1 $NetBSD: HPMMU.notes,v 1.4 2001/09/16 16:34:29 wiz Exp $
6 (Some of this is gleaned from an article in the September 1986
7 Hewlett-Packard Journal and info in the July 1987 HP Communicator)
9 Page and segment table entries mimic the Motorola 68851 PMMU,
10 in an effort at upward compatibility. The HP MMU uses a two
11 level translation scheme. There are separate (but equal!)
12 translation tables for both supervisor and user modes. At the
13 lowest level are page tables. Each page table consists of one
14 or more 4k pages of 1024x4 byte page table entries. Each PTE
15 maps one 4k page of VA space. At the highest level is the
16 segment table. The segment table is a single 4K page of 1024x4
17 byte entries. Each entry points to a 4k page of PTEs. Hence
18 one STE maps 4Mb of VA space and one page of STEs is sufficient
19 to map the entire 4Gb address space (what a coincidence!). The
20 unused valid bit in page and segment table entries must be
23 There are separate translation lookaside buffers for the user
24 and supervisor modes, each containing 1024 entries.
26 To augment the 68020's instruction cache, the HP CPU has an
27 external cache. A direct-mapped, virtual cache implementation
28 is used with 16 Kbytes of cache on 320 systems and 32 Kbytes on
29 350 systems. Each cache entry can contain instructions or data,
30 from either user or supervisor space. Separate valid bits are
31 kept for user and supervisor entries, allowing for descriminatory
32 flushing of the cache.
34 MMU translation and cache-miss detection are done in parallel.
37 Segment table entries:
40 bits 31-12: Physical page frame number of PT page
41 bits 11-4: Reserved at zero
42 (can software use them?)
43 bit 3: Reserved at one
44 bit 2: Set to 1 if segment is read-only, ow read-write
52 bits 31-12: Physical page frame number of page
53 bits 11-7: Available for software use
54 bit 6: If 1, inhibits caching of data in this page.
55 (both instruction and external cache)
56 bit 5: Reserved at zero
57 bit 4: Hardware modify bit
58 bit 3: Hardware reference bit
59 bit 2: Set to 1 if page is read-only, ow read-write
67 The hardware has four longword registers controlling the MMU.
68 The registers can be accessed as shortwords also (remember to
69 add 2 to addresses given below).
71 5F4000: Supervisor mode segment table pointer. Loaded (as longword)
72 with page frame number (i.e. Physaddr >> 12) of the segment
73 table mapping supervisor space.
74 5F4004: User mode segment table pointer. Loaded (as longword) with
75 page frame number of the segment table mapping user space.
76 5F4008: TLB control register. Used to invalid large sections of the
78 5F400C: MMU command/status register. Defined as follows:
80 bit 15: If 1, indicates a page table fault occurred
81 bit 14: If 1, indicates a page fault occurred
82 bit 13: If 1, indicates a protection fault (write to RO page)
83 bit 6: MC68881 enable. Tied to chip enable line.
84 (set this bit to enable)
85 bit 5: MC68020 instruction cache enable. Tied to Insruction
86 cache disable line. (set this bit to enable)
87 bit 3: If 1, indicates an MMU related bus error occurred.
88 Bits 13-15 are now valid.
89 bit 2: External cache enable. (set this bit to enable)
90 bit 1: Supervisor mapping enable. Enables translation of
92 bit 0: User mapping enable. Enables translation of user
96 Any bits set by the hardware are cleared only by software.
97 (i.e. bits 3,13,14,15)
103 Read the TLB control register (5F4008) as a longword.
105 User translations only:
106 Write a longword 0 to TLB register or set the user
107 segment table pointer.
109 Supervisor translations only:
110 Write a longword 0x8000 to TLB register or set the
111 supervisor segment table pointer.
113 A particular VA translation:
114 Set destination function code to 3 ("purge" space),
115 write a longword 0 to the VA whose translation we are to
116 invalidate, and restore function code. This apparently
117 invalidates any translation for that VA in both the user
118 and supervisor LB. Here is what I did:
123 movl sp@(4),a0 | VA to invalidate
124 moveq #FC_PURGE,d0 | change address space
125 movc d0,dfc | for destination
126 moveq #0,d0 | zero to invalidate?
127 movsl d0,a0@ | hit it
128 moveq #FC_USERD,d0 | back to old
129 movc d0,dfc | address space
133 Invalidating the external cache:
134 ------------ --- -------- -----
137 Toggle the cache enable bit (bit 2) in the MMU control
138 register (5F400C). Can be done by ANDing and ORing the
142 Change the user segment table pointer register (5F4004),
143 i.e. read the current value and write it back.
146 Change the supervisor segment table pointer register
147 (5F4000), i.e. read the current value and write it back.