1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
4 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
6 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
7 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
11 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
12 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
13 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
14 software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
15 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
16 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
17 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
18 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
21 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
22 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
23 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
24 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
25 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
26 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
28 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
29 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
30 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
31 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
33 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
34 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
35 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
36 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
39 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
40 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
41 distribute and/or modify the software.
43 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
44 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
45 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
46 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
47 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
50 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
51 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
52 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
53 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
54 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
56 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
59 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
60 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
62 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
63 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
64 under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
65 refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
66 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
67 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
68 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
69 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
70 the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
72 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
73 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
74 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
75 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
76 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
77 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
79 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
80 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
81 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
82 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
83 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
84 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
85 along with the Program.
87 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
88 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
90 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
91 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
92 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
93 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
95 a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
96 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
98 b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
99 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
100 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
101 parties under the terms of this License.
103 c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
104 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
105 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
106 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
107 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
108 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
109 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
110 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
111 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
112 the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
114 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
115 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
116 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
117 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
118 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
119 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
120 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
121 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
122 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
124 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
125 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
126 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
127 collective works based on the Program.
129 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
130 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
131 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
132 the scope of this License.
134 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
135 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
136 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
138 a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
139 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
140 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
142 b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
143 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
144 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
145 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
146 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
147 customarily used for software interchange; or,
149 c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
150 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
151 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
152 received the program in object code or executable form with such
153 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
155 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
156 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
157 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
158 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
159 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
160 special exception, the source code distributed need not include
161 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
162 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
163 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
164 itself accompanies the executable.
166 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
167 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
168 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
169 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
170 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
172 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
173 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
174 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
175 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
176 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
177 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
178 parties remain in full compliance.
180 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
181 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
182 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
183 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
184 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
185 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
186 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
187 the Program or works based on it.
189 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
190 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
191 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
192 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
193 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
194 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
197 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
198 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
199 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
200 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
201 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
202 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
203 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
204 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
205 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
206 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
207 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
208 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
210 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
211 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
212 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
215 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
216 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
217 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
218 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
219 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
220 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
221 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
222 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
223 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
226 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
227 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
229 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
230 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
231 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
232 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
233 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
234 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
235 the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
237 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
238 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
239 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
240 address new problems or concerns.
242 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
243 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
244 later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
245 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
246 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
247 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
250 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
251 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
252 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
253 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
254 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
255 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
256 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
260 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
261 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
262 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
263 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
264 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
265 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
266 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
267 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
268 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
270 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
271 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
272 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
273 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
274 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
275 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
276 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
277 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
278 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
280 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
282 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
284 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
285 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
286 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
288 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
289 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
290 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
291 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
293 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
294 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
296 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
297 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
298 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
299 (at your option) any later version.
301 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
302 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
303 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
304 GNU General Public License for more details.
306 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
307 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
308 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
311 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
313 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
314 when it starts in an interactive mode:
316 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
317 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
318 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
319 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
321 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
322 parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
323 be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
324 mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
326 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
327 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
328 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
330 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
331 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
333 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
334 Ty Coon, President of Vice
336 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
337 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
338 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
339 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
340 Public License instead of this License.
342 0.1 GNU Free Documentation License
343 ==================================
345 Version 1.2, November 2002
347 Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
348 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
350 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
351 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
355 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
356 functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
357 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
358 with or without modifying it, either commercially or
359 noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
360 author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
361 being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
363 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
364 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
365 It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
366 license designed for free software.
368 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
369 free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
370 free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
371 that the software does. But this License is not limited to
372 software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
373 of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book.
374 We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
375 instruction or reference.
377 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
379 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
380 that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it
381 can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
382 grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
383 to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The
384 "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
385 of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You
386 accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a
387 way requiring permission under copyright law.
389 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
390 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
391 modifications and/or translated into another language.
393 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
394 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
395 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
396 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
397 fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document
398 is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
399 explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
400 historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
401 of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
404 The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
405 titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in
406 the notice that says that the Document is released under this
407 License. If a section does not fit the above definition of
408 Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant.
409 The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document
410 does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
412 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
413 listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
414 that says that the Document is released under this License. A
415 Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
418 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
419 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
420 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
421 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
422 composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some
423 widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to
424 text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of
425 formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an
426 otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of
427 markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent
428 modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is
429 not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A
430 copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
432 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
433 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
434 SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
435 standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for
436 human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include
437 PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that
438 can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or
439 XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
440 available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF
441 produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
443 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
444 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
445 material this License requires to appear in the title page. For
446 works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
447 Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
448 work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
450 A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document
451 whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
452 following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ
453 stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
454 "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)
455 To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
456 Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
459 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
460 which states that this License applies to the Document. These
461 Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
462 this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
463 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
464 has no effect on the meaning of this License.
