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2 <!--
3 <?xml version="1.0" ?>
4 <!DOCTYPE glossary PUBLIC "-//KDE//DTD DocBook XML V4.2-Based Variant V1.1//EN"
5 "customization/dtd/kdex.dtd" [
6 <!ENTITY % addindex "IGNORE">
7 <!ENTITY % English "INCLUDE">
8 <!ENTITY glossary-kdeprinting SYSTEM "kdeprintingglossary.docbook">
10 ]>
11 <glossary id="glossary">
12 -->
13 <glossdiv id="glossdiv-printing">
14 <title>Printing</title>
17 <glossentry id="gloss-acl">
18 <glossterm><acronym>ACLs</acronym></glossterm>
19 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>A</emphasis>ccess
20 <emphasis>C</emphasis>ontrol <emphasis>L</emphasis>ists;
21 ACLs are used to check for the access by a given
22 (authenticated) user. A first rough support for ACLs
23 for printing is available from &CUPS;; this will be refined
24 in future versions. </para>
25 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-authentication">Authentication</glossseealso>
26 </glossdef>
27 </glossentry>
29 <glossentry id="gloss-appsocketprotocol">
30 <glossterm>AppSocket Protocol</glossterm>
31 <glossdef><para>AppSocket is a protocol for the transfer of
32 print data, also frequently called "Direct TCP/IP Printing".
33 &Hewlett-Packard; have taken AppSocket, added a few minor
34 extensions around it and been very successful in renaming
35 and marketing it under the brand "&HP; JetDirect"...</para>
36 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-hpjetdirectprotocol">&HP; JetDirect Protocol</glossseealso>
37 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-directtcpipprinting">Direct TCP/IP Printing</glossseealso>
38 </glossdef>
39 </glossentry>
41 <glossentry id="gloss-apsfilter">
42 <glossterm>APSfilter</glossterm>
43 <glossdef><para>APSfilter is used mainly in the context of "classical"
44 &UNIX; printing (BSD-style LPD). It is a sophisticated shell script,
45 disguised as an "all-in-one" filtering program. In reality,
46 APSfilter calls "real filters" to do the jobs needed. It sends
47 printjobs automatically through these other filters, based on an
48 initial file-type analysis of the printfile.
49 It is written and maintained by Andreas Klemm.
50 <!--
51 </para>
52 <para>
53 -->
54 It is
55 similar to Magicfilter and mostly uses Ghostscript for file conversions.
56 Some Linux Distributions (like &SuSE;) use APSfilter, others
57 Magicfilter (like &RedHat;), some have both for preference selection
58 (like *BSD).
59 <!--
60 </para>
61 <para>
62 -->
63 &CUPS; has <emphasis>no</emphasis> need for APSfilter,
64 as it runs its own file type recognition (based on &MIME; types)
65 and applies its own filtering logic.</para>
66 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ghostscript">Ghostscript</glossseealso>
67 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-magicfilter">Magicfilter</glossseealso>
68 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-mimetypes">&MIME;-Types</glossseealso>
69 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-printcap">printcap</glossseealso>
70 </glossdef>
71 </glossentry>
73 <glossentry id="gloss-authentication">
74 <glossterm>Authentication</glossterm>
75 <glossdef><para>Proving the identity of a certain person (maybe via username/password
76 or by means of a certificate) is often called authentication. Once you are
77 authenticated, you may or may not get access to a requested resource,
78 possibly based on ACLs.</para>
79 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-acl">ACLs</glossseealso>
80 </glossdef>
81 </glossentry>
83 <glossentry id="gloss-bidirectionalcommunication">
84 <glossterm>Bi-directional communication</glossterm>
85 <glossdef><para>In the context of printing, a server or a host may receive additional
86 information sent back from the printer (status messages &etc;), either
87 upon a query or unrequested. AppSocket ( = &HP; JetDirect), &CUPS; and IPP
88 support bi-directional communication, LPR/LPD and BSD-style printing
89 do not...</para>
90 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-appsocketprotocol">AppSocket Protocol</glossseealso>
91 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups">&CUPS;</glossseealso>
92 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-directtcpipprinting">Direct TCP/IP Printing</glossseealso>
93 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-hpjetdirectprotocol">&HP; JetDirect</glossseealso>
94 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ipp">IPP</glossseealso>
95 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-lprlpd">LPR/LPD</glossseealso>
96 </glossdef>
97 </glossentry>
99 <glossentry id="gloss-bsdstyleprinting">
100 <glossterm>BSD-style Printing</glossterm>
101 <glossdef><para>Generic term for different variants of the traditional &UNIX;
102 printing method. Its first version appeared in the early 70s on
103 BSD &UNIX; and was formally described in <ulink url="http://www.rfc.net/rfc1179.html">RFC 1179</ulink> only as late
104 as 1990.
