2 This package with all its parts is
4 Copyright (c) 1995 - 2013 by Steffen Beyer.
7 This package is free software; you can use, modify and redistribute
8 it under the same terms as Perl itself, i.e., under the terms of
9 the "Artistic License" or the "GNU General Public License".
11 The C library at the core of this Perl module can additionally
12 be used, modified and redistributed under the terms of the
13 "GNU Library General Public License".
15 Please refer to the files "Artistic.txt", "GNU_GPL.txt" and
16 "GNU_LGPL.txt" in this distribution, respectively, for details!
19 --- Artistic.txt ----------------------------------------------------------
24 The "Artistic License"
28 The intent of this document is to state the conditions under which a
29 Package may be copied, such that the Copyright Holder maintains some
30 semblance of artistic control over the development of the package,
31 while giving the users of the package the right to use and distribute
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33 reasonable modifications.
37 "Package" refers to the collection of files distributed by the
38 Copyright Holder, and derivatives of that collection of files
39 created through textual modification.
41 "Standard Version" refers to such a Package if it has not been
42 modified, or has been modified in accordance with the wishes
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51 "Reasonable copying fee" is whatever you can justify on the
52 basis of media cost, duplication charges, time of people involved,
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57 "Freely Available" means that no fee is charged for the item
58 itself, though there may be fees involved in handling the item.
59 It also means that recipients of the item may redistribute it
60 under the same conditions they received it.
62 1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the
63 Standard Version of this Package without restriction, provided that you
64 duplicate all of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
66 2. You may apply bug fixes, portability fixes and other modifications
67 derived from the Public Domain or from the Copyright Holder. A Package
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70 3. You may otherwise modify your copy of this Package in any way, provided
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75 a) place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise make them
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77 an equivalent medium, or placing the modifications on a major archive
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91 executable form, provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
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113 an executable of yours (by linking); this shall be construed as a mere
114 form of aggregation, provided that the complete Standard Version of the
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117 6. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as
118 output from the programs of this Package do not automatically fall
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120 them, and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this
121 Package. If such scripts or library files are aggregated with this
122 Package via the so-called "undump" or "unexec" methods of producing a
123 binary executable image, then distribution of such an image shall
124 neither be construed as a distribution of this Package nor shall it
125 fall under the restrictions of Paragraphs 3 and 4, provided that you do
126 not represent such an executable image as a Standard Version of this
129 7. C subroutines (or comparably compiled subroutines in other
130 languages) supplied by you and linked into this Package in order to
131 emulate subroutines and variables of the language defined by this
132 Package shall not be considered part of this Package, but are the
133 equivalent of input as in Paragraph 6, provided these subroutines do
134 not change the language in any way that would cause it to fail the
135 regression tests for the language.
137 8. Aggregation of this Package with a commercial distribution is always
138 permitted provided that the use of this Package is embedded; that is,
139 when no overt attempt is made to make this Package's interfaces visible
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141 construed as a distribution of this Package.
143 9. The name of the Copyright Holder may not be used to endorse or promote
144 products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
146 10. THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
147 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
148 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
153 --- GNU_GPL.txt -----------------------------------------------------------
155 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
158 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
159 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
160 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
161 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
165 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
166 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
167 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
168 software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
169 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
170 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
171 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
172 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
175 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
176 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
177 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
178 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
179 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
180 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
182 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
183 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
184 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
185 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
187 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
188 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
189 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
190 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
193 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
194 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
195 distribute and/or modify the software.
197 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
198 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
199 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
200 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
201 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
202 authors' reputations.
204 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
205 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
206 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
207 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
208 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
210 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
213 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
214 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
216 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
217 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
218 under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
219 refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
220 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
221 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
222 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
223 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
224 the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
226 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
227 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
228 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
229 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
230 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
231 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
233 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
234 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
235 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
236 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
237 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
238 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
239 along with the Program.
241 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
242 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
244 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
245 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
246 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
247 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
249 a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
250 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
252 b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
253 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
254 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
255 parties under the terms of this License.
257 c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
258 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
259 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
260 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
261 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
262 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
263 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
264 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
265 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
266 the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
268 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
269 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
270 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
271 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
272 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
273 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
274 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
275 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
276 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
278 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
279 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
280 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
281 collective works based on the Program.
283 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
284 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
285 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
286 the scope of this License.
288 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
289 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
290 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
292 a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
293 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
294 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
296 b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
297 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
298 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
299 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
300 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
301 customarily used for software interchange; or,
303 c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
304 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
305 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
306 received the program in object code or executable form with such
307 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
309 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
310 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
311 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
312 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
313 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
314 special exception, the source code distributed need not include
315 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
316 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
317 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
318 itself accompanies the executable.
