1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
2 Version 3, 29 June 2007
4 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
5 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
6 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
10 The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
11 software and other kinds of works.
13 The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
14 to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
15 the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
16 share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
17 software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
18 GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
19 any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
22 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
23 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
24 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
25 them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
26 want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
27 free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
29 To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
30 these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have
31 certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
32 you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
34 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
35 gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
36 freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
37 or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
40 Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
41 (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
42 giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
44 For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
45 that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and
46 authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
47 changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
48 authors of previous versions.
50 Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
51 modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
52 can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
53 protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic
54 pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
55 use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we
56 have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
57 products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
58 stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
59 of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
61 Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
62 States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
63 software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
64 avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
65 make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that
66 patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
68 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
75 "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
77 "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
78 works, such as semiconductor masks.
80 "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
81 License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
82 "recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
84 To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
85 in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
86 exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
87 earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
89 A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
92 To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
93 permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
94 infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
95 computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
96 distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
97 public, and in some countries other activities as well.
99 To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
100 parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through
101 a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
103 An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
104 to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
105 feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
106 tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
107 extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
108 work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
109 the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
110 menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
114 The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
115 for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source
118 A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
119 standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
120 interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
121 is widely used among developers working in that language.
123 The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
124 than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
125 packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
126 Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
127 Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
128 implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
129 "Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
130 (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
131 (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
132 produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
134 The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
135 the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
136 work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
137 control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
138 System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
139 programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
140 which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
141 includes interface definition files associated with source files for
142 the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
143 linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
144 such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
145 subprograms and other parts of the work.
147 The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
148 can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
151 The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
154 2. Basic Permissions.
156 All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
157 copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
158 conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
159 permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
160 covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
161 content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
162 rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
164 You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
165 convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
166 in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
167 of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
168 with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
169 the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
170 not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works
171 for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
172 and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
173 your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
175 Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
176 the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
177 makes it unnecessary.
179 3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
181 No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
182 measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
183 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
184 similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
187 When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
188 circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
189 is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
190 the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
191 modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
192 users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
193 technological measures.
195 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
197 You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
198 receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
199 appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
200 keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
201 non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
202 keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
203 recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
205 You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
206 and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
208 5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
210 You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
211 produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
212 terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
214 a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
215 it, and giving a relevant date.
217 b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
218 released under this License and any conditions added under section
219 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
220 "keep intact all notices".
222 c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
223 License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
224 License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
225 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
226 regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
227 permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
228 invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
230 d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
231 Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
232 interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
233 work need not make them do so.
235 A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
236 works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
237 and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
238 in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
239 "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
240 used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
241 beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
242 in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
243 parts of the aggregate.
245 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
247 You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
248 of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
249 machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
250 in one of these ways:
252 a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
253 (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
254 Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
255 customarily used for software interchange.
257 b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
258 (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
259 written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
260 long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
261 model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
262 copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
263 product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
264 medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
265 more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
266 conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
267 Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
269 c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
270 written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
271 alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
272 only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
275 d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
276 place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
277 Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
278 further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
279 Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
280 copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
281 may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
282 that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
283 clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
284 Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
285 Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
286 available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
288 e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
289 you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
290 Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
291 charge under subsection 6d.
293 A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
294 from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
295 included in conveying the object code work.
297 A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
298 tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
299 or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
300 into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
301 doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
302 product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
303 typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
304 of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
305 actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product
306 is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
307 commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
308 the only significant mode of use of the product.
310 "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
311 procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
312 and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
313 a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
314 suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
315 code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
316 modification has been made.
318 If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
319 specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
320 part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
321 User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
322 fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
323 Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
324 by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
325 if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
326 modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
327 been installed in ROM).
329 The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
330 requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
331 for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
332 the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
333 network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
334 adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
335 protocols for communication across the network.
337 Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
338 in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
339 documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
340 source code form), and must require no special password or key for
341 unpacking, reading or copying.
345 "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
346 License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
347 Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
348 be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
349 that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
350 apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
351 under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
352 this License without regard to the additional permissions.
354 When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
355 remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
356 it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
357 removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
358 additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
359 for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
361 Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
362 add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
363 that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
365 a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
366 terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
368 b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
369 author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
370 Notices displayed by works containing it; or
372 c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
373 requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
374 reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
376 d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
377 authors of the material; or
379 e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
380 trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
382 f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
383 material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
384 it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
385 any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
386 those licensors and authors.
388 All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
389 restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
390 received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
391 governed by this License along with a term that is a further
392 restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
393 a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
394 License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
395 of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
396 not survive such relicensing or conveying.
398 If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
399 must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
400 additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
401 where to find the applicable terms.
403 Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
404 form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
405 the above requirements apply either way.
409 You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
410 provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
411 modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
412 this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
413 paragraph of section 11).
415 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
416 license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
417 provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
418 finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
419 holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
420 prior to 60 days after the cessation.
422 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
423 reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
424 violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
425 received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
426 copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
427 your receipt of the notice.
429 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
430 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
431 this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
432 reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
433 material under section 10.