105 <!--
106 </para>
107 <para>
108 -->
109 At the time when BSD "remote" printing was first designed, printers
110 were serially or otherwise directly connected devices to a host
111 (with the Internet hardly consisting of more than 100 nodes!); printers
112 used hole-punched, continuous paper, fed through by a tractor
113 mechanism, with simple rows of ASCII text mechanically hammered on to
114 the medium, drawn from a cardboard box beneath the table. It came out
115 like a zig-zag folded paper "snake". Remote printing consisted of a
116 neighboring host in the next room sending a file
117 asking for printout.
118 <!--
119 </para>
120 <para>
121 -->
122 How technology has changed! Printers generally use cut-sheet media, they have
123 built-in intelligence to compute the raster images of pages after pages
124 that are sent to them using one of the powerful page description
125 languages (PDL). Many are network nodes in their own right,
126 with CPU, RAM, a hard disk and their own Operation System, and
127 are hooked to a net with potentially millions of users...
128 <!--
129 </para>
130 <para>
131 -->
132 It is a vast proof of the flexible &UNIX; concept for doing things,
133 that it made "Line Printing" reliably work even under these modern
134 conditions. But time has finally come now to go for something new
135 -- the IPP.
137 </para>
138 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ipp">IPP</glossseealso>
139 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups">&CUPS;</glossseealso>
140 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-lprlpd">LPR/LPD printing</glossseealso>
141 </glossdef>
142 </glossentry>
144 <glossentry id="gloss-cups">
145 <glossterm>&CUPS;</glossterm>
146 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>C</emphasis>ommon
147 <emphasis>U</emphasis>NIX <emphasis>P</emphasis>rinting
148 <emphasis>S</emphasis>ystem; &CUPS; is the most modern &UNIX; and Linux
149 printing system, also providing cross-platform print services
150 to &Microsoft; &Windows; and Apple &MacOS; clients. Based on IPP, it does
151 away with all the pitfalls of old-style BSD printing,
152 providing authentication, encryption and ACLs, plus many more
153 features. At the same time it is backward-compatible enough
154 to serve all legacy clients that are not yet up to IPP, via
155 LPR/LPD (BSD-style).
156 <!--
157 </para>
158 <para>
159 -->
160 &CUPS; is able to control any &PostScript; printer by
161 utilizing the vendor-supplied PPD (PostScript Printer
162 Description file), targeted originally for &Microsoft; Windows NT
163 printing only. &kde; Printing is most powerful if based on
164 &CUPS;.</para>
165 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-acl">ACLs</glossseealso>
166 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-authentication">Authentication</glossseealso>
167 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-bsdstyleprinting">BSD-style printing</glossseealso>
168 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ipp">IPP</glossseealso>
169 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-kdeprint">KDEPrint</glossseealso>
170 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-lprlpd">LPR/LPD</glossseealso>
171 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ppd">PPD</glossseealso>
172 </glossdef>
173 </glossentry>
176 <glossentry id="gloss-cupsfaq">
177 <glossterm><acronym>&CUPS;-FAQ</acronym></glossterm>
178 <glossdef><para>Currently only available in German (translation is on the way),
179 the <ulink url="http://www.danka.de/printpro/faq.html">&CUPS;-FAQ</ulink>
180 is a valuable resource to answer many questions that anyone new to
181 &CUPS; printing might have at first.
182 </para>
183 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-kdeprinthandbook">KDEPrint Handbook</glossseealso>
184 </glossdef>
185 </glossentry>
188 <glossentry id="gloss-cups-o-matic">
189 <glossterm>&CUPS;-O-Matic</glossterm>
190 <glossdef><para>&CUPS;-O-Matic was the first "Third Party" plugin for
191 the &CUPS; printing software. It is available on the <ulink
192 url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/cups-doc.html">Linuxprinting.org
193 website</ulink> to provide an online PPD-generating service.
