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5 - Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2007-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
6 - Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Internet Software Consortium.
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21 <!-- Id: host.docbook,v 1.20 2009/01/20 23:47:56 tbox Exp -->
22 <refentry id="man.host">
25 <date>Jun 30, 2000</date>
29 <refentrytitle>host</refentrytitle>
30 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
31 <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
35 <refname>host</refname>
36 <refpurpose>DNS lookup utility</refpurpose>
46 <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
52 <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>
58 <command>host</command>
59 <arg><option>-aCdlnrsTwv</option></arg>
60 <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>
61 <arg><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">ndots</replaceable></option></arg>
62 <arg><option>-R <replaceable class="parameter">number</replaceable></option></arg>
63 <arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>
64 <arg><option>-W <replaceable class="parameter">wait</replaceable></option></arg>
65 <arg><option>-m <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></option></arg>
66 <arg><option>-4</option></arg>
67 <arg><option>-6</option></arg>
68 <arg choice="req">name</arg>
69 <arg choice="opt">server</arg>
74 <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
76 <para><command>host</command>
77 is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups.
78 It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa.
79 When no arguments or options are given,
80 <command>host</command>
81 prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options.
84 <para><parameter>name</parameter> is the domain name that is to be
86 up. It can also be a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or a colon-delimited
87 IPv6 address, in which case <command>host</command> will by
89 perform a reverse lookup for that address.
90 <parameter>server</parameter> is an optional argument which
92 the name or IP address of the name server that <command>host</command>
93 should query instead of the server or servers listed in
94 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.
98 The <option>-a</option> (all) option is equivalent to setting the
99 <option>-v</option> option and asking <command>host</command> to make
104 When the <option>-C</option> option is used, <command>host</command>
105 will attempt to display the SOA records for zone
106 <parameter>name</parameter> from all the listed
108 servers for that zone. The list of name servers is defined by the NS
109 records that are found for the zone.
113 The <option>-c</option> option instructs to make a DNS query of class
114 <parameter>class</parameter>. This can be used to lookup
116 Chaosnet class resource records. The default class is IN (Internet).
120 Verbose output is generated by <command>host</command> when
122 <option>-d</option> or <option>-v</option> option is used. The two
123 options are equivalent. They have been provided for backwards
124 compatibility. In previous versions, the <option>-d</option> option
125 switched on debugging traces and <option>-v</option> enabled verbose
130 List mode is selected by the <option>-l</option> option. This makes
131 <command>host</command> perform a zone transfer for zone
132 <parameter>name</parameter>. Transfer the zone printing out
134 and address records (A/AAAA). If combined with <option>-a</option>
135 all records will be printed.
139 The <option>-i</option>
140 option specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses should
141 use the IP6.INT domain as defined in RFC1886.
142 The default is to use IP6.ARPA.
146 The <option>-N</option> option sets the number of dots that have to be
147 in <parameter>name</parameter> for it to be considered
149 default value is that defined using the ndots statement in
150 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, or 1 if no ndots
152 present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and
153 will be searched for in the domains listed in the <type>search</type>
154 or <type>domain</type> directive in
155 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.
159 The number of UDP retries for a lookup can be changed with the
160 <option>-R</option> option. <parameter>number</parameter>
162 how many times <command>host</command> will repeat a query
164 not get answered. The default number of retries is 1. If
165 <parameter>number</parameter> is negative or zero, the
167 retries will default to 1.
171 Non-recursive queries can be made via the <option>-r</option> option.
172 Setting this option clears the <type>RD</type> — recursion
173 desired — bit in the query which <command>host</command> makes.
174 This should mean that the name server receiving the query will not
175 attempt to resolve <parameter>name</parameter>. The
176 <option>-r</option> option enables <command>host</command>
178 the behavior of a name server by making non-recursive queries and
179 expecting to receive answers to those queries that are usually
180 referrals to other name servers.
184 By default, <command>host</command> uses UDP when making
186 <option>-T</option> option makes it use a TCP connection when querying
187 the name server. TCP will be automatically selected for queries that
188 require it, such as zone transfer (AXFR) requests.
192 The <option>-4</option> option forces <command>host</command> to only
193 use IPv4 query transport. The <option>-6</option> option forces
194 <command>host</command> to only use IPv6 query transport.
198 The <option>-t</option> option is used to select the query type.
199 <parameter>type</parameter> can be any recognized query
201 NS, SOA, SIG, KEY, AXFR, etc. When no query type is specified,
202 <command>host</command> automatically selects an appropriate
204 type. By default, it looks for A, AAAA, and MX records, but if the
205 <option>-C</option> option was given, queries will be made for SOA
206 records, and if <parameter>name</parameter> is a
208 address or colon-delimited IPv6 address, <command>host</command> will
209 query for PTR records. If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting
210 serial number can be specified by appending an equal followed by the
211 starting serial number (e.g. -t IXFR=12345678).
215 The time to wait for a reply can be controlled through the
216 <option>-W</option> and <option>-w</option> options. The
217 <option>-W</option> option makes <command>host</command>
219 <parameter>wait</parameter> seconds. If <parameter>wait</parameter>
220 is less than one, the wait interval is set to one second. When the
221 <option>-w</option> option is used, <command>host</command>
223 effectively wait forever for a reply. The time to wait for a response
224 will be set to the number of seconds given by the hardware's maximum
225 value for an integer quantity.
229 The <option>-s</option> option tells <command>host</command>
230 <emphasis>not</emphasis> to send the query to the next nameserver
231 if any server responds with a SERVFAIL response, which is the
232 reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.
236 The <option>-m</option> can be used to set the memory usage debugging
238 <parameter>record</parameter>, <parameter>usage</parameter> and
239 <parameter>trace</parameter>.
244 <title>IDN SUPPORT</title>
246 If <command>host</command> has been built with IDN (internationalized
247 domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
248 <command>host</command> appropriately converts character encoding of
249 domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
250 reply from the server.
251 If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
252 the <envar>IDN_DISABLE</envar> environment variable.
253 The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
254 <command>host</command> runs.
260 <para><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>
265 <title>SEE ALSO</title>
267 <refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
270 <refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>