1 .\" $OpenBSD: ssh-keyscan.1,v 1.27 2009/10/28 16:38:18 reyk Exp $
3 .\" Copyright 1995, 1996 by David Mazieres <dm@lcs.mit.edu>.
5 .\" Modification and redistribution in source and binary forms is
6 .\" permitted provided that due credit is given to the author and the
7 .\" OpenBSD project by leaving this copyright notice intact.
9 .Dd $Mdocdate: October 28 2009 $
14 .Nd gather ssh public keys
24 .Op Ar host | addrlist namelist
29 is a utility for gathering the public ssh host keys of a number of
31 It was designed to aid in building and verifying
35 provides a minimal interface suitable for use by shell and perl
39 uses non-blocking socket I/O to contact as many hosts as possible in
40 parallel, so it is very efficient.
41 The keys from a domain of 1,000
42 hosts can be collected in tens of seconds, even when some of those
43 hosts are down or do not run ssh.
44 For scanning, one does not need
45 login access to the machines that are being scanned, nor does the
46 scanning process involve any encryption.
48 The options are as follows:
53 to use IPv4 addresses only.
57 to use IPv6 addresses only.
61 pairs from this file, one per line.
64 is supplied instead of a filename,
68 pairs from the standard input.
70 Hash all hostnames and addresses in the output.
71 Hashed names may be used normally by
75 but they do not reveal identifying information should the file's contents
78 Port to connect to on the remote host.
80 Set the timeout for connection attempts.
83 seconds have elapsed since a connection was initiated to a host or since the
84 last time anything was read from that host, then the connection is
85 closed and the host in question considered unavailable.
88 Specifies the type of the key to fetch from the scanned hosts.
89 The possible values are
91 for protocol version 1 and
95 for protocol version 2.
96 Multiple values may be specified by separating them with commas.
100 Set the routing domain.
105 to print debugging messages about its progress.
108 If an ssh_known_hosts file is constructed using
110 without verifying the keys, users will be vulnerable to
111 .Em man in the middle
113 On the other hand, if the security model allows such a risk,
115 can help in the detection of tampered keyfiles or man in the middle
116 attacks which have begun after the ssh_known_hosts file was created.
120 1.2.3.4,1.2.4.4 name.my.domain,name,n.my.domain,n,1.2.3.4,1.2.4.4
123 .Pa Output format for rsa1 keys:
125 host-or-namelist bits exponent modulus
128 .Pa Output format for rsa and dsa keys:
130 host-or-namelist keytype base64-encoded-key
140 .Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
147 $ ssh-keyscan hostname
150 Find all hosts from the file
152 which have new or different keys from those in the sorted file
153 .Pa ssh_known_hosts :
155 $ ssh-keyscan -t rsa,dsa -f ssh_hosts | \e
156 sort -u - ssh_known_hosts | diff ssh_known_hosts -
163 .An David Mazieres Aq dm@lcs.mit.edu
164 wrote the initial version, and
165 .An Wayne Davison Aq wayned@users.sourceforge.net
166 added support for protocol version 2.
168 It generates "Connection closed by remote host" messages on the consoles
169 of all the machines it scans if the server is older than version 2.9.
170 This is because it opens a connection to the ssh port, reads the public
171 key, and drops the connection as soon as it gets the key.