1 * $NetBSD: README,v 1.3 1995/11/05 00:35:09 briggs Exp $
2 * NetBSD/m68k FPE (floating point emulation) README file
3 * Created Oct/??/95 by kenn@remus.rutgers.edu (Ken Nakata)
4 * Last updated Nov/04/95 by kenn
6 1. INSTALLATION AND COMPILATION
8 To compile a kernel with FPE built-in, do the following:
10 1) Add a line "options FPU_EMULATE" to your config file. If you are
11 going to use the resulted kernel on a machine with an FPU for
12 debugging purpose, add "options DEBUG_WITH_FPU" as well.
14 2) Follow the usual procedure to build a new kernel.
16 NOTE: If you add "options DEBUG_WITH_FPU", FPE will accept cpID=6 as
17 emulated FPU. You will need a modified gas that generates cpID=6 for
18 floating point instructions, instead of normal cpID=1. Mount unionfs
19 or copy the gas source directory and apply the following patch:
21 *** /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/gas/config/tc-m68k.c Mon Nov 21 16:30:41 1994
22 --- gas/config/tc-m68k.c Fri Sep 29 07:59:06 1995
25 /* memcpy((char *)(&the_ins.operands[1]), (char *)(&the_ins.operands[0]), opsfound*sizeof(the_ins.operands[0])); */
26 memset((char *)(&the_ins.operands[0]), '\0', sizeof(the_ins.operands[0]));
27 the_ins.operands[0].mode=MSCR;
28 ! the_ins.operands[0].reg=COPNUM; /* COP #1 */
33 /* memcpy((char *)(&the_ins.operands[1]), (char *)(&the_ins.operands[0]), opsfound*sizeof(the_ins.operands[0])); */
34 memset((char *)(&the_ins.operands[0]), '\0', sizeof(the_ins.operands[0]));
35 the_ins.operands[0].mode=MSCR;
36 ! the_ins.operands[0].reg=COP5; /* COP #6 */
41 Also, with the DEBUG_WITH_FPU option, you will be able to run only ONE
42 process that uses FPE at once to get correct results.
47 For missing instructions, refer to the Section 3. Other than that,
48 there is one thing that is missing from this version of FPE: packed
51 I have no plan to support it since it's rarely used. However, all we
52 need to support it is explosion/implosion functions between the
53 internal FP representation and the m68k PBCD format, so you are more
54 than welcome to write such functions if you wish to.
57 3. IMPLEMENTED INSTRUCTIONS
59 This is the list of implemented and unimplemented FPU instructions.
60 All 040's directly supported type 0 instructions are already
61 implemented except FSGLDIV and FSGLMUL.
63 Type field = bit 8-6 of opcode word
65 * Implemented Instructions
67 Type=0: FMOVE (mem->FPr), FINT, FINTRZ, FSQRT, FABS, FNEG, FGETEXP,
68 FGETMAN, FDIV, FADD, FMUL, FSGLDIV(*), FSCALE, FSGLMUL(*), FSUB,
69 FCMP, FTST, FMOVE (FPr->mem), FMOVEM (FPr), FMOVEM (FPcr),
70 FMOVECR, FLOGNP1, FLOGN, FLOG10, FLOG2, FMOD, FREM
72 Type=1: FDBcc, FScc, FTRAPcc,
74 Type=2: FBcc (word, incl. FNOP)
82 *: currently FSGLMUL and FSGLDIV are just aliases of
83 FMUL and FDIV, respectively
85 * Unimplemented Instructions
87 Type=0: FSINH, FETOXM1, FTANH, FATAN, FASIN, FATANH, FSIN, FTAN,
88 FETOX, FTWOTOX, FTENTOX, FCOSH, FACOS, FCOS, FSINCOS
101 4. HOW TO ADD A NEW INSTRUCTION SUPPORT
103 Since we need not support FSAVE and FRESTORE operations, all
104 instructions we have to implement are type 0, all of which are
105 arithmetic operations. It is particularly easy to add a new
106 arithmetic instruction to the existing ones (not that it is easy to
107 write a "stable" function to perform floating point operation. That's
108 entirely another matter). In "fpu_emulate.c", there's a function
109 fpu_emul_arith() which calls emulation functions for all arithmetic
110 operations. In it, there's a large switch() { case ... } which
111 dispatches each instruction emulator. An emulation function of any
112 type 0 arithmetic instruction follows this prototype:
114 struct fpn *fpu_op(struct fpemu *fe);
116 Where fe is a pointer to a struct fpemu in which frame, fpframe, and
117 fetched operands are accessible. That's right, you don't have to
118 fetch the operands by yourself in your emulation funtion. For
119 instance, the parts calling FSQRT, FSUB, FADD and FTST look like:
121 switch(word1 & 0x3F) {
123 case 0x04: /* fsqrt */
127 case 0x28: /* fsub */
128 fe->fe_f2.fp_sign = !fe->fe_f2.fp_sign; /* f2 = -f2 */
129 case 0x22: /* fadd */
133 case 0x3A: /* ftst */
142 Here, fe->fe_f1 and fe->fe_f2 are fetched operands. You can use
143 fe->fe_f3 for storing the result, or you can return a pointer to
144 either operand if you want to. At any rate, you have to follow
147 1) A dyadic instruction takes two operands fe->fe_f1 and fe->fe_f2.
148 2) A monadic instruction takes one operands fe->fe_f2 (NOT fe_f1).
149 3) Must return a pointer to struct fpn where the result is stored,
150 and assign the pointer to the variable "res".
151 4) If exceptions are detected, set corresponding bits in fe->fe_fpsr.
152 The rest is taken care of in fpu_emul_arith().
153 5) Condition code need not be calculated. It's taken care of in
156 Actually, after above was written, stubs for the missing functions were
157 added to the source, so you do not have to change fpu_emul_arith() at
158 all. Function names and prototypes are in fpu_arith_proto.h, and all
159 except fpu_sincos() follow the rules above. fpu_sincos() is declared
162 struct fpn *fpu_sincos(struct fpemu *fe, int cosreg);
164 where cosreg is the FP register number to which cosine of the argument
165 is calculated and assigned. Sine of the argument is stored into the
166 destination register in the same manner as the other arithmetic