468 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
469 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
470 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
471 applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
472 add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You
473 may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
474 or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
475 you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you
476 distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow
477 the conditions in section 3.
479 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
480 and you may publicly display copies.
482 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
484 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
485 have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
486 the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
487 enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
488 these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
489 Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
490 and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The
491 front cover must present the full title with all words of the
492 title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material
493 on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the
494 covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
495 satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in
498 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
499 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
500 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
503 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
504 numbering more than 100, you must either include a
505 machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or
506 state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from
507 which the general network-using public has access to download
508 using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent
509 copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
510 latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you
511 begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that
512 this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
513 location until at least one year after the last time you
514 distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or
515 retailers) of that edition to the public.
517 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
518 the Document well before redistributing any large number of
519 copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated
520 version of the Document.
524 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
525 under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
526 release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with
527 the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus
528 licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to
529 whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these
530 things in the Modified Version:
532 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
533 distinct from that of the Document, and from those of
534 previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed
535 in the History section of the Document). You may use the
536 same title as a previous version if the original publisher of
537 that version gives permission.
539 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
540 entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
541 the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
542 principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
543 authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
544 from this requirement.
546 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
547 Modified Version, as the publisher.
549 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
551 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
552 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
554 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
555 notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
556 Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
559 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
560 Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
563 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
565 I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
566 and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
567 authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on
568 the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in
569 the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors,
570 and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page,
571 then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in
572 the previous sentence.
574 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
575 for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
576 likewise the network locations given in the Document for
577 previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in
578 the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a
579 work that was published at least four years before the
580 Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version
581 it refers to gives permission.
583 K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
584 Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the
585 section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
586 acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
588 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
589 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
590 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section
593 M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
594 may not be included in the Modified Version.
596 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
597 "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
600 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
602 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
603 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
604 material copied from the Document, you may at your option
605 designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this,
606 add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
607 Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any
608 other section titles.
610 You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
611 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
612 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
613 has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
614 definition of a standard.
616 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
617 and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end
618 of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one
619 passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
620 added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
621 Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
622 previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity
623 you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
624 replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
625 publisher that added the old one.
627 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
628 License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
629 assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
631 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
633 You may combine the Document with other documents released under
634 this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
635 modified versions, provided that you include in the combination
636 all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
637 unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
638 combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
639 their Warranty Disclaimers.
641 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
642 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
643 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
644 but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
645 by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
646 original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
647 unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
648 the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
651 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
652 "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
653 Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
654 "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You
655 must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."
657 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
659 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
660 documents released under this License, and replace the individual
661 copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
662 that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
663 rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the
664 documents in all other respects.
666 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
667 distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
668 a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow
669 this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of
672 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
674 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
675 separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
676 a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
677 copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
678 legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
679 works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
680 License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
681 are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
683 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
684 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
685 of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed
686 on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
687 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
688 form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
693 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
694 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
695 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
696 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
697 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
698 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
699 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
700 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
701 include the original English version of this License and the
702 original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
703 disagreement between the translation and the original version of
704 this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
707 If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
708 "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to
709 Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
714 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
715 except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other
716 attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is
717 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
718 License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
719 from you under this License will not have their licenses
720 terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
722 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
724 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
725 the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
726 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
727 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
728 `http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/'.
730 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
731 number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
732 version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
733 have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
734 that specified version or of any later version that has been
735 published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If
736 the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
737 you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
738 Free Software Foundation.
740 0.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
741 ----------------------------------------------------------
743 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
744 the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
745 notices just after the title page:
747 Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
748 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
749 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
750 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
751 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
752 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
753 Free Documentation License''.
755 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
756 Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
758 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
759 the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
762 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
763 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
766 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
767 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
768 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to
769 permit their use in free software.
772 ====================================================================
774 GNU Free Documentation License
775 Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
778 Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
780 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
781 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
785 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
786 functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
787 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
788 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
789 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
790 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
791 for modifications made by others.
793 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
794 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
795 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
796 license designed for free software.
798 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
799 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
800 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
801 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
802 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
803 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
804 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
807 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
809 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
810 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
811 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
812 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
813 work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
814 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
815 licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
816 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
819 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
820 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
821 modifications and/or translated into another language.
