| blob | 353ecc9ec78a96bd7abc215a93e9e2bbe34df109 |
1 .\"$NetBSD: hardware,v 1.46 2008/09/06 21:02:34 tsutsui Exp $
2 .
3 Currently,
4 .Nx*M
5 requires the use of
6 .Tn "Open Firmware"
7 to boot.
8 Open Firmware is a command environment using the FORTH language. The
9 .Nx
10 kernel uses Open Firmware to gather information about your system and to
11 control some of your devices. It is part of the boot ROMs in most
12 .Tn PowerPC Ns No -based
13 .Tn Macintosh
14 systems.
15 Until late 1996,
16 .Tn Apple
17 never intended to use Open Firmware for anything other than internal debugging and hardware support.
18 It was not intended to be used to boot an operating system.
19 This is why earlier machines have so much trouble with Open Firmware.
20 This also means that PowerMacs and clones that lack Open Firmware cannot boot
21 .Nx
22 on the \*M platform.
23 Most machines introduced by Apple and the clone-makers
24 after August 17, 1995 have Open Firmware and are supported.
25 .Pp
26 Apple made several revisions of this Open Firmware environment, and each has
27 various quirks and problems that we must work around.
28 The single hardest step of installing
29 .Nx*M
30 is to set up Open Firmware properly.
31 Open Firmware versions 1.0.5 and 2.0.x act similarly
32 and the same set of instructions applies to them.
33 Open Firmware version 2.4 is slightly different with regards to booting.
34 Open Firmware version 3 is altogether different, but easier to set up for
35 .Nx .
36 .Pp
37 At present,
38 .Nx*M
39 does not support the PPC 601 microprocessor, which means that the
40 PowerMacintosh 7200 and 7500 models are not supported.
41 The PowerMacintosh 7500 may be upgraded to a PPC 604, G3
42 or G4 microprocessor via a daughtercard replacement, in which case
43 .Nx
44 will run on this system.
45 .Pp
46 The minimal configuration requires 16 MB of RAM and 100 MB of disk space.
47 To install the entire system requires considerably more, plus space for the
48 swap partition (usually the RAM size, unless you've got a lot of RAM).
49 To use X, 32MB of RAM is required.
50 .Nx
51 with 16 MB of RAM is very slow. Until you have around 32 MB of RAM,
52 getting more RAM is more important than getting a faster CPU.
53 .
54 .Ss2 Supported models
55 Find your model from the list below and take note of its Open Firmware
56 version:
57 .(tag 8n
58 .It Em "Open Firmware 1.0.5"
59 .Pp
60 .(bullet -compact
61 Apple PowerMacintosh (7300, 7500 (with CPU upgrade), 7600, 8500, 8600, 9500,
62 and 9600)
63 .It
64 Apple Workgroup Server 8550
65 .It
66 Power Computing (PowerCenter, PowerCenter Pro, PowerCurve,
67 PowerTower, PowerTower Pro, and PowerWave)
68 .It
69 UMAX (J700, S900)
70 .bullet)
71 .It Em "Open Firmware 1.1.22"
72 .Pp
73 .(bullet -compact
74 Apple Network Server (500 and 700)
75 .(Note
76 Users have reported that the
77 .Nx
78 kernel does not work well with the on-board MACE-based ethernet (the one
79 that requires an Apple AAUI dongle).
80 If your system does not have the Apple PCI Ethernet Card, you may need to
81 purchase and install another ethernet card in your Apple Network Server.
