4 You will need working installations of Zlib and OpenSSL.
6 Zlib 1.1.4 or 1.2.1.2 or greater (ealier 1.2.x versions have problems):
7 http://www.gzip.org/zlib/
9 OpenSSL 0.9.6 or greater:
10 http://www.openssl.org/
12 (OpenSSL 0.9.5a is partially supported, but some ciphers (SSH protocol 1
13 Blowfish) do not work correctly.)
15 The remaining items are optional.
17 OpenSSH can utilise Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) if your system
18 supports it. PAM is standard on Redhat and Debian Linux, Solaris and
21 NB. If you operating system supports /dev/random, you should configure
22 OpenSSL to use it. OpenSSH relies on OpenSSL's direct support of
23 /dev/random. If you don't you will have to rely on ssh-rand-helper, which
24 is inferior to a good kernel-based solution.
27 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/
29 If you wish to build the GNOME passphrase requester, you will need the GNOME
30 libraries and headers.
35 Alternatively, Jim Knoble <jmknoble@pobox.com> has written an excellent X11
36 passphrase requester. This is maintained separately at:
38 http://www.jmknoble.net/software/x11-ssh-askpass/
42 If your system lacks Kernel based random collection, the use of Lutz
43 Jaenicke's PRNGd is recommended.
45 http://www.aet.tu-cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html
49 The Entropy Gathering Daemon (EGD) is supported if you have a system which
50 lacks /dev/random and don't want to use OpenSSH's internal entropy collection.
52 http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/
56 If you wish to use --with-skey then you will need the library below
57 installed. No other S/Key library is currently known to be supported.
59 http://www.sparc.spb.su/solaris/skey/
63 sftp supports command-line editing via NetBSD's libedit. If your platform
64 has it available natively you can use that, alternatively you might try
65 these multi-platform ports:
67 http://www.thrysoee.dk/editline/
68 http://sourceforge.net/projects/libedit/
72 If you modify configure.ac or configure doesn't exist (eg if you checked
73 the code out of CVS yourself) then you will need autoconf-2.60 to rebuild
74 the automatically generated files by running "autoreconf".
76 http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/
79 2. Building / Installation
80 --------------------------
82 To install OpenSSH with default options:
88 This will install the OpenSSH binaries in /usr/local/bin, configuration files
89 in /usr/local/etc, the server in /usr/local/sbin, etc. To specify a different
90 installation prefix, use the --prefix option to configure:
92 ./configure --prefix=/opt
96 Will install OpenSSH in /opt/{bin,etc,lib,sbin}. You can also override
97 specific paths, for example:
99 ./configure --prefix=/opt --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh
103 This will install the binaries in /opt/{bin,lib,sbin}, but will place the
104 configuration files in /etc/ssh.
106 If you are using Privilege Separation (which is enabled by default)
107 then you will also need to create the user, group and directory used by
108 sshd for privilege separation. See README.privsep for details.
110 If you are using PAM, you may need to manually install a PAM control
111 file as "/etc/pam.d/sshd" (or wherever your system prefers to keep
112 them). Note that the service name used to start PAM is __progname,
113 which is the basename of the path of your sshd (e.g., the service name
114 for /usr/sbin/osshd will be osshd). If you have renamed your sshd
115 executable, your PAM configuration may need to be modified.
117 A generic PAM configuration is included as "contrib/sshd.pam.generic",
118 you may need to edit it before using it on your system. If you are
119 using a recent version of Red Hat Linux, the config file in
120 contrib/redhat/sshd.pam should be more useful. Failure to install a
121 valid PAM file may result in an inability to use password
122 authentication. On HP-UX 11 and Solaris, the standard /etc/pam.conf
123 configuration will work with sshd (sshd will match the other service
126 There are a few other options to the configure script:
128 --with-pam enables PAM support. If PAM support is compiled in, it must
129 also be enabled in sshd_config (refer to the UsePAM directive).
