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1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
2 Version 3, 29 June 2007
4 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
5 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
6 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
8 Preamble
10 The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
11 software and other kinds of works.
13 The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
14 to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
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22 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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40 Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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71 TERMS AND CONDITIONS
73 0. Definitions.
75 "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
77 "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
78 works, such as semiconductor masks.
80 "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
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89 A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
90 on the Program.
92 To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
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94 infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
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152 same work.
154 2. Basic Permissions.
156 All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
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202 keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
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235 A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
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257 b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
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275 d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
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297 A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
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338 in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
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341 unpacking, reading or copying.
343 7. Additional Terms.
345 "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
346 License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
347 Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
348 be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
349 that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
350 apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
351 under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
352 this License without regard to the additional permissions.
354 When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
355 remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
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359 for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
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362 add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
363 that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
365 a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
366 terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
368 b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
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388 All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
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390 received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
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393 a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
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401 where to find the applicable terms.
403 Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
404 form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
405 the above requirements apply either way.
407 8. Termination.
409 You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
410 provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
411 modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
412 this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
413 paragraph of section 11).
415 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
416 license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
417 provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
418 finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
419 holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
420 prior to 60 days after the cessation.
422 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
423 reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
424 violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
425 received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
426 copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
427 your receipt of the notice.
429 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
430 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
431 this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
432 reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
433 material under section 10.
435 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
437 You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
438 run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
439 occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
440 to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
441 nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
442 modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
443 not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
444 covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
446 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
448 Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
449 receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
450 propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
451 for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
453 An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
454 organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
455 organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
456 work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
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460 Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
461 the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
463 You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
464 rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
465 not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
466 rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
467 (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
468 any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
469 sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
471 11. Patents.
473 A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
474 License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
475 work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
477 A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
478 owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
479 hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
480 by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
481 but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
482 consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
483 purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
484 patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
485 this License.
487 Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
488 patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
489 make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
490 propagate the contents of its contributor version.
492 In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
493 agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
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495 sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
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497 patent against the party.
499 If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
500 and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
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502 publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
503 then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
504 available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
505 patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
506 consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
507 license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
508 actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
509 covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
510 in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
511 country that you have reason to believe are valid.
513 If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
514 arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
515 covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
516 receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
517 or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
518 you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
519 work and works based on it.
521 A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
522 the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
523 conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
524 specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
525 work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
526 in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
527 to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
528 the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
529 parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
530 patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
531 conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
532 for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
533 contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
534 or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
536 Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
537 any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
538 otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
540 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
542 If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
543 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
544 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
545 covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
546 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
547 not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
548 to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
549 the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
550 License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
552 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
554 Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
555 permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
556 under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
557 combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
558 License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
559 but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
560 section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
561 combination as such.
563 14. Revised Versions of this License.
565 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
566 the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
567 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
568 address new problems or concerns.
570 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
571 Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
572 Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
573 option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
574 version or of any later version published by the Free Software
575 Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
576 GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
577 by the Free Software Foundation.
579 If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
580 versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
581 public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
582 to choose that version for the Program.
584 Later license versions may give you additional or different
585 permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
586 author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
587 later version.
589 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
591 THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
592 APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
593 HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
594 OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
595 THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
596 PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
597 IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
598 ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
600 16. Limitation of Liability.
602 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
603 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
604 THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
605 GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
606 USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
607 DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
608 PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
609 EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
610 SUCH DAMAGES.
612 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
614 If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
615 above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
616 reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
617 an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
618 Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
619 copy of the Program in return for a fee.
621 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
623 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
625 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
626 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
627 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
629 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
630 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
631 state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
632 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
634 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
635 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
637 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
638 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
639 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
640 (at your option) any later version.
642 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
643 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
644 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
645 GNU General Public License for more details.
647 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
648 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
650 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
652 If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
653 notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
655 <program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
656 This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
657 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
658 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
660 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
661 parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
662 might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
664 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
665 if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
666 For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
667 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
669 The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
670 into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
671 may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
672 the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
673 Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
674 <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
676 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
678 GNU Free Documentation License
679 Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
682 Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
683 <http://fsf.org/>
684 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
685 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
687 0. PREAMBLE
689 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
690 functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
691 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
692 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
693 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
694 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
695 for modifications made by others.
697 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
698 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
699 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
700 license designed for free software.
702 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
703 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
704 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
705 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
706 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
707 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
708 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
711 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
713 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
714 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
715 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
716 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
717 work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
718 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
719 licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
720 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
721 under copyright law.
723 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
724 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
725 modifications and/or translated into another language.
