1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
3 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02111-1301 USA
5 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
6 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
8 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
9 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
10 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
11 software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
12 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
13 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
14 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
15 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
17 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
18 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
19 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
20 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
21 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
22 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
23 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
24 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
25 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
26 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
27 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
28 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
29 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
30 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
32 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
33 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
34 distribute and/or modify the software.
35 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
36 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
37 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
38 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
39 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
41 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
42 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
43 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
44 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
45 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
46 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
49 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
50 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
51 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
52 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
53 under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
54 refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
55 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
56 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
57 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
58 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
59 the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
60 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
61 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
62 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
63 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
64 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
65 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
66 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
67 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
68 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
69 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
70 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
71 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
72 along with the Program.
73 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
74 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
75 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
76 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
77 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
78 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
79 a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
80 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
81 b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
82 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
83 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
84 parties under the terms of this License.
85 c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
86 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
87 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
88 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
89 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
90 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
91 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
92 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
93 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
94 the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
96 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
97 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
98 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
99 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
100 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
101 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
102 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
103 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
104 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
105 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
106 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
107 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
108 collective works based on the Program.
109 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
110 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
111 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
112 the scope of this License.
113 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
114 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
115 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
116 a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
117 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
118 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
119 b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
120 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
121 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
122 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
123 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
124 customarily used for software interchange; or,
125 c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
126 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
127 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
128 received the program in object code or executable form with such
129 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
130 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
131 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
132 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
133 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
134 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
135 special exception, the source code distributed need not include
136 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
137 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
138 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
139 itself accompanies the executable.
140 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
141 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
142 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
143 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
144 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
146 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
147 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
148 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
149 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
150 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
151 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
152 parties remain in full compliance.
153 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
154 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
155 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
156 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
157 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
158 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
159 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
160 the Program or works based on it.
161 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
162 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
163 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
164 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
165 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
166 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
168 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
169 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
170 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
171 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
172 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
173 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
174 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
175 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
176 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
177 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
178 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
179 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
180 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
181 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
182 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
184 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
185 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
186 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
187 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
188 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
189 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
190 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
191 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
192 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
194 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
195 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
197 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
198 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
199 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
200 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
201 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
202 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
203 the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
204 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
205 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
206 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
207 address new problems or concerns.
208 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
209 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
210 later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
211 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
212 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
213 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
215 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
216 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
217 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
218 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
219 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
220 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
221 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
223 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
224 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
225 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
226 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
227 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
228 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
229 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
230 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
231 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
232 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
233 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
234 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
235 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
236 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
237 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
238 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
239 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
240 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
241 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
243 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
244 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
245 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
246 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
247 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
248 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
249 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
250 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
251 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
252 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
253 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
254 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
255 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
256 (at your option) any later version.
257 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
258 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
259 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
260 GNU General Public License for more details.
261 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
262 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
263 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02111-1301 USA
264 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
265 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
266 when it starts in an interactive mode:
267 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
268 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
269 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
270 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
271 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
272 parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
273 be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
274 mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
275 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
276 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
277 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
278 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
279 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
280 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
281 Ty Coon, President of Vice
282 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
283 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
284 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
285 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
286 Public License instead of this License.