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.\" $NetBSD: veriexec.9,v 1.21 2009/03/15 14:14:50 joerg Exp $
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.\" Copyright 2006 Elad Efrat <elad@NetBSD.org>
.\" Copyright 2006 Brett Lymn <blymn@NetBSD.org>
.\"
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
.\" by Brett Lymn and Elad Efrat
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.Dd February 10, 2008
.Dt VERIEXEC 9
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm veriexec
.Nd in-kernel file integrity subsystem KPI
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/verified_exec.h
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
is the KPI for
.Em Veriexec ,
the
.Nx
in-kernel file integrity subsystem.
It is responsible for managing the supported hashing algorithms, fingerprint
calculation and comparison, file monitoring tables, and relevant hooks to
enforce the
.Em Veriexec
policy.
.Ss Core Routines
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It Ft void Fn veriexec_init "void"
Initialize the
.Em Veriexec
subsystem.
Called only once during system startup.
.It Ft "bool" Fn veriexec_lookup "struct vnode *vp"
Check if
.Ar vp
is monitored by
.Em Veriexec
or not.
Returns
.Dv true
if it is, or
.Dv false
otherwise.
.It Ft int Fn veriexec_verify "struct lwp *l" "struct vnode *vp" \
"const u_char *name" "int flag" "bool *found"
Verifies the digital fingerprint of
.Ar vp .
.Ar name
is the filename, and
.Ar flag
is the access flag.
The access flag can be one of:
.Bl -tag -width VERIEXEC_INDIRECT
.It Dv VERIEXEC_DIRECT
The file was executed directly via
.Xr execve 2 .
.It Dv VERIEXEC_INDIRECT
The file was executed indirectly, either as an interpreter for a script or
mapped to an executable memory region.
.It Dv VERIEXEC_FILE
The file was opened for reading/writing.
.El
.Pp
.Ar l
is the LWP for the request context.
.Pp
An optional argument,
.Ar found ,
is a pointer to a boolean indicating whether an entry for the file was found
in the
.Em Veriexec
tables.
.It Ft void Fn veriexec_purge "struct vnode *vp"
Purge the file entry for
.Ar vp .
This invalidates the fingerprint so it will be evaluated next time the file
is accessed.
.\" veriexec_page_verify() intentionally not documented.
.El
.Ss Fingerprint Related Routines
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It Ft int Fn veriexec_fpops_add "const char *fp_type" "size_t hash_len" \
"size_t ctx_size" "veriexec_fpop_init_t init" "veriexec_fpop_update_t update" \
"veriexec_fpop_final_t final"
Add support for fingerprinting algorithm
.Ar fp_type
with binary hash length
.Ar hash_len
and calculation context size
.Ar ctx_size
to
.Em Veriexec .
.Ar init ,
.Ar update ,
and
.Ar final
are the routines used to initialize, update, and finalize a calculation
context.
.El
.Ss Table Management Routines
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It Ft int Fn veriexec_file_add "struct lwp *l" \
"prop_dictionary_t dict"
Add a
.Em Veriexec
entry for the file described by
.Ar dict .
.Pp
.Ar dict
is expected to have the following:
.Bl -column entry-type string "entry type flags (see veriexec(4))"
.It Sy Name     Type    Purpose
.It file        string  filename
.It entry-type  uint8   entry type flags ( see Xr veriexec 4 )
.It fp-type     string  fingerprint hashing algorithm
.It fp  data    the fingerprint
.El
.It Ft int Fn veriexec_file_delete "struct lwp *l" "struct vnode *vp"
Remove
.Em Veriexec
entry for
.Ar vp .
.It Ft int Fn veriexec_table_delete "struct lwp *l" "struct mount *mp"
Remove
.Em Veriexec
table for mount-point
.Ar mp .
.It Ft int Fn veriexec_flush "struct lwp *l"
Delete all
.Em Veriexec
tables.
.El
.Ss Hook Handlers
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It Ft int Fn veriexec_openchk "struct lwp *l" "struct vnode *vp" \
"const char *path" "int fmode"
Called when a file is opened.
.Pp
.Ar l
is the LWP opening the file,
.Ar vp
is a vnode for the file being opened as returned from
.Xr namei 9 .
If
.Dv NULL ,
the file is being created.
.Ar path
is the pathname for the file (not necessarily a full path), and
.Ar fmode
are the mode bits with which the file was opened.
