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30 .\" @(#)7.t 5.1 (Berkeley) 4/17/91
36 4.2BSD, while functionally superior to 4.1BSD, lacked much of the
37 performance tuning required of a good system. We found that
38 the distributed system spent 10-20% more time in the kernel than
39 4.1BSD. This added overhead combined with problems with several
40 user programs severely limited the overall performance of the
41 system in a general timesharing environment.
43 Changes made to the system since the 4.2BSD distribution have
44 eliminated most of the
45 added system overhead by replacing old algorithms
46 or introducing additional cacheing schemes.
47 The combined caches added to the name translation process
48 reduce the average cost of translating a pathname to an inode by more than 50%.
49 These changes reduce the percentage of time spent running
50 in the system by nearly 9%.
52 The use of silo input on terminal ports only when necessary
53 has allowed the system to avoid a large amount of software interrupt
54 processing. Observations show that the system is forced to
55 field about 25% fewer interrupts than before.
58 changes, combined with many bug fixes, make the system much more
59 responsive in a general timesharing environment.
60 The 4.3BSD Berkeley UNIX system now appears
61 capable of supporting loads at least as large as those supported under
62 4.1BSD while providing all the new interprocess communication, networking,
63 and file system facilities.
65 .ds RH Acknowledgements
67 \s+2Acknowledgements\s0
69 We would like to thank Robert Elz for sharing his ideas and
70 his code for cacheing system wide names and searching the process table.
71 We thank Alan Smith for initially suggesting the use of a
72 capability based cache.
74 George Goble who dropped many of our changes
75 into his production system and reported back fixes to the
76 disasters that they caused.
77 The buffer cache read-ahead trace package was based
78 on a program written by Jim Lawson. Ralph Campbell
79 implemented several of the C library changes. The original
80 version of the Internet daemon was written by Bill Joy.
82 we would like to thank the many other people that contributed
83 ideas, information, and work while the system was undergoing change.
91 Luis Felipe Cabrera, Eduard Hunter, Michael J. Karels, and David Mosher,
92 ``A User-Process Oriented Performance Study of Ethernet Networking Under
93 Berkeley UNIX 4.2BSD,''
94 Research Report No. UCB/CSD 84/217, University of California,
95 Berkeley, December 1984.
97 Luis Felipe Cabrera, Michael J. Karels, and David Mosher,
98 ``The Impact of Buffer Management on Networking Software Performance
99 in Berkeley UNIX 4.2BSD: A Case Study,''
100 Proceedings of the Summer Usenix Conference, Portland, Oregon,
101 June 1985, pp. 507-517.
103 GADS (Gateway Algorithms and Data Structures Task Force),
104 ``Toward an Internet Standard for Subnetting,'' RFC-940,
105 Network Information Center, SRI International,
109 ``Comments on the performance of UNIX on the VAX'',
110 Computer System Research Group, U.C. Berkeley.
114 ``UNIX and VMS, Some Performance Comparisons'',
115 SRI International. February 1980.
118 ``UNIX System V and 4BSD Performance,''
119 \fIProceedings of the Salt Lake City Usenix Conference\fP,
120 pp 228-236, June 1984.
122 Sam Leffler, Mike Karels, and M. Kirk McKusick,
123 ``Measuring and Improving the Performance of 4.2BSD,''
124 \fIProceedings of the Salt Lake City Usenix Conference\fP,
125 pp 237-252, June 1984.
127 M. Kirk McKusick, Mike Karels, and Samual Leffler,
128 ``Performance Improvements and Functional Enhancements in 4.3BSD''
129 \fIProceedings of the Portland Usenix Conference\fP,
130 pp 519-531, June 1985.
131 .IP [Mockapetris83] 20
132 Paul Mockapetris, ``Domain Names \- Implementation and Schedule,''
133 Network Information Center, SRI International,
137 Jeffrey Mogul, ``Broadcasting Internet Datagrams,'' RFC-919,
138 Network Information Center, SRI International,
142 ``UNIX Performance, an Introspection'',
143 Presented at the Boulder, Colorado Usenix Conference, January 1980.
144 Copies of the paper are available from
145 Computer System Research Group, U.C. Berkeley.
147 John Nagle, ``Congestion Control in IP/TCP Internetworks,'' RFC-896,
148 Network Information Center, SRI International,
151 Ritchie, D. M. and Thompson, K.,
152 ``The UNIX Time-Sharing System'',
153 CACM 17, 7. July 1974. pp 365-375
156 private communication,
159 Robert Walsh and Robert Gurwitz,
160 ``Converting BBN TCP/IP to 4.2BSD,''
161 \fIProceedings of the Salt Lake City Usenix Conference\fP,