external/bsd/bind/dist/bin/named/named.html

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  21 <title>named</title>
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  24 <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en">
  25 <a name="man.named"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
  26 <div class="refnamediv">
  27 <h2>Name</h2>
  28 <p><span class="application">named</span> &#8212; Internet domain name server</p>
  29 </div>
  30 <div class="refsynopsisdiv">
  31 <h2>Synopsis</h2>
  32 <div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code>  [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
  33 </div>
  34 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
  35 <a name="id2543480"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
  36 <p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
  37       is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
  38       part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC.  For more
  39       information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
  40     </p>
  41 <p>
  42       When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
  43       will
  44       read the default configuration file
  45       <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
  46       data, and listen for queries.
  47     </p>
  48 </div>
  49 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
  50 <a name="id2543505"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
  51 <div class="variablelist"><dl>
  52 <dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
  53 <dd><p>
  54             Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
  55             <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
  56             exclusive.
  57           </p></dd>
  58 <dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
  59 <dd><p>
  60             Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
  61             <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
  62             exclusive.
  63           </p></dd>
  64 <dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
  65 <dd><p>
  66             Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
  67             configuration file instead of the default,
  68             <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>.  To
  69             ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
  70             to work after the server has changed its working
  71             directory due to to a possible
  72             <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
  73             file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
  74             an absolute pathname.
  75           </p></dd>
  76 <dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
  77 <dd><p>
  78             Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
  79             Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become
  80             more verbose as the debug level increases.
  81           </p></dd>
  82 <dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></span></dt>
  83 <dd><p>
  84             Use a crypto hardware (OpenSSL engine) for the crypto operations
  85             it supports, for instance re-signing with private keys from
  86             a secure key store. When compiled with PKCS#11 support
  87             <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em>
  88             defaults to pkcs11, the empty name resets it to no engine.
  89           </p></dd>
  90 <dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt>
  91 <dd><p>
  92             Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
  93           </p></dd>
  94 <dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt>
  95 <dd><p>
  96             Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
  97             to <code class="filename">stderr</code>.
  98           </p></dd>
  99 <dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt>
 100 <dd><p>
 101             Turn on memory usage debugging flags.  Possible flags are
 102             <em class="replaceable"><code>usage</code></em>,
 103             <em class="replaceable"><code>trace</code></em>,
 104             <em class="replaceable"><code>record</code></em>,
 105             <em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>, and
 106             <em class="replaceable"><code>mctx</code></em>.
 107             These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
 108             <code class="filename">&lt;isc/mem.h&gt;</code>.
 109           </p></dd>
 110 <dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
 111 <dd><p>
 112             Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
 113             to take advantage of multiple CPUs.  If not specified,
 114             <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the
 115             number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
 116             If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
 117             single worker thread will be created.
 118           </p></dd>
 119 <dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
 120 <dd><p>
 121             Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>.  If not
 122             specified, the default is port 53.
 123           </p></dd>
 124 <dt><span class="term">-s</span></dt>
 125 <dd>
 126 <p>
 127             Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
 128           </p>
 129 <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
 130 <h3 class="title">Note</h3>
 131 <p>
 132               This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
 133               and may be removed or changed in a future release.
 134             </p>
 135 </div>
 136 </dd>
 137 <dt><span class="term">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></span></dt>
 138 <dd>
 139 <p>
 140             Allow <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to use up to
 141             <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em> sockets.
 142           </p>
 143 <div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
 144 <h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
 145 <p>
 146               This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority
 147               of users.
 148               The use of this option could even be harmful because the
 149               specified value may exceed the limitation of the
 150               underlying system API.
 151               It is therefore set only when the default configuration
 152               causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the
 153               operational environment is known to support the
 154               specified number of sockets.
 155               Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little
 156               fewer than the specified value because
 157               <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> reserves some file descriptors
 158               for its internal use.
 159             </p>
 160 </div>
 161 </dd>
 162 <dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
 163 <dd>
 164 <p>Chroot
 165             to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
 166             processing the command line arguments, but before
 167             reading the configuration file.
 168           </p>
 169 <div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
 170 <h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
 171 <p>
 172               This option should be used in conjunction with the
 173               <code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
 174               running as root doesn't enhance security on most
 175               systems; the way <code class="function">chroot(2)</code> is
 176               defined allows a process with root privileges to
 177               escape a chroot jail.
 178             </p>
 179 </div>
 180 </dd>
 181 <dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
 182 <dd>
 183 <p>Setuid
 184             to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
 185             privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
 186             listen on privileged ports.
 187           </p>
 188 <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
 189 <h3 class="title">Note</h3>
 190 <p>
 191               On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
 192                         capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
 193               except the ability to <code class="function">bind(2)</code> to
 194               a
 195               privileged port and set process resource limits.
 196               Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
 197               option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
 198               run
 199               on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
 200               later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
 201               to be retained after <code class="function">setuid(2)</code>.
 202             </p>
 203 </div>
 204 </dd>
 205 <dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
 206 <dd><p>
 207             Report the version number and exit.
 208           </p></dd>
 209 <dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt>
 210 <dd><p>
 211             Report the version number and build options, and exit.
 212           </p></dd>
 213 <dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
 214 <dd>
 215 <p>
 216             Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
 217             cache of the default view.
 218           </p>
 219 <div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
 220 <h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
 221 <p>
 222               This option must not be used.  It is only of interest
 223               to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
 224               future release.
 225             </p>
 226 </div>
 227 </dd>
 228 </dl></div>
 229 </div>
 230 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
 231 <a name="id2543962"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
 232 <p>
 233       In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
 234       the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
 235       instead.
 236     </p>
 237 <div class="variablelist"><dl>
 238 <dt><span class="term">SIGHUP</span></dt>
 239 <dd><p>
 240             Force a reload of the server.
 241           </p></dd>
 242 <dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt>
 243 <dd><p>
 244             Shut down the server.
 245           </p></dd>
 246 </dl></div>
 247 <p>
 248       The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
 249     </p>
 250 </div>
 251 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
 252 <a name="id2544010"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
 253 <p>
 254       The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
 255       to describe in detail here.  A complete description is provided
 256       in the
 257       <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
 258     </p>
 259 <p>
 260       <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> inherits the <code class="function">umask</code>
 261       (file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files
 262       created by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>, such as journal files,
 263       need to have custom permissions, the <code class="function">umask</code>
 264       should be set explicitly in the script used to start the
 265       <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> process.
 266     </p>
 267 </div>
 268 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
 269 <a name="id2544046"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
 270 <div class="variablelist"><dl>
 271 <dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
 272 <dd><p>
 273             The default configuration file.
 274           </p></dd>
 275 <dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code></span></dt>
 276 <dd><p>
 277             The default process-id file.
 278           </p></dd>
 279 </dl></div>
 280 </div>
 281 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
 282 <a name="id2544086"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
 283 <p><em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>,
 284       <em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
 285       <em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
 286       <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>(8)</span>,
 287       <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>(8)</span>,
 288       <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
 289       <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>,
 290       <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>,
 291       <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
 292     </p>
 293 </div>
 294 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
 295 <a name="id2544293"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
 296 <p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
 297     </p>
 298 </div>
 299 </div></body>
 300 </html>