2 .\" $Id: pam.man,v 1.1.1.3 2008/01/27 00:54:58 christos Exp $
5 The Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) library abstracts a number
6 of common authentication-related operations and provides a framework
7 for dynamically loaded modules that implement these operations in
10 In PAM parlance, the application that uses PAM to authenticate a user
11 is the server, and is identified for configuration purposes by a
12 service name, which is often (but not necessarily) the program name.
14 The user requesting authentication is called the applicant, while the
15 user (usually, root) charged with verifying his identity and granting
16 him the requested credentials is called the arbitrator.
18 The sequence of operations the server goes through to authenticate a
19 user and perform whatever task he requested is a PAM transaction; the
20 context within which the server performs the requested task is called
23 The functionality embodied by PAM is divided into six primitives
24 grouped into four facilities: authentication, account management,
25 session management and password management.
27 The PAM library expects the application to provide a conversation
28 callback which it can use to communicate with the user.
29 Some modules may use specialized conversation functions to communicate
30 with special hardware such as cryptographic dongles or biometric
35 .Ss Initialization and Cleanup
38 function initializes the PAM library and returns a handle which must
39 be provided in all subsequent function calls.
40 The transaction state is contained entirely within the structure
41 identified by this handle, so it is possible to conduct multiple
42 transactions in parallel.
46 function releases all resources associated with the specified context,
47 and can be called at any time to terminate a PAM transaction.
53 functions set and retrieve a number of predefined items, including the
54 service name, the names of the requesting and target users, the
55 conversation function, and prompts.
61 functions manage named chunks of free-form data, generally used by
62 modules to store state from one invocation to another.
64 There are two authentication primitives:
68 The former authenticates the user, while the latter manages his
70 .Ss Account Management
73 function enforces policies such as password expiry, account expiry,
74 time-of-day restrictions, and so forth.
75 .Ss Session Management
80 functions handle session setup and teardown.
81 .Ss Password Management
84 function allows the server to change the user's password, either at
85 the user's request or because the password has expired.
92 functions manage a private environment list in which modules can set
93 environment variables they want the server to export during the
98 function returns a pointer to a string describing the specified PAM