131 --with-prngd-socket=/some/file allows you to enable EGD or PRNGD
132 support and to specify a PRNGd socket. Use this if your Unix lacks
133 /dev/random and you don't want to use OpenSSH's builtin entropy
136 --with-prngd-port=portnum allows you to enable EGD or PRNGD support
137 and to specify a EGD localhost TCP port. Use this if your Unix lacks
138 /dev/random and you don't want to use OpenSSH's builtin entropy
141 --with-lastlog=FILE will specify the location of the lastlog file.
142 ./configure searches a few locations for lastlog, but may not find
143 it if lastlog is installed in a different place.
145 --without-lastlog will disable lastlog support entirely.
147 --with-osfsia, --without-osfsia will enable or disable OSF1's Security
148 Integration Architecture. The default for OSF1 machines is enable.
150 --with-skey=PATH will enable S/Key one time password support. You will
151 need the S/Key libraries and header files installed for this to work.
153 --with-tcp-wrappers will enable TCP Wrappers (/etc/hosts.allow|deny)
154 support. You will need libwrap.a and tcpd.h installed.
156 --with-md5-passwords will enable the use of MD5 passwords. Enable this
157 if your operating system uses MD5 passwords and the system crypt() does
158 not support them directly (see the crypt(3/3c) man page). If enabled, the
159 resulting binary will support both MD5 and traditional crypt passwords.
161 --with-utmpx enables utmpx support. utmpx support is automatic for
164 --without-shadow disables shadow password support.
166 --with-ipaddr-display forces the use of a numeric IP address in the
167 $DISPLAY environment variable. Some broken systems need this.
169 --with-default-path=PATH allows you to specify a default $PATH for sessions
170 started by sshd. This replaces the standard path entirely.
172 --with-pid-dir=PATH specifies the directory in which the ssh.pid file is
175 --with-xauth=PATH specifies the location of the xauth binary
177 --with-ssl-dir=DIR allows you to specify where your OpenSSL libraries
180 --with-ssl-engine enables OpenSSL's (hardware) ENGINE support
182 --with-4in6 Check for IPv4 in IPv6 mapped addresses and convert them to
183 real (AF_INET) IPv4 addresses. Works around some quirks on Linux.
186 --with-sectok=DIR allows for OpenSC or sectok smartcard libraries to
187 be used with OpenSSH. See 'README.smartcard' for more details.
189 If you need to pass special options to the compiler or linker, you
190 can specify these as environment variables before running ./configure.
193 CFLAGS="-O -m486" LDFLAGS="-s" LIBS="-lrubbish" LD="/usr/foo/ld" ./configure
198 The runtime configuration files are installed by in ${prefix}/etc or
199 whatever you specified as your --sysconfdir (/usr/local/etc by default).
201 The default configuration should be instantly usable, though you should
202 review it to ensure that it matches your security requirements.
204 To generate a host key, run "make host-key". Alternately you can do so
205 manually using the following commands:
207 ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key -N ""
208 ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N ""
209 ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -N ""
211 Replacing /etc/ssh with the correct path to the configuration directory.
212 (${prefix}/etc or whatever you specified with --sysconfdir during
215 If you have configured OpenSSH with EGD support, ensure that EGD is
216 running and has collected some Entropy.
218 For more information on configuration, please refer to the manual pages
219 for sshd, ssh and ssh-agent.
221 4. (Optional) Send survey
222 -------------------------
225 [check the contents of the file "survey" to ensure there's no information
226 that you consider sensitive]
229 This will send configuration information for the currently configured
230 host to a survey address. This will help determine which configurations
231 are actually in use, and what valid combinations of configure options
232 exist. The raw data is available only to the OpenSSH developers, however
233 summary data may be published.
238 If you experience problems compiling, installing or running OpenSSH.
239 Please refer to the "reporting bugs" section of the webpage at
240 http://www.openssh.com/
243 $Id: INSTALL,v 1.75 2006/07/10 02:55:24 dtucker Exp $