320 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
321 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
322 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
323 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
324 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
326 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
327 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
328 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
329 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
330 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
331 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
332 parties remain in full compliance.
334 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
335 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
336 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
337 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
338 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
339 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
340 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
341 the Program or works based on it.
343 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
344 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
345 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
346 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
347 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
348 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
351 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
352 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
353 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
354 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
355 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
356 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
357 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
358 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
359 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
360 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
361 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
362 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
364 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
365 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
366 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
369 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
370 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
371 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
372 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
373 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
374 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
375 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
376 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
377 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
380 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
381 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
383 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
384 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
385 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
386 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
387 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
388 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
389 the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
391 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
392 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
393 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
394 address new problems or concerns.
396 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
397 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
398 later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
399 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
400 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
401 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
404 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
405 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
406 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
407 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
408 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
409 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
410 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
414 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
415 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
416 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
417 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
418 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
419 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
420 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
421 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
422 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
424 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
425 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
426 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
427 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
428 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
429 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
430 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
431 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
432 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
434 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
436 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
438 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
439 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
440 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
442 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
443 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
444 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
445 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
447 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
448 Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author>
450 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
451 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
452 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
453 (at your option) any later version.
455 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
456 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
457 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
458 GNU General Public License for more details.
460 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
461 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
462 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
465 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
467 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
468 when it starts in an interactive mode:
470 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
471 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
472 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
473 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
475 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
476 parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
477 be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
478 mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
480 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
481 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
482 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
484 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
485 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
487 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
488 Ty Coon, President of Vice
490 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
491 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
492 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
493 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
494 Public License instead of this License.
497 --- GNU_LGPL.txt ----------------------------------------------------------
499 GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
502 Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
503 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
504 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
505 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
507 [This is the first released version of the library GPL. It is
508 numbered 2 because it goes with version 2 of the ordinary GPL.]
512 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
513 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
514 Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
515 free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
517 This license, the Library General Public License, applies to some
518 specially designated Free Software Foundation software, and to any
519 other libraries whose authors decide to use it. You can use it for
522 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
523 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
524 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
525 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
526 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
527 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
529 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
530 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
531 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if
532 you distribute copies of the library, or if you modify it.
534 For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
535 or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
536 you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
537 code. If you link a program with the library, you must provide
538 complete object files to the recipients so that they can relink them
539 with the library, after making changes to the library and recompiling
540 it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
542 Our method of protecting your rights has two steps: (1) copyright
543 the library, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal
544 permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
546 Also, for each distributor's protection, we want to make certain
547 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
548 library. If the library is modified by someone else and passed on, we
549 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original
550 version, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on
551 the original authors' reputations.
553 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
554 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that companies distributing free
555 software will individually obtain patent licenses, thus in effect
556 transforming the program into proprietary software. To prevent this,
557 we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's
558 free use or not licensed at all.
560 Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the ordinary
561 GNU General Public License, which was designed for utility programs. This
562 license, the GNU Library General Public License, applies to certain
563 designated libraries. This license is quite different from the ordinary
564 one; be sure to read it in full, and don't assume that anything in it is
565 the same as in the ordinary license.
567 The reason we have a separate public license for some libraries is that
568 they blur the distinction we usually make between modifying or adding to a
569 program and simply using it. Linking a program with a library, without
570 changing the library, is in some sense simply using the library, and is
571 analogous to running a utility program or application program. However, in
572 a textual and legal sense, the linked executable is a combined work, a
573 derivative of the original library, and the ordinary General Public License
576 Because of this blurred distinction, using the ordinary General
577 Public License for libraries did not effectively promote software
578 sharing, because most developers did not use the libraries. We
579 concluded that weaker conditions might promote sharing better.
581 However, unrestricted linking of non-free programs would deprive the
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585 preserving your freedom as a user of such programs to change the free
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587 this as regards changes in header files, but we have achieved it as regards
588 changes in the actual functions of the Library.) The hope is that this
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591 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
592 modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a
593 "work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library". The
594 former contains code derived from the library, while the latter only
595 works together with the library.
597 Note that it is possible for a library to be covered by the ordinary
598 General Public License rather than by this special one.
600 GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
601 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
603 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library which
604 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized
605 party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Library
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610 prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs
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624 interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation
625 and installation of the library.
627 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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629 running a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from
630 such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based
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633 and what the program that uses the Library does.
635 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's
636 complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that
637 you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
638 appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact
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643 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
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657 c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no
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668 (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has
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979 That's all there is to it!