82 .Note)
83 .bullet)
84 .It Em "Open Firmware 2.0.x"
85 .Pp
86 .(bullet -compact
87 Apple PowerBook (2400, 3400, G3, and G3 Series)
88 .It
89 Apple PowerMacintosh/Performa (4400, 54xx, 5500, 6300/160, 6360, 6400, and
90 6500)
91 .It
92 Apple PowerMacintosh (G3
93 .Dq Beige
94 models with ATI RageII+: Desktop, Mini Tower, and All-in-One)
95 .It
96 APS Tech (M*Power 604e/200)
97 .It
98 Motorola StarMax (3000, 4000, 5000, and 5500)
99 .It
100 Power Computing (PowerBase)
101 .It
102 UMAX (Apus 2000, Apus 3000, C500, and C600)
103 .bullet)
104 .It Em "Open Firmware 2.4"
105 .Pp
106 .(bullet -compact
107 Apple PowerMacintosh (G3
108 .Dq Beige
109 models with ATI Rage Pro: Desktop, Mini Tower, and All-in-One)
110 .bullet)
111 .It Em "Open Firmware 3"
112 .Pp
113 .(bullet -compact
114 Apple original iBook, iBook SE, iBook (Dual USB), iBook (Late 2001),
115 iBook (16VRAM), iBook (Opaque 16 VRAM), iBook (32 VRAM),
116 iBook (14.1 LCD 32 VRAM), and iBook G4
117 .It
118 Apple iMac; Bondi Blue (Rev A and Rev B, 233 MHz),
119 5 Flavors (Rev C and Rev D, 266 MHz and 333 MHz), iMac (Slot Loading),
120 iMac (Summer 2000), iMac (Early 2001), iMac (Summer 2001), and iMac (USB 2.0)
121 .It
122 Apple original eMac and eMac (ATI Graphics)
123 .It
124 Apple PowerBook (G3 Series (bronze keyboard) and G3 (FireWire))
125 .It
126 Apple PowerBook (G4 (Titanium), G4 (Gigabit Ethernet), G4 (DVI),
127 G4 (12-inch), G4 (17-inch), G4 (12-inch DVI), PowerBook G4
128 (15-inch FW 800), PowerBook G4 (17-inch 1.33GHz/1.5GHz))
129 .It
130 Apple PowerMacintosh G3 (Blue and White)
131 .It
132 Apple PowerMacintosh (G4 (PCI), G4 (AGP), G4 (Gigabit Ethernet), G4
133 (Digital Audio), G4 (Quicksilver), G4 (Quicksilver 2002),
134 G4 (Mirrored Drive Doors), G4 (FW 800), and G4 Cube)
135 .It
136 Apple Mac Mini G4 (1.25GHz/1.42GHz/1.5GHz)
137 .It
138 Apple original Xserve and Xserve (Slot Load)
139 .(Note
140 Some newer G4 models may not run at their full CPU speed, due to
141 the fact Open Firmware starts the CPU at a reduced frequency.
142 .Note)
143 .It
144 Apple iMac G5, PowerMacintosh G5, Xserve G5
145 .(Note
146 G5 models are supported as a 32-bit port in bridge mode only.
147 .Note)
148 .bullet)
149 .tag)
150 .
151 .Ss2 Unsupported models
152 .(bullet -compact -offset indent
153 Systems with Open Firmware, but using a PPC 601 microprocessor
154 (PowerMacintosh 7200 and 7500 (without CPU upgrade))
155 .It
156 Systems with a PowerPC microprocessor, but lacking Open Firmware
157 .(bullet -compact
158 Apple PowerBook (1400, 2300, and 5300)
159 .It
160 Apple PowerMacintosh/Performa (52xx, 53xx, 62xx, and 63xx
161 (except 6300/160 and 6360 which are supported))
162 .It
163 Apple PowerMacintosh/Performa (61xx, 71xx, and 81xx)
164 .It
165 PowerComputing (Power 100 and Power 120)
166 .bullet)
167 .It
168 Systems with broken Open Firmware (Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh)
169 .It
170 Systems with a Motorola 68k microprocessor (these systems are supported by
171 .Nx Ns /mac68k )
172 .It
173 Systems upgraded from any of the above (unless the motherboard is replaced as
174 part of the upgrade)
175 .bullet)
176 .
177 .Ss2 Supported devices
178 .(bullet -offset indent
179 CPU upgrades
180 .(bullet -compact
181 Only one CPU in a multiprocessor system is supported with the GENERIC kernel.
182 All CPUs are supported with the GENERIC.MP kernel.
183 .It
184 Most CPU upgrades are supported.
185 Some older models will not automatically enable the L2 and/or L3 caches on
186 a G3 or G4 processor.