194 <!--
195 </para>
196 <para>
197 -->
199 Together with the companion <application>cupsomatic</application> Perl-Script,
200 that needs to be installed as an additional &CUPS; backend,
201 it redirects output from the native <application>pstops</application> filter into
202 a chain of suitable Ghostscript filters. Upon completion, it
203 passes the resulting data back to a &CUPS; "backend" for sending
204 to the printer.
205 <!--
206 </para>
207 <para>
208 -->
209 In this way, &CUPS;-O-Matic enables support for any printer known to
210 have worked previously in a "classical" Ghostscript environment.
211 If no native &CUPS; support for that printer is in sight... &CUPS;-O-Matic
212 is now replaced by the more capable PPD-O-Matic.</para>
213 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cupsomatic">cupsomatic</glossseealso>
214 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-PPD-O-Matic">PPD-O-Matic</glossseealso>
215 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-foomatic">Foomatic</glossseealso>
216 </glossdef>
217 </glossentry>
220 <glossentry id="gloss-cupsomatic">
221 <glossterm>cupsomatic</glossterm>
222 <glossdef><para>The Perl script <application>cupsomatic</application> (plus a working Perl installation
223 on your system) is needed to make any &CUPS;-O-Matic (or PPD-O-Matic)
224 generated PPD work with &CUPS;. It was written by Grant Taylor, author of
225 the Linux Printing HOWTO and Maintainer of the <ulink
226 url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi">printer
227 database</ulink> at the Linuxprinting.org website.</para>
228 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups-o-matic">&CUPS;-O-Matic</glossseealso>
229 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-foomatic">Foomatic</glossseealso>
230 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cupsomatic">cupsomatic</glossseealso>
231 </glossdef>
232 </glossentry>
234 <glossentry id="gloss-daemon">
235 <glossterm><acronym>Daemon</acronym></glossterm>
236 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>D</emphasis>isk
237 <emphasis>a</emphasis>nd <emphasis>e</emphasis>xecution
238 <emphasis>mon</emphasis>itor; <acronym>Daemons</acronym> are present
239 on all &UNIX; systems to perform tasks independent of user
240 intervention. Readers more familiar with &Microsoft; &Windows; might
241 want to compare daemons and the tasks they are responsible
242 with "services".
243 <!--
244 </para>
245 <para>
246 -->
247 One example of a daemon present on most
248 legacy &UNIX; systems is the LPD (Line Printer Daemon); &CUPS; is
249 widely seen as the successor to LPD in the &UNIX; world and
250 it also operates through a daemon. </para>
251 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-spooling">SPOOLing</glossseealso>
252 </glossdef>
253 </glossentry>
255 <glossentry id="gloss-databaselinuxprinting">
256 <glossterm>Database, Linuxprinting.org</glossterm>
257 <glossdef><para>Already years ago, when Linux printing was still really difficult
258 (only command line printing was known to most Linux users, no device
259 specific print options were available for doing the jobs), Grant Taylor,
260 author of the "Linux Printing HOWTO", collected most of the available
261 information about printers, drivers and filters in his database.
262 <!--
263 </para>
264 <para>
265 -->
266 With the emerging
267 &CUPS; concept, extending the use of PPDs even to non-PostScript printers,
268 he realized the potential of this database: if one puts the different
269 datablobs (with content that could be described along the lines
270 "Which device prints with which Ghostscript or other
271 filter?", "How well?", and "What command line switches are available?") into
272 PPD-compatible files, he could have all the power of &CUPS; on top of
273 the traditional printer "drivers".
274 <!--
275 </para>
276 <para>
277 -->
278 This has now developed into a broader
279 concept, known as "Foomatic". Foomatic extends the capabilities
280 of spoolers other than &CUPS; (LPR/LPD, LPRng, PDQ, PPR) to a certain
281 degree ("stealing" some concepts from &CUPS;). The Linuxprinting
282 Database is not a Linux-only stop -- people running other &UNIX;
283 based OSes (like *BSD or &MacOS; X) will also find valuable information
284 and software there.
