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30 .\" @(#)dir.5 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
42 Directories provide a convenient hierarchical method of grouping
43 files while obscuring the underlying details of the storage medium.
44 A directory file is differentiated from a plain file
48 It consists of records (directory entries) each of which contains
49 information about a file and a pointer to the file itself.
50 Directory entries may contain other directories
51 as well as plain files; such nested directories are referred to as
53 A hierarchy of directories and files is formed in this manner
54 and is called a file system (or referred to as a file system tree).
55 .\" An entry in this tree,
56 .\" nested or not nested,
59 Each directory file contains two special directory entries; one is a pointer
60 to the directory itself
63 and the other a pointer to its parent directory called dot-dot
66 are valid pathnames, however,
67 the system root directory
69 has no parent and dot-dot points to itself like dot.
71 File system nodes are ordinary directory files on which has
72 been grafted a file system object, such as a physical disk or a
73 partitioned area of such a disk.
77 The directory entry format is defined in the file
81 * A directory entry has a struct dirent at the front of it, containing
82 * its inode number, the length of the entry, and the length of the name
83 * contained in the entry. These are followed by the name padded to an
84 * 8 byte boundary with null bytes. All names are guaranteed null
85 * terminated. The maximum length of a name in a directory is MAXNAMLEN.
89 ino_t d_fileno; /* file number of entry */
90 uint16_t d_reclen; /* length of this record */
91 uint16_t d_namlen; /* length of string in d_name */
92 uint8_t d_type; /* file type, see below */
94 char d_name[MAXNAMLEN + 1]; /* name must be no longer than this */
116 dir structure appeared in
120 structure appeared in