187 See the FAQ entry
188 .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/faq.html#cpu-upgrade
189 .bullet)
190 .It
191 Ethernet
192 .(bullet -compact
193 On-board 79C950-based MACE Ethernet interface
194 .Pq Em mc
195 .It
196 On-board bmac Ethernet interface
197 .Pq Em bm
198 .It
199 On-board gmac Ethernet interface
200 .Pq Em gem
201 .It
202 Apple PCI Ethernet Card (option for Apple Network Server)
203 .Pq Em tlp
204 .It
205 Asante Mac 10/100 PCI Rev A, part number 09-00169-01
206 .Pq Em tlp
207 .It
208 Farallon Fast EtherTX 10/100, part number PN996L-TX
209 .Pq Em tlp
210 .It
211 SMC Etherpower II (9432TX)
212 .Pq Em epic
213 .It
214 SMC 83c170
215 .Pq Em epic
216 .It
217 3Com 3c905
218 .Pq Em ex
219 .It
220 Intel EtherExpress PRO/10+ PCI LAN Adapter
221 .Pq Em fxp
222 .It
223 Realtek 8029 Ethernet
224 .Pq Em ne
225 .It
226 VIA Technologies VT86C926
227 .Pq Em ne
228 .It
229 D-Link DFE-530TX+
230 .Pq Em rtk
231 .It
232 Realtek 8139
233 .Pq Em rtk
234 .It
235 Netgear FA-311
236 .Pq Em sip
237 .It
238 Lite-On PNIC
239 .Pq Em tlp
240 .It
241 D-Link DFE-530TX
242 .Pq Em vr
243 .It
244 Many other PCI and Cardbus Ethernet interfaces, such as
245 Tulip-compatible
246 .Pq Em tlp ,
247 3Com
248 .Pq Em ep ,
249 SMC
250 .Pq Em epic ,
251 Intel
252 .Pq Em fxp ,
253 NE2000-compatible
254 .Pq Em ne ,
255 and Realtek
256 .Pq Em rtk
257 .It
258 Many USB Ethernet interfaces
259 .Pq Em aue , Em cue No and Em kue
260 .bullet)
261 .It
262 Wireless
263 .(bullet -compact
264 On-board AirPort or AirMac 802.11b
265 .Pq Em wi
266 .It
267 AT&T/Lucent WaveLan IEEE PCMCIA card
268 .Pq Em wi
269 .bullet)
270 .It
271 SCSI
272 .(bullet -compact
273 On-board NCR 53c94 SCSI controller
274 .Pq Em esp
275 .It
276 On-board MESH SCSI controller
277 .Pq Em mesh
278 .It
279 Adaptec PCI controllers 291x, 2920, 2930C, 294x, 295x, 39xx, 19160, 29160
280 and AIC-78xx
281 .Pq Em ahc
282 .(Note
283 The 294x models are not bootable in Open Firmware, even though they
284 can boot
285 .Tn MacOS
286 9 and earlier.
287 .Note)
288 .Pp
289 .It
290 AdvanSys 1200[A,B], 9xx[U,UA] SCSI controller
291 .Pq Em adv
292 .It
293 AMD 53c974
294 .Pq Em pcscp
295 .It
296 Apple 53c875 Ultra Wide SCSI (shipped in some Beige G3 models)
297 .Pq Em ncr No or Em siop
298 .(Note
299 This card may need a firmware update to boot NetBSD.
300 Use the Mac OS X SCSI Card Updater from
301 .Lk http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=25176
302 .Note)
303 .It
304 NCR/Symbios 53C8xx
305 .Pq Em siop No or Em esiop
306 .It
307 Many other PCI SCSI controllers should work, but no one has tried them
308 .It
309 Most SCSI disk/tape/CD-ROM devices should work
310 .bullet)
311 .It
312 IDE
313 .(bullet -compact
314 On-board IDE controllers
315 .It
316 Promise Ultra66
317 .Pq Em pciide
318 (this, and other PC-based cards are not bootable on \*M)
319 .It
320 Acard ATP-850/860 based IDE controllers
321 .Pq Em pciide
322 (including the Acard AEC-6210/6260 and the Sonnet Tempo ATA/66 cards)
323 .It
324 Some other PCI IDE controllers should work, although no one has had much success
325 .Pp
326 .It
327 Most IDE disk/CD-ROM/ATAPI devices should work
328 .bullet)
329 .It
330 Input devices
331 .(bullet -compact
332 Most ADB keyboards, mice, trackballs, and trackpads
333 .It
334 Most USB keyboards, mice, trackballs, and trackpads
335 .It
336 Most PS/2 keyboards, mice, and trackballs
337 (middle button on 3-button mice may not work)
338 .bullet)
339 .It
340 Video
341 .(bullet -compact
342 On-board video on most models
343 .Pq Em ofb
344 .(Note
345 Several models have been reported to not work with
346 .Nx
347 if the on-board video is in use, such as the Performa 54xx, 6360, 6400,
348 PowerComputing PowerCenter and PowerTower, and UMAX C600 and Apus 3000.
349 Also, the video
350 card that shipped with the PowerMacintosh 9500/150, 9500/180, and 9500/200
351 systems is reported to have the same problem.
352 .Note)
353 .Pp
354 .It
355 PCI frame buffers which have Open Firmware support
356 (ATI, IMS, Matrox, and NVIDIA have several models which work)
357 .It
358 Full wscons capabilities, such as virtual terminals and color text are
359 available. (Note however that switching between virtual terminals
360 while running an X session is not supported at present.)
361 .bullet)
362 .It
363 Audio
364 .(bullet -compact
365 On-board audio on most models
366 .Pq Em awacs No or Em snapper
367 .(Note
368 The
369 .Pq Em awacs
370 driver is considered
371 .Dq experimental No ,
372 meaning that it may cause your system to crash and/or is lacking
373 some features you may expect.