285 </para>
286 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-foomatic">Foomatic</glossseealso>
287 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-linuxprintingdatabase">Linuxprinting database</glossseealso>
288 </glossdef>
289 </glossentry>
291 <glossentry id="gloss-directtcpipprinting">
292 <glossterm>Direct TCP/IP Printing</glossterm>
293 <glossdef><para>This is a method that often uses TCP/IP port 9100 to connect
294 to the printer. It works with many modern network printers and has
295 a few advantages over LPR/LPD, as it is faster and provides some
296 "backchannel feedback data" from the printer to the host sending
297 the job.</para>
298 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-appsocketprotocol">AppSocket Protocol</glossseealso>
299 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-hpjetdirectprotocol">&HP; JetDirect Protocol</glossseealso>
300 </glossdef>
301 </glossentry>
304 <glossentry id="gloss-drivers">
305 <glossterm>Drivers, Printer Drivers</glossterm>
306 <glossdef><para>The term "printer drivers", used in the same sense
307 as on the &Microsoft; &Windows; platform, is not entirely applicable
308 to a Linux or &UNIX; platform. A "driver" functionality
309 is supplied on &UNIX; by different modular components working
310 together. At the core of the printer drivers are "filters". Filters convert
311 print files from a given input format to another format that is acceptable
312 to the target printer. In many cases filters may be connected to a whole
313 filter "chain", where only the result of the last conversion is sent to the
314 printer. The actual transfer of the print data to the device is performed by
315 a "backend".
316 </para>
317 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-filter">Filter</glossseealso>
318 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ppd">PPDs</glossseealso>
319 </glossdef>
320 </glossentry>
322 <glossentry id="gloss-easysoftwareproducts">
323 <glossterm>Easy Software Products</glossterm>
324 <glossdef><para>Mike Sweet's company, which has contributed a few substantial
325 software products towards the Free Software community; amongst
326 them the initial version of <ulink
327 url="http://gimp-print.sf.net/">Gimp-Print,</ulink> the <ulink
328 url="http://www.easysw.com/epm/">EPM software packaging</ulink> tool
329 and <ulink url="http://www.easysw.com/htmldoc/">HTMLDOC</ulink>
330 (used by the "Linux Documentation Project" to build the PDF versions
331 of the HOWTOs) -- but most importantly: <ulink
332 url="http://www.cups.org/">&CUPS;</ulink> (the 'Common &UNIX; Printing
333 System').
334 <!--
335 </para>
336 <para>
337 -->
338 ESP finance themselves by selling a commercial version
339 of &CUPS;, called <ulink url="http://www.easysw.com/">ESP PrintPro,</ulink>
340 that includes some professional enhancements.
341 </para>
342 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups">&CUPS;</glossseealso>
343 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-espprintpro">ESP PrintPro</glossseealso>
344 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-esp">ESP</glossseealso>
345 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-gimpprint">Gimp-Print</glossseealso>
346 </glossdef>
347 </glossentry>
349 <glossentry id="gloss-encryption">
350 <glossterm>Encryption</glossterm>
351 <glossdef><para>Encryption of confidential data is an all-important issue if
352 you transfer it over the Internet or even within intranets.
353 <!--
354 </para>
355 <para>
356 -->
357 Printing
358 via traditional protocols is not encrypted at all -- it is very easy
359 to tap and eavesdrop ⪚ into &PostScript; or PCL data transfered
360 over the wire.
361 <!--
362 </para>
363 <para>
364 -->
365 Therefore, in the design of IPP, provision was made for the easy
366 plugin of encryption mechanisms (which can be provided by the same
367 means as the encryption standards for HTTP traffic: SSL and TLS).</para>
368 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-authentication">Authentication</glossseealso>
369 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups">&CUPS;</glossseealso>
370 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ipp">IPP</glossseealso>
371 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ssl">SSL</glossseealso>
372 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-tls">TLS</glossseealso>
373 </glossdef>
374 </glossentry>
377 <glossentry id="gloss-epson">
378 <glossterm><acronym>Epson</acronym></glossterm>
379 <glossdef><para>Epson inkjets are among the best supported models by Free software
380 drivers, as the company was not necessarily as secretive about their
381 devices and handed technical specification documents to developers.
382 The excellent print quality achieved by Gimp-Print on the Stylus
383 series of printers can be attributed to this openness.
384 <!--
385 </para>
386 <para>
387 -->
388 They have also
389 contracted Easy Software Products to maintain an enhanced version
390 of Ghostscript ("ESP GhostScript") for improved support of their
391 printer portfolio.