823 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
824 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
825 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
826 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
827 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
828 part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
829 any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
830 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
831 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
834 The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
835 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
836 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
837 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
838 allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
839 Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
840 Sections then there are none.
842 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
843 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
844 the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
845 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
847 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
848 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
849 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
850 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
851 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
852 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
853 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
854 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
855 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
856 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
857 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
858 of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
860 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
861 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
862 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
863 HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
864 transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
865 include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
866 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
867 processing tools are not generally available, and the
868 machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
869 processors for output purposes only.
871 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
872 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
873 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
874 formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
875 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
876 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
878 The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of
879 the Document to the public.
881 A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
882 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
883 text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
884 specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
885 "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"
886 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
887 section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
889 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
890 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
891 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
892 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
893 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
894 no effect on the meaning of this License.
898 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
899 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
900 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
901 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no
902 other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
903 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
904 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
905 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
906 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
908 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
909 you may publicly display copies.
912 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
914 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
915 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
916 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
917 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
918 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
919 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
920 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
921 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
922 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
923 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
924 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
925 as verbatim copying in other respects.
927 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
928 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
929 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
932 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
933 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
934 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
935 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
936 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
937 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
938 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
939 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
940 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
941 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
942 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
943 edition to the public.
945 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
946 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
947 give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
953 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
954 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
955 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
956 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
957 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
958 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
960 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
961 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
962 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
963 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
964 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
965 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
966 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
967 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
968 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
969 unless they release you from this requirement.
970 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
971 Modified Version, as the publisher.
972 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
973 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
974 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
975 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
976 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
977 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
978 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
979 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
980 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
981 I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
982 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
983 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
984 there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
985 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
986 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
987 Version as stated in the previous sentence.
988 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
989 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
990 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
991 it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
992 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
993 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
994 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
995 K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
996 Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
997 the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
998 and/or dedications given therein.
999 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
1000 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
1001 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
1002 M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
1003 may not be included in the Modified Version.
1004 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
1005 or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
1006 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
1008 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
1009 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
1010 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
1011 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
1012 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
1013 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
1015 You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
1016 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
1017 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
1018 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
1021 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
1022 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
1023 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
1024 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
1025 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
1026 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
1027 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
1028 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
1029 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
1031 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
1032 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
1033 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
1036 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
1038 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
1039 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
1040 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
1041 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
1042 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
1043 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
1045 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
1046 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
1047 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
1048 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
1049 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
1050 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
1051 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
1052 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
1054 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
1055 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
1056 "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
1057 and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
1058 Entitled "Endorsements".
1061 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
1063 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
1064 documents released under this License, and replace the individual
1065 copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
1066 that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules
1067 of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
1070 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
1071 distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
1072 copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
1073 License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
1077 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
1079 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
1080 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
1081 distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
1082 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
1083 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
1084 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
1085 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
1086 derivative works of the Document.
1088 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
1089 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
1090 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
1091 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
1092 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
1093 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
1099 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
1100 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
1101 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
1102 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
1103 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
1104 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
1105 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
1106 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
1107 the original English version of this License and the original versions
1108 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
1109 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
1110 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
1112 If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
1113 "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
1114 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
1120 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
1121 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
1122 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
1123 will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
1125 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
1126 from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
1127 unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
1128 terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
1129 fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
1130 60 days after the cessation.
1132 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
1133 reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
1134 violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
1135 received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
1136 copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
1137 your receipt of the notice.
1139 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
1140 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
1141 this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
1142 reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
1143 not give you any rights to use it.
1146 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
1148 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
1149 GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
1150 will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
1151 detail to address new problems or concerns. See
1152 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
1154 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
1155 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
1156 License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
1157 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
1158 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
1159 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
1160 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
1161 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
1162 specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
1163 License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
1164 version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
1169 "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
1170 World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
1171 provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
1172 public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
1173 "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site
1174 means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.
1176 "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
1177 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
1178 corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
1179 California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
1180 published by that same organization.
1182 "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in
1183 part, as part of another Document.
1185 An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this
1186 License, and if all works that were first published under this License
1187 somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or
1188 in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and
1189 (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
1191 The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
1192 under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
1193 provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
1196 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
1198 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
1199 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
1200 license notices just after the title page:
1202 Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
1203 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
1204 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
1205 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
1206 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
1207 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
1208 Free Documentation License".
1210 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
1211 replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
1213 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
1214 Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
1216 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
1217 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
1220 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
1221 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
1222 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
1223 to permit their use in free software.