727 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
728 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
729 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
730 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
731 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
732 part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
733 any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
734 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
735 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
736 them.
738 The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
739 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
740 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
741 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
742 allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
743 Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
744 Sections then there are none.
746 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
747 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
748 the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
749 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
751 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
752 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
753 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
754 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
755 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
756 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
757 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
758 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
759 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
760 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
761 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
762 of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
764 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
765 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
766 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
767 HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
768 transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
769 include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
770 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
771 processing tools are not generally available, and the
772 machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
773 processors for output purposes only.
775 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
776 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
777 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
778 formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
779 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
780 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
782 The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of
783 the Document to the public.
785 A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
786 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
787 text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
788 specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
789 "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"
790 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
791 section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
793 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
794 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
795 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
796 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
797 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
798 no effect on the meaning of this License.
800 2. VERBATIM COPYING
802 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
803 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
804 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
805 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no
806 other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
807 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
808 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
809 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
810 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
812 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
813 you may publicly display copies.
816 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
818 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
819 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
820 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
821 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
822 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
823 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
824 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
825 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
826 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
827 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
828 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
829 as verbatim copying in other respects.
831 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
832 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
833 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
834 pages.
836 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
837 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
838 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
839 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
840 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
841 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
842 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
843 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
844 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
845 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
846 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
847 edition to the public.
849 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
850 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
851 give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
852 Document.
855 4. MODIFICATIONS
857 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
858 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
859 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
860 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
861 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
862 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
864 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
865 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
866 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
867 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
868 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
869 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
870 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
871 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
872 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
873 unless they release you from this requirement.
874 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
875 Modified Version, as the publisher.
876 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
877 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
878 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
879 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
880 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
881 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
882 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
883 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
884 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
885 I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
886 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
887 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
888 there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
889 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
890 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
891 Version as stated in the previous sentence.
892 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
893 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
894 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
895 it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
896 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
897 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
898 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
899 K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
900 Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
901 the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
902 and/or dedications given therein.
903 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
904 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
905 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
906 M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
907 may not be included in the Modified Version.
908 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
909 or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
910 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
912 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
913 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
914 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
915 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
916 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
917 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
919 You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
920 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
921 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
922 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
923 standard.
925 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
926 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
927 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
928 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
929 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
930 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
931 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
932 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
933 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
935 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
936 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
937 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
940 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
942 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
943 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
944 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
945 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
946 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
947 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
949 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
950 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
951 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
952 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
953 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
954 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
955 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
956 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
958 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
959 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
960 "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
961 and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
962 Entitled "Endorsements".
965 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
967 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
968 documents released under this License, and replace the individual
969 copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
970 that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules
971 of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
972 other respects.
974 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
975 distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
976 copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
977 License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
978 document.
981 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
983 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
984 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
985 distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
986 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
987 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
988 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
989 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
990 derivative works of the Document.
992 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
993 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
994 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
995 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
996 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
997 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
998 aggregate.
1001 8. TRANSLATION
1003 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
1004 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
1005 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
1006 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
1007 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
1008 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
1009 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
1010 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
1011 the original English version of this License and the original versions
1012 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
1013 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
1014 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
1016 If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
1017 "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
1018 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
1019 title.
1022 9. TERMINATION
1024 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
1025 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
1026 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
1027 will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
1029 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
1030 from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
1031 unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
1032 terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
1033 fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
1034 60 days after the cessation.
1036 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
1037 reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
1038 violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
1039 received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
1040 copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
1041 your receipt of the notice.
1043 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
1044 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
1045 this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
1046 reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
1047 not give you any rights to use it.
1050 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
1052 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
1053 GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
1054 will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
1055 detail to address new problems or concerns. See
1056 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
1058 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
1059 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
1060 License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
1061 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
1062 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
1063 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
1064 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
1065 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
1066 specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
1067 License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
1068 version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
1069 Document.
1071 11. RELICENSING
1073 "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
1074 World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
1075 provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
1076 public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
1077 "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site
1078 means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.
1080 "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
1081 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
1082 corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
1083 California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
1084 published by that same organization.
1086 "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in
1087 part, as part of another Document.
1089 An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this
1090 License, and if all works that were first published under this License
1091 somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or
1092 in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and
1093 (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
1095 The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
1096 under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
1097 provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
1100 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
1102 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
1103 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
1104 license notices just after the title page:
1106 Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
1107 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
1108 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
1109 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
1110 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
1111 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
1112 Free Documentation License".
1114 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
1115 replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
1117 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
1118 Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
1120 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
1121 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
1122 situation.
1124 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
1125 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
1126 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
1127 to permit their use in free software.