7 Network Working Group A. Durand
8 Request for Comments: 3901 SUN Microsystems, Inc.
10 Category: Best Current Practice Autonomica
14 DNS IPv6 Transport Operational Guidelines
18 This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the
19 Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
20 improvements. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
24 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).
28 This memo provides guidelines and Best Current Practice for operating
29 DNS in a world where queries and responses are carried in a mixed
30 environment of IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
32 1. Introduction to the Problem of Name Space Fragmentation:
33 following the referral chain
35 A resolver that tries to look up a name starts out at the root, and
36 follows referrals until it is referred to a name server that is
37 authoritative for the name. If somewhere down the chain of referrals
38 it is referred to a name server that is only accessible over a
39 transport which the resolver cannot use, the resolver is unable to
42 When the Internet moves from IPv4 to a mixture of IPv4 and IPv6 it is
43 only a matter of time until this starts to happen. The complete DNS
44 hierarchy then starts to fragment into a graph where authoritative
45 name servers for certain nodes are only accessible over a certain
46 transport. The concern is that a resolver using only a particular
47 version of IP and querying information about another node using the
48 same version of IP can not do it because somewhere in the chain of
49 servers accessed during the resolution process, one or more of them
50 will only be accessible with the other version of IP.
52 With all DNS data only available over IPv4 transport everything is
53 simple. IPv4 resolvers can use the intended mechanism of following
54 referrals from the root and down while IPv6 resolvers have to work
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60 RFC 3901 DNS IPv6 Transport Guidelines September 2004
63 through a "translator", i.e., they have to use a recursive name
64 server on a so-called "dual stack" host as a "forwarder" since they
65 cannot access the DNS data directly.
67 With all DNS data only available over IPv6 transport everything would
68 be equally simple, with the exception of IPv4 recursive name servers
69 having to switch to a forwarding configuration.
71 However, the second situation will not arise in the foreseeable
72 future. Instead, the transition will be from IPv4 only to a mixture
73 of IPv4 and IPv6, with three categories of DNS data depending on
74 whether the information is available only over IPv4 transport, only
77 Having DNS data available on both transports is the best situation.
78 The major question is how to ensure that it becomes the norm as
79 quickly as possible. However, while it is obvious that some DNS data
80 will only be available over v4 transport for a long time it is also
81 obvious that it is important to avoid fragmenting the name space
82 available to IPv4 only hosts. For example, during transition it is
83 not acceptable to break the name space that we presently have
84 available for IPv4-only hosts.
88 The phrase "IPv4 name server" indicates a name server available over
89 IPv4 transport. It does not imply anything about what DNS [1,2] data
90 is served. Likewise, "IPv6 [4,5,6] name server" indicates a name
91 server available over IPv6 transport. The phrase "dual-stack name
92 server" indicates a name server that is actually configured to run
93 both protocols, IPv4 and IPv6, and not merely a server running on a
94 system capable of running both but actually configured to run only
97 3. Policy Based Avoidance of Name Space Fragmentation
99 Today there are only a few DNS "zones" on the public Internet that
100 are available over IPv6 transport, and most of them can be regarded
101 as "experimental". However, as soon as the root and top level
102 domains are available over IPv6 transport, it is reasonable to expect
103 that it will become more common to have zones served by IPv6 servers.
105 Having those zones served only by IPv6-only name server would not be
106 a good development, since this will fragment the previously
107 unfragmented IPv4 name space and there are strong reasons to find a
108 mechanism to avoid it.
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116 RFC 3901 DNS IPv6 Transport Guidelines September 2004
119 The recommended approach to maintain name space continuity is to use
120 administrative policies, as described in the next section.
122 4. DNS IPv6 Transport recommended Guidelines
124 In order to preserve name space continuity, the following
125 administrative policies are recommended:
127 - every recursive name server SHOULD be either IPv4-only or dual
130 This rules out IPv6-only recursive servers. However, one might
131 design configurations where a chain of IPv6-only name server
132 forward queries to a set of dual stack recursive name server
133 actually performing those recursive queries.
135 - every DNS zone SHOULD be served by at least one IPv4-reachable
136 authoritative name server.
138 This rules out DNS zones served only by IPv6-only authoritative
141 Note: zone validation processes SHOULD ensure that there is at least
142 one IPv4 address record available for the name servers of any child
143 delegations within the zone.
145 5. Security Considerations
147 The guidelines described in this memo introduce no new security
148 considerations into the DNS protocol or associated operational
153 This document is the result of many conversations that happened in
154 the DNS community at IETF and elsewhere since 2001. During that
155 period of time, a number of Internet drafts have been published to
156 clarify various aspects of the issues at stake. This document
157 focuses on the conclusion of those discussions.
159 The authors would like to acknowledge the role of Pekka Savola in his
160 thorough review of the document.
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172 RFC 3901 DNS IPv6 Transport Guidelines September 2004
175 7. Normative References
177 [1] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities", STD
178 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.
180 [2] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
181 specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
183 [3] Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3", BCP
184 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.
186 [4] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6)
187 Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
189 [5] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
190 Addressing Architecture", RFC 3513, April 2003.
192 [6] Thomson, S., Huitema, C., Ksinant, V., and M. Souissi, "DNS
193 Extensions to Support IP Version 6", RFC 3596, October 2003.
195 8. Authors' Addresses
198 SUN Microsystems, Inc
199 17 Network circle UMPK17-202
200 Menlo Park, CA, 94025
203 EMail: Alain.Durand@sun.com
212 EMail: johani@autonomica.se
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228 RFC 3901 DNS IPv6 Transport Guidelines September 2004
231 9. Full Copyright Statement
233 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).
235 This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
236 contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
237 retain all their rights.
239 This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
240 "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/S HE
241 REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE
242 INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
243 IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF
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245 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
247 Intellectual Property
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273 Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
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