.It Ft int Fn veriexec_renamechk "struct lwp *l" "struct vnode *fromvp" \
"const char *fromname" "struct vnode *tovp" "const char *toname"
Called when a file is renamed.
.Pp
.Ar fromvp
and
.Ar fromname
are the vnode and filename of the file being renamed.
.Ar tovp
and
.Ar toname
are the vnode and filename of the target file.
.Ar l
is the LWP renaming the file.
.Pp
Depending on the strict level,
.Nm
will either track changes appropriately or prevent the rename.
.It Ft int Fn veriexec_removechk "struct lwp *l" "struct vnode *vp" \
"const char *name"
Called when a file is removed.
.Pp
.Ar vp
is the vnode of the file being removed, and
.Ar name
is the filename.
.Ar l
is the LWP removing the file,
.Pp
Depending on the strict level,
.Nm
will either clean-up after the file or prevent its removal.
.It Ft int Fn veriexec_unmountchk "struct mount *mp"
Checks if the current strict level allows
.Ar mp
to be unmounted.
.El
.Ss Miscellaneous Routines
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It Ft int Fn veriexec_convert "struct vnode *vp" "prop_dictionary_t rdict"
Convert
.Em Veriexec
entry for
.Ar vp
to human-readable
.Xr proplib 3
dictionary,
.Ar rdict ,
with the following elements:
.Bl -column entryxtype string
.It Sy Name     Type    Purpose
.It entry-type  uint8   entry type flags ( see Xr veriexec 4 )
.It status      uint8   entry status ( see below )
.It fp-type     string  fingerprint hashing algorithm
.It fp  data    the fingerprint
.El
.Pp
The
.Dq status
can be one of the following:
.Bl -column fingerprintxmismatch effect
.It Sy Status   Meaning
.It FINGERPRINT_NOTEVAL not evaluated
.It FINGERPRINT_VALID   fingerprint match
.It FINGERPRINT_MISMATCH        fingerprint mismatch
.El
.Pp
If no entry was found,
.Er ENOENT
is returned.
Otherwise, zero.
.It Ft int Fn veriexec_dump "struct lwp *l" "prop_array_t rarray"
Fill
.Ar rarray
with entries for all files monitored by
.Em Veriexec
that have a filename associated with them.
.Pp
Each element in
.Ar rarray
is a dictionary with the same elements as filled by
.Fn veriexec_convert ,
with an additional field,
.Dq file ,
containing the filename.
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -column srcxsysxkernxkernxverifiedexecxc foo
.It Sy Path     Purpose
.It src/sys/dev/verified_exec.c driver for userland communication
.It src/sys/sys/verified_exec.h shared (userland/kernel) header file
.It src/sys/kern/kern_verifiedexec.c    subsystem code
.It src/sys/kern/vfs_syscalls.c rename, remove, and unmount policies
.It src/sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c    regular file access policy
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr proplib 3 ,
.Xr sysctl 3 ,
.Xr veriexec 4 ,
.Xr security 8 ,
.Xr sysctl 8 ,
.Xr veriexecctl 8 ,
.Xr veriexecgen 8 ,
.Xr fileassoc 9
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Brett Lymn Aq blymn@NetBSD.org
.An Elad Efrat Aq elad@NetBSD.org
.Sh CAVEATS
There are two known issues with
.Em Veriexec
that should be considered when using it.
.Ss Remote File-systems
There is an issue providing protection for files residing on mounts from
remote hosts.
Because access to the file-system does not necessarily go through
.Nm ,
there is no way to track on-disk changes.
While it is possible to minimize the effect by evaluating the file's
fingerprint on each access without caching the result, a problem arises when
a file is overwritten after its fingerprint has been evaluated and it is
running on the local host.
.Pp
An attacker could potentially overwrite the file contents in the remote host
at that point, and force a flush on the local host, resulting in paging in
of the files from the disk, introducing malicious code into a supposedly
safe address space.
.Pp
There is a fix for this issue, however due to dependencies on other work
that is still in progress it has not been committed yet.
.Ss Layered File-systems
Due to VFS limitations,
.Nm
cannot track the same on-disk file across multiple layers of overlay
file-systems.
Therefore, you cannot expect changes to files on overlay mounts will be
detected simply because the underlying mount is monitored by
.Nm .
.Pp
A workaround for this issue is listing all files, under all mounts, you want
monitored in the signature file.