435 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
437 You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
438 run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
439 occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
440 to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
441 nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
442 modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
443 not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
444 covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
446 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
448 Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
449 receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
450 propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
451 for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
453 An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
454 organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
455 organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
456 work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
457 transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
458 licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
459 give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
460 Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
461 the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
463 You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
464 rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
465 not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
466 rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
467 (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
468 any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
469 sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
473 A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
474 License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
475 work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
477 A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
478 owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
479 hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
480 by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
481 but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
482 consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
483 purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
484 patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
487 Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
488 patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
489 make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
490 propagate the contents of its contributor version.
492 In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
493 agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
494 (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
495 sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
496 party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
497 patent against the party.
499 If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
500 and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
501 to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
502 publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
503 then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
504 available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
505 patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
506 consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
507 license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
508 actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
509 covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
510 in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
511 country that you have reason to believe are valid.
513 If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
514 arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
515 covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
516 receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
517 or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
518 you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
519 work and works based on it.
521 A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
522 the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
523 conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
524 specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
525 work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
526 in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
527 to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
528 the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
529 parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
530 patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
531 conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
532 for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
533 contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
534 or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
536 Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
537 any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
538 otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
540 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
542 If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
543 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
544 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
545 covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
546 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
547 not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
548 to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
549 the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
550 License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
552 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
554 Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
555 permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
556 under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
557 combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
558 License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
559 but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
560 section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
563 14. Revised Versions of this License.
565 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
566 the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
567 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
568 address new problems or concerns.
570 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
571 Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
572 Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
573 option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
574 version or of any later version published by the Free Software
575 Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
576 GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
577 by the Free Software Foundation.
579 If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
580 versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
581 public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
582 to choose that version for the Program.
584 Later license versions may give you additional or different
585 permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
586 author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
589 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
591 THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
592 APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
593 HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
594 OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
595 THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
596 PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
597 IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
598 ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
600 16. Limitation of Liability.
602 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
603 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
604 THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
605 GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
606 USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
607 DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
608 PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
609 EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
612 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
614 If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
615 above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
616 reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
617 an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
618 Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
619 copy of the Program in return for a fee.
621 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
623 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
625 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
626 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
627 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
629 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
630 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
631 state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
632 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
634 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
635 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
637 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
638 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
639 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
640 (at your option) any later version.
642 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
643 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
644 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
645 GNU General Public License for more details.
647 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
648 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
650 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
652 If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
653 notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
655 <program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
656 This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
657 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
658 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
660 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
661 parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
662 might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
664 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
665 if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
666 For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
667 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
669 The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
670 into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
671 may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
672 the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
673 Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
674 <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
675 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
676 Version 2.1, February 1999
678 Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
679 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
680 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
681 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
683 [This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
684 as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence
685 the version number 2.1.]
689 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
690 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
691 Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
692 free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
694 This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
695 specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the
696 Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You
697 can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether
698 this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better
699 strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.
701 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
702 not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
703 you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge
704 for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get
705 it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of
706 it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do
709 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
710 distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
711 rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for
712 you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.
714 For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
715 or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
716 you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
717 code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide
718 complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them
719 with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling
720 it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
722 We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the
723 library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal
724 permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
726 To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that
727 there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is
728 modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know
729 that what they have is not the original version, so that the original
730 author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be
731 introduced by others.
733 Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of
734 any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot
735 effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a
736 restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that
737 any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be
738 consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.
740 Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the
741 ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser
742 General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and
743 is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use
744 this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those
745 libraries into non-free programs.
747 When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using
748 a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a
749 combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary
750 General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the
751 entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General
752 Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with
755 We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it
756 does Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General
757 Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less
758 of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages
759 are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many
760 libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain
761 special circumstances.
763 For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to
764 encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes
765 a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be
766 allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free
767 library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this
768 case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free
769 software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.
771 In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free
772 programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of
773 free software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in
774 non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU
775 operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating
778 Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the
779 users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is
780 linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run
781 that program using a modified version of the Library.
783 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
784 modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a
785 "work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library". The
786 former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must
787 be combined with the library in order to run.
789 ========================================================================
791 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
792 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
794 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other
795 program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or
796 other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of
797 this Lesser General Public License (also called "this License").
798 Each licensee is addressed as "you".
800 A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data
801 prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs
802 (which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.
804 The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work
805 which has been distributed under these terms. A "work based on the
806 Library" means either the Library or any derivative work under
807 copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a
808 portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated
809 straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
810 included without limitation in the term "modification".)
812 "Source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for
813 making modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means
814 all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated
815 interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation
816 and installation of the library.
818 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
819 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
820 running a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from
821 such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based
822 on the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for
823 writing it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does
824 and what the program that uses the Library does.
826 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's
827 complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that
828 you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
829 appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact
830 all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
831 warranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the
834 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
835 and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a
838 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion
839 of it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and
840 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
841 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
843 a) The modified work must itself be a software library.
845 b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices
846 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
848 c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no
849 charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
851 d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a
852 table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses
853 the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility
854 is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,
855 in the event an application does not supply such function or
856 table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of
857 its purpose remains meaningful.
