
234 If a regular expression could match two different parts of the input string,
235 it will match the one which begins earliest.
236 If both begin in the same place but match different lengths, or match
237 the same length in different ways, life gets messier, as follows.
239 In general, the possibilities in a list of branches are considered in
240 left-to-right order, the possibilities for `*', `+', and `?' are
241 considered longest-first, nested constructs are considered from the
242 outermost in, and concatenated constructs are considered leftmost-first.
243 The match that will be chosen is the one that uses the earliest
244 possibility in the first choice that has to be made.
245 If there is more than one choice, the next will be made in the same manner
246 (earliest possibility) subject to the decision on the first choice.
252 `abc' in one of two ways.
253 The first choice is between `ab' and `a'; since `ab' is earlier, and does
254 lead to a successful overall match, it is chosen.
255 Since the `b' is already spoken for,
256 the `b*' must match its last possibility\(emthe empty string\(emsince
257 it must respect the earlier choice.
259 In the particular case where no `|'s are present and there is only one
260 `*', `+', or `?', the net effect is that the longest possible
261 match will be chosen.
264 presented with `xabbbby', will match `abbbb'.
267 is tried against `xabyabbbz', it
268 will match `ab' just after `x', due to the begins-earliest rule.
269 (In effect, the decision on where to start the match is the first choice
270 to be made, hence subsequent choices must respect it even if this leads them
271 to less-preferred alternatives.)
281 where failures are syntax errors, exceeding implementation limits,
282 or applying `+' or `*' to a possibly-null operand.
292 Both code and manual page for
298 were written at the University of Toronto
301 They are intended to be compatible with the Bell V8
303 but are not derived from Bell code.
305 Empty branches and empty regular expressions are not portable to V8.
307 The restriction against
308 applying `*' or `+' to a possibly-null operand is an artifact of the
309 simplistic implementation.
313 newline-separated branches;
319 compactness and simplicity,
320 it's not strikingly fast.
321 It does give special attention to handling simple cases quickly.