2 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
4 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
9 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
13 @node Machine Dependencies
14 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
19 * AVR Options:: Options
21 * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes
26 @cindex AVR options (none)
27 @cindex options for AVR (none)
31 @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR
33 Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type.
35 Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C
36 compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200,
37 attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28).
39 Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to
40 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343,
41 attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534,
44 Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory
45 space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313,
46 attiny24, attiny44, attiny84, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261,
47 attiny461, attiny861, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88, at86rf401).
49 Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program
50 memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711).
52 Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program
53 memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320).
55 Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP
56 instructions (MCU types: attiny167, at90usb82, at90usb162).
58 Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program
59 memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48p,atmega8, atmega88, atmega88p,
60 atmega8515, atmega8535, atmega8hva, at90pwm1, at90pwm2, at90pwm2b,
63 Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program
64 memory space (MCU types: atmega16, atmega161, atmega162, atmega163, atmega164p,
65 atmega165, atmega165p, atmega168, atmega168p, atmega169, atmega169p, atmega32,
66 atmega323, atmega324p, atmega325, atmega325p, atmega3250, atmega3250p,
67 atmega328p, atmega329, atmega329p, atmega3290, atmega3290p, atmega406, atmega64,
68 atmega640, atmega644, atmega644p, atmega645, atmega6450, atmega649, atmega6490,
69 atmega16hva, at90can32, at90can64, at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega16u4,
70 atmega32c1, atmega32m1, atmega32u4, at90usb646, at90usb647, at94k).
72 Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K program
73 memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega1280, atmega1281, atmega1284p,
74 at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287).
76 Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC (MCU types:
77 atmega2560, atmega2561).
79 @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR
81 Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}.
83 @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR
85 This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions.
87 @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR
89 This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around.
97 * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters
98 * AVR-Regs:: Register Names
99 * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers
103 @subsection Special Characters
105 @cindex line comment character, AVR
106 @cindex AVR line comment character
108 The presence of a @samp{;} on a line indicates the start of a comment
109 that extends to the end of the current line. If a @samp{#} appears as
110 the first character of a line, the whole line is treated as a comment.
112 @cindex line separator, AVR
113 @cindex statement separator, AVR
114 @cindex AVR line separator
116 The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate
120 @subsection Register Names
122 @cindex AVR register names
123 @cindex register names, AVR
125 The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0},
126 @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}.
127 Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address
128 register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address
129 pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in
130 Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit
131 @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers.
140 @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers
142 @cindex AVR modifiers
145 The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses
146 in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following:
149 modifier(relocatable-expression)
153 @cindex symbol modifiers
157 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
158 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
162 This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression
163 as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the
164 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier.
175 This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of
176 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
177 Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants.
181 Synonym of @samp{hh8}.
185 This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of
186 an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the
187 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8},
188 @samp{hhi8}, modifier.
193 ldi r26, lo8(285774925)
194 ldi r27, hi8(285774925)
195 ldi r28, hlo8(285774925)
196 ldi r29, hhi8(285774925)
197 ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925
202 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
203 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
204 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
205 Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar
210 This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of
211 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
212 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
213 Flash/Program memory.
217 This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of
218 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
219 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
220 Flash/Program memory.
227 @cindex AVR opcode summary
228 @cindex opcode summary, AVR
229 @cindex mnemonics, AVR
230 @cindex instruction summary, AVR
231 For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see
232 @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}.
234 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes.
235 The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments.
240 d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)}
241 v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)}
242 a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)}
243 w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)}
244 e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)}
245 b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)}
246 z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])}
247 M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255}
248 n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible}
249 s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7}
250 P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)}
251 p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)}
252 K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')}
253 i @r{immediate value}
254 l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63}
255 L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047}
256 h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)}
257 S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)}
258 ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry}
276 100101001SSS1000 bclr S
277 100101000SSS1000 bset S
278 1001010100001001 icall
279 1001010000001001 ijmp
280 1001010111001000 lpm ?
281 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z
282 1001010111011000 elpm ?
283 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z
286 1001010100011000 reti
287 1001010110001000 sleep
288 1001010110011000 break
291 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r
292 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r
293 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r
294 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r
295 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r
296 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r
297 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r
298 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r
299 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r
300 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r
301 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r
302 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r
303 001001rdddddrrrr clr r
304 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r
305 000111rdddddrrrr rol r
306 001000rdddddrrrr tst r
307 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M
308 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n
309 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M
310 11101111dddd1111 ser d
311 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M
312 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M
313 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M
314 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M
315 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M
316 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s
317 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s
318 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s
319 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s
320 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P
321 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r
322 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K
323 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K
324 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s
325 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s
326 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s
327 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s
328 111101lllllll000 brcc l
329 111100lllllll000 brcs l
330 111100lllllll001 breq l
331 111101lllllll100 brge l
332 111101lllllll101 brhc l
333 111100lllllll101 brhs l
334 111101lllllll111 brid l
335 111100lllllll111 brie l
336 111100lllllll000 brlo l
337 111100lllllll100 brlt l
338 111100lllllll010 brmi l
339 111101lllllll001 brne l
340 111101lllllll010 brpl l
341 111101lllllll000 brsh l
342 111101lllllll110 brtc l
343 111100lllllll110 brts l
344 111101lllllll011 brvc l
345 111100lllllll011 brvs l
346 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l
347 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l
348 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L
349 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L
350 1001010hhhhh111h call h
351 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h
352 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r
353 1001010rrrrr0000 com r
354 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r
355 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r
356 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r
357 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r
358 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r
359 1001001rrrrr1111 push r
360 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r
361 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r
362 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v
363 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d
364 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a
365 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a
366 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a
367 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a
368 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r
369 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i
370 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b
371 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e
372 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r
373 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r
374 1001010100011001 eicall
375 1001010000011001 eijmp