374 Due to interrupt conflicts with some G4 models, this driver is disabled
375 by default and you will need to build a kernel with it enabled.
376 .Note)
377 .Pp
378 .It
379 USB audio devices
380 .Pq Em uaudio
381 .Pp
382 .It
383 PCI audio cards, although only the Ensoniq AudioPCI
384 .Pq Em eap
385 has been thoroughly tested
386 .bullet)
387 .It
388 Serial ports
389 .br
390 .Nx*M
391 refers to the on-board serial ports as
392 .Pq Em tty00
393 and
394 .Pq Em tty01 .
395 Firmware uses the names listed below.
396 .(bullet -compact
397 On-board serial ports (the modem and printer ports)
398 .Pq Em ttya No and Em ttyb
399 .br
400 .Em ttya
401 is the mini-DIN 8 serial port with the
402 .Sq Modem
403 icon, and
404 .Em ttyb
405 is has the
406 .Sq Printer
407 icon.
408 Some models with internal modems have the serial port with the
409 .Sq Modem
410 icon covered over, and the modem is
411 .Em ttya .
412 .(Note
413 The on-board serial ports can be used for console (38400 bps, 8 bits, no
414 parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking), although many users have
415 reported problems trying to run ppp or other high speed serial applications
416 .Note)
417 .Pp
418 .It
419 The Xserve serial port.
420 .(Note
421 This serial port can be used for console (57600 bps, 8 bits, no
422 parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking). Use
423 .Pq Em scca
424 for the Open Firmware
425 .Sq input-device
426 and
427 .Sq output-device
428 variables. Alternatively, if you remove your video card,
429 Open Firmware will default to using the serial port for the console.
430 .Note)
431 .Pp
432 .It
433 The Gee Three Stealth Serial Port, possibly the Griffin Technology gPort
434 .(Note
435 These serial ports can be used for console (57600 bps, 8 bits, no parity,
436 1 stop bit, no handshaking).
437 Use
438 .Pq Em scca
439 for the Open Firmware
440 .Sq input-device
441 and
442 .Sq output-device
443 variables.
444 .Note)
445 .Pp
446 .It
447 Some USB, PCI, and Cardbus serial ports should work, but no one has tried them
448 .bullet)
449 .It
450 USB devices
451 .(bullet -compact
452 Most MI USB devices should work (such as disks, printers, input devices,
453 SCSI adapters, and ethernet interfaces)
454 .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/support/hardware/usb.html
455 .bullet)
456 .It
457 PCMCIA and Cardbus cards
458 .(bullet -compact
459 Most MI PCMCIA and Cardbus cards should work, although very few have been
460 tested with
461 .Nx*M
462 .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/support/hardware/cardbus.html
463 .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/support/hardware/pcmcia.html
464 .bullet)
465 .It
466 PCI cards
467 .(bullet -compact
468 Most MI PCI cards should work, although very few have been tested with
469 .Nx*M
470 .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/support/hardware/pci.html
471 .bullet)
472 .Pp
473 .(Note
474 While the
475 .Nx
476 kernel may support the various Cardbus, PCI, PCMCIA, and USB devices you may
477 have, Open Firmware does
478 .Em not
479 unless it has a specific Open Firmware ROM.
480 This means you cannot boot from these devices.
481 Some Adaptec SCSI controllers have bootable Open Firmware ROMs.
482 .Note)
483 .bullet)
484 .
485 .Ss2 Unsupported devices
486 .(bullet -offset indent
487 Floppy disk
488 .(Note
489 Though
490 .Nx*M
491 can boot from a floppy, there is no kernel support yet
492 .Note)
493 .Pp
494 .It
495 Advanced power management (cannot put system to
496 .Sq sleep )
497 .It
498 On-board video capture
499 .It
500 AirPort Extreme
501 .It
502 On-board SATA controller on G5 systems (these machines must be
503 netbooted)
504 .bullet)
505 .
506 .Ss2 Supported boot devices and media
507 .
508 Each version of Open Firmware supports different devices and media that you
509 may boot from.
510 We define the terms
511 .Dq "bootable media"
512 as the media (hard drive, floppy, CD-R, ethernet) that will be used to
513 bootstrap your \*M system into
514 .Nx ,
515 and
516 .Dq "distribution sets"
517 or
518 .Dq "distribution media"
519 as the media (hard drive, CD-R, ethernet) that contains the files that
520 will be installed to generate a working
521 .Nx
522 system onto your destination media.
523 .Pp
524 Go to the
525 .Nx*M
526 Model Support webpage and look up your system.
527 Take note of the comments about your model and keep these in
528 mind during the rest of this installation procedure.
529 .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/models.html