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1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
2 Version 2, June 1991
4 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
5 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
6 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
7 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
9 Preamble
11 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
12 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
13 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
14 software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
15 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
16 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
17 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
18 the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
19 your programs, too.
21 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
22 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
23 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
24 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
25 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
26 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
28 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
29 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
30 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
31 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
33 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
34 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
35 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
36 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
37 rights.
39 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
40 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
41 distribute and/or modify the software.
43 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
44 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
45 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
46 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
47 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
48 authors' reputations.
50 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
51 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
52 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
53 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
54 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
56 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
57 modification follow.
59 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
60 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
62 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
63 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
64 under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
65 refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
66 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
67 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
68 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
69 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
70 the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
72 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
73 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
74 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
75 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
76 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
77 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
79 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
80 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
81 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
82 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
83 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
84 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
85 along with the Program.
87 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
88 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
90 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
91 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
92 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
93 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
95 a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
96 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
98 b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
99 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
100 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
101 parties under the terms of this License.
103 c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
104 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
105 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
106 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
107 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
108 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
109 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
110 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
111 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
112 the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
114 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
115 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
116 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
117 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
118 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
119 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
120 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
121 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
122 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
124 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
125 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
126 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
127 collective works based on the Program.
129 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
130 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
131 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
132 the scope of this License.
134 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
135 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
136 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
138 a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
139 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
140 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
142 b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
143 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
144 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
145 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
146 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
147 customarily used for software interchange; or,
149 c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
150 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
151 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
152 received the program in object code or executable form with such
153 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
155 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
156 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
157 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
158 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
159 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
160 special exception, the source code distributed need not include
161 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
162 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
163 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
164 itself accompanies the executable.
166 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
167 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
168 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
169 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
170 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
172 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
173 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
174 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
175 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
176 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
177 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
178 parties remain in full compliance.
180 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
181 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
182 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
183 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
184 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
185 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
186 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
187 the Program or works based on it.
189 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
190 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
191 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
192 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
193 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
194 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
195 this License.
197 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
198 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
199 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
200 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
201 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
202 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
203 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
204 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
205 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
206 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
207 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
208 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
210 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
211 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
212 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
213 circumstances.
215 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
216 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
217 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
218 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
219 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
220 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
221 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
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223 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
224 impose that choice.
226 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
227 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
229 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
230 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
231 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
232 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
233 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
234 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
235 the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
237 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
238 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
239 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
240 address new problems or concerns.
242 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
243 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
244 later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
245 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
246 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
247 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
248 Foundation.
250 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
251 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
252 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
253 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
254 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
255 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
256 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
258 NO WARRANTY
260 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
261 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
262 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
263 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
264 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
265 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
266 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
267 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
268 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
270 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
271 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
272 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
273 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
274 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
275 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
276 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
277 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
278 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
280 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
282 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
284 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
285 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
286 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
288 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
289 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
290 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
291 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
293 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
294 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
296 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
297 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
298 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
299 (at your option) any later version.
301 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
302 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
303 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
304 GNU General Public License for more details.
306 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
307 with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
308 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
310 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
312 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
313 when it starts in an interactive mode:
315 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
316 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
317 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
318 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
320 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
321 parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
322 be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
323 mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
325 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
326 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
327 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
329 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
330 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
332 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
333 Ty Coon, President of Vice
335 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
336 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
337 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
338 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
339 Public License instead of this License.
341 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
343 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
344 Version 2.1, February 1999
346 Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
347 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
348 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
349 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
351 [This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
352 as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence
353 the version number 2.1.]
355 Preamble
357 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
358 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
359 Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
360 free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
362 This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
363 specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the
364 Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You
365 can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether
366 this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better
367 strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.
369 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
370 not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
371 you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge
372 for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get
373 it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of
374 it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do
375 these things.
377 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
378 distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
379 rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for
380 you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.
382 For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
383 or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
384 you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
385 code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide
386 complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them
387 with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling
388 it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
390 We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the
391 library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal
392 permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
394 To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that
395 there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is
396 modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know
397 that what they have is not the original version, so that the original
398 author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be
399 introduced by others.
400 \f
401 Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of
402 any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot
403 effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a
404 restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that
405 any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be
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408 Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the
409 ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser
410 General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and
411 is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use
412 this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those
413 libraries into non-free programs.
415 When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using
416 a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a
417 combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary
418 General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the
419 entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General
420 Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with
421 the library.
423 We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it
424 does Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General
425 Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less
426 of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages
427 are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many
428 libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain
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431 For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to
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436 case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free
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439 In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free
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441 free software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in
442 non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU
443 operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating
444 system.
446 Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the
447 users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is
448 linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run
449 that program using a modified version of the Library.
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453 "work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library". The
454 former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must
455 be combined with the library in order to run.
456 \f
457 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
458 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
460 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other
461 program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or
462 other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of
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503 \f
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801 \f
802 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
804 If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest
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815 <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
816 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
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823 This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
824 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
825 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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828 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
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832 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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838 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
839 library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
841 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990
842 Ty Coon, President of Vice
844 That's all there is to it!
846 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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