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30 .\" @(#)inet.4 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
37 .Nd Internet protocol family
42 The Internet protocol family is a collection of protocols
46 transport layer, and using the Internet address format.
47 The Internet family provides protocol support for the
48 .Dv SOCK_STREAM , SOCK_DGRAM ,
53 interface provides access to the
57 Internet addresses are four byte quantities, stored in
58 network standard format (on the
60 these are word and byte
61 reversed). The include file
64 as a discriminated union.
66 Sockets bound to the Internet protocol family use
67 the following addressing structure,
68 .Bd -literal -offset indent
71 sa_family_t sin_family;
73 struct in_addr sin_addr;
78 Sockets may be created with the local address
82 matching on incoming messages.
91 The distinguished address
93 is allowed as a shorthand for the broadcast address on the primary
94 network if the first network configured supports broadcast.
96 The Internet protocol family comprises
99 transport protocol, Internet Control
105 and User Datagram Protocol
108 is used to support the
112 is used to support the
114 abstraction. A raw interface to
117 by creating an Internet socket of type
121 message protocol is accessible from a raw socket.
123 The 32-bit Internet address contains both network and host parts.
124 It is frequency-encoded; the most-significant bit is clear
125 in Class A addresses, in which the high-order 8 bits are the network
127 Class B addresses use the high-order 16 bits as the network field,
128 and Class C addresses have a 24-bit network part.
129 Sites with a cluster of local networks and a connection to the
130 Internet may chose to use a single network number for the cluster;
131 this is done by using subnet addressing.
132 The local (host) portion of the address is further subdivided
133 into subnet and host parts.
134 Within a subnet, each subnet appears to be an individual network;
135 externally, the entire cluster appears to be a single, uniform
136 network requiring only a single routing entry.
137 Subnet addressing is enabled and examined by the following
139 commands on a datagram socket in the Internet domain;
140 they have the same form as the
145 .Bl -tag -width SIOCSIFNETMASK
146 .It Dv SIOCSIFNETMASK
147 Set interface network mask.
148 The network mask defines the network part of the address;
149 if it contains more of the address than the address type would indicate,
150 then subnets are in use.
151 .It Dv SIOCGIFNETMASK
152 Get interface network mask.
164 .%T "An Introductory 4.4BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial"
167 .Pq see Pa /usr/share/doc/psd/20.ipctut
169 .%T "Advanced 4.4BSD IPC Tutorial"
170 .%A Samuel J. Leffler
177 .Pq see Pa /usr/share/doc/psd/21.ipc
181 protocol interface appeared in
184 The Internet protocol support is subject to change as
185 the Internet protocols develop. Users should not depend
186 on details of the current implementation, but rather
187 the services exported.