859 (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has
860 a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the
861 application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any
862 application-supplied function or table used by this function must
863 be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square
864 root function must still compute square roots.)
866 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
867 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,
868 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
869 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
870 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
871 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
872 on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
873 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
874 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
877 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
878 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
879 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
880 collective works based on the Library.
882 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library
883 with the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of
884 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
885 the scope of this License.
887 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public
888 License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do
889 this, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so
890 that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,
891 instead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the
892 ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify
893 that version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in
896 Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for
897 that copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all
898 subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.
900 This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of
901 the Library into a program that is not a library.
903 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or
904 derivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form
905 under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany
906 it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which
907 must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
908 medium customarily used for software interchange.
910 If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy
911 from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the
912 source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to
913 distribute the source code, even though third parties are not
914 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
916 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the
917 Library, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or
918 linked with it, is called a "work that uses the Library". Such a
919 work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and
920 therefore falls outside the scope of this License.
922 However, linking a "work that uses the Library" with the Library
923 creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it
924 contains portions of the Library), rather than a "work that uses the
925 library". The executable is therefore covered by this License.
926 Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.
928 When a "work that uses the Library" uses material from a header file
929 that is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a
930 derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.
931 Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be
932 linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The
933 threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.
935 If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data
936 structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline
937 functions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object
938 file is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative
939 work. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the
940 Library will still fall under Section 6.)
942 Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may
943 distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.
944 Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,
945 whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.
947 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or
948 link a "work that uses the Library" with the Library to produce a
949 work containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work
950 under terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit
951 modification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse
952 engineering for debugging such modifications.
954 You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the
955 Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by
956 this License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work
957 during execution displays copyright notices, you must include the
958 copyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference
959 directing the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one
962 a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding
963 machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever
964 changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under
965 Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked
966 with the Library, with the complete machine-readable "work that
967 uses the Library", as object code and/or source code, so that the
968 user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified
969 executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood
970 that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the
971 Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application
972 to use the modified definitions.)
974 b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the
975 Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a
976 copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,
977 rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)
978 will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if
979 the user installs one, as long as the modified version is
980 interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.
982 c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at
983 least three years, to give the same user the materials
984 specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more
985 than the cost of performing this distribution.
987 d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy
988 from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above
989 specified materials from the same place.
991 e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these
992 materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.
994 For an executable, the required form of the "work that uses the
995 Library" must include any data and utility programs needed for
996 reproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,
997 the materials to be distributed need not include anything that is
998 normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major
999 components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on
1000 which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies
1003 It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license
1004 restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally
1005 accompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot
1006 use both them and the Library together in an executable that you
1009 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
1010 Library side-by-side in a single library together with other library
1011 facilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined
1012 library, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on
1013 the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise
1014 permitted, and provided that you do these two things:
1016 a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work
1017 based on the Library, uncombined with any other library
1018 facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the
1021 b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact
1022 that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining
1023 where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
1025 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute
1026 the Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any
1027 attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or
1028 distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your
1029 rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,
1030 or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
1031 terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
1033 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
1034 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
1035 distribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are
1036 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
1037 modifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the
1038 Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
1039 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
1040 the Library or works based on it.
1042 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the
1043 Library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
1044 original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library
1045 subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
1046 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
1047 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with
1050 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
1051 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
1052 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
1053 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
1054 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
1055 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
1056 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
1057 may not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent
1058 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by
1059 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
1060 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
1061 refrain entirely from distribution of the Library.
1063 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any
1064 particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,
1065 and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
1067 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
1068 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
1069 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
1070 integrity of the free software distribution system which is
1071 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
1072 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
1073 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
1074 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
1075 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
1078 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
1079 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
1081 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in
1082 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
1083 original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add
1084 an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,
1085 so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
1086 excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if
1087 written in the body of this License.
1089 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
1090 versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.
1091 Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,
1092 but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
1094 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library
1095 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and
1096 "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and
1097 conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
1098 the Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a
1099 license version number, you may choose any version ever published by
1100 the Free Software Foundation.
1102 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free
1103 programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,
1104 write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is
1105 copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
1106 Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our
1107 decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status
1108 of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
1109 and reuse of software generally.
1113 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
1114 WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
1115 EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
1116 OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
1117 KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
1118 IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
1119 PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
1120 LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
1121 THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
1123 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
1124 WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY
1125 AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU
1126 FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
1127 CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
1128 LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
1129 RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
1130 FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
1131 SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
1134 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1136 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
1138 If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest
1139 possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that
1140 everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting
1141 redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the
1142 ordinary General Public License).
1144 To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is
1145 safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
1146 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
1147 "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
1149 <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
1150 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
1152 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
1153 modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
1154 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
1155 version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
1157 This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
1158 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
1159 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
1160 Lesser General Public License for more details.
1162 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
1163 License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
1164 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
1166 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
1168 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
1169 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if
1170 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
1172 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
1173 library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
1175 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990
1176 Ty Coon, President of Vice
1178 That's all there is to it!