392 </para>
393 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ghostscript">ESP Ghostscript</glossseealso>
394 </glossdef>
395 </glossentry>
398 <glossentry id="gloss-escapesequence">
399 <glossterm>Escape Sequences</glossterm>
400 <glossdef><para>The first ever printers printed ASCII data only. To
401 initiate a new line, or eject a page, they included special
402 command sequences, often carrying a leading [ESC]-character.
403 &HP; evolved this concept through its series of PCL language
404 editions until today, having now developed a full-blown
405 Page Description Language (PDL) from these humble beginnings.
406 </para>
407 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pcl">PCL</glossseealso>
408 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pdl">PDL</glossseealso>
409 </glossdef>
410 </glossentry>
412 <glossentry id="gloss-escp">
413 <glossterm><acronym>ESC/P</acronym></glossterm>
414 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>E</emphasis>pson
415 <emphasis>S</emphasis>tandard <emphasis>C</emphasis>odes for
416 <emphasis>P</emphasis>rinters. Besides &PostScript; and PCL, Epson's ESC/P
417 printer language is one of the best known.</para>
418 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pcl">PCL</glossseealso>
419 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-postscript">&PostScript;</glossseealso>
420 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-hpgl">hpgl</glossseealso>
421 </glossdef>
422 </glossentry>
424 <glossentry id="gloss-esp">
425 <glossterm><acronym>ESP</acronym></glossterm>
426 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>E</emphasis>asy
427 <emphasis>S</emphasis>oftware <emphasis>P</emphasis>roducts;
428 the company that developed &CUPS; (the "Common &UNIX; Printing System").
429 </para>
430 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-easysoftwareproducts">Easy Software Products</glossseealso>
431 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups">&CUPS;</glossseealso>
432 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-espprintpro">ESP PrintPro</glossseealso>
433 </glossdef>
434 </glossentry>
437 <glossentry id="gloss-espghostscript">
438 <glossterm><acronym>ESP</acronym> Ghostscript</glossterm>
439 <glossdef><para>A Ghostscript version that is maintained by Easy Software
440 Products. It includes pre-compiled Gimp-Print drivers for
441 many inkjets (plus some other goodies). ESP Ghostscript
442 will produce photographic quality prints in many cases, especially
443 with the Epson Stylus model series. ESP Ghostscript is GPL-software.
444 </para>
445 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-easysoftwareproducts">Easy Software Products</glossseealso>
446 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups">&CUPS;</glossseealso>
447 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-espprintpro">ESP PrintPro</glossseealso>
448 </glossdef>
449 </glossentry>
451 <glossentry id="gloss-espprintpro">
452 <glossterm><acronym>ESP</acronym> PrintPro</glossterm>
453 <glossdef><para> This professional enhancement to &CUPS; (the "Common &UNIX;
454 Printing System") is sold by the developers
455 of &CUPS; complete with more than 2,300 printer drivers for several commercial
456 &UNIX; platforms. <ulink url="http://www.easysw.com/printpro/">ESP PrintPro</ulink>
457 is supposed to work "out of the box" with little or no configuration
458 for users or admins. ESP also sell support contracts for
459 &CUPS; and PrintPro. These sales help to feed the programmers who
460 develop the Free version of &CUPS;.
461 </para>
462 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups">&CUPS;</glossseealso>
463 </glossdef>
464 </glossentry>
466 <glossentry id="gloss-filter">
467 <glossterm>Filter</glossterm>
468 <glossdef><para>Filters, in general, are programs that take some input
469 data, work on it and pass it on as their output data. Filters
470 may or may not change the data.
471 <!--
472 </para>
473 <para>
474 -->
475 Filters in the context of printing, are programs that convert
476 a given file (destined for printing, but not suitable in the
477 format it is presently) into a printable format. Sometimes
478 whole "filter chains" have to be constructed to achieve the
479 goal, piping the output of one filter as the input to the next.
480 </para>
481 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ghostscript">Ghostscript</glossseealso>
482 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-rip">RIP</glossseealso>
483 </glossdef>
484 </glossentry>
486 <glossentry id="gloss-foomatic">
487 <glossterm>Foomatic</glossterm>
488 <glossdef><para>Foomatic started out as the wrapper name for a set of
489 different tools available from <ulink
490 url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/">Linuxprinting.org</ulink>
491 These tools aimed to make the usage of traditional
492 Ghostscript and other print filters easier for users and
493 extend the filters' capabilities by adding more command line
494 switches or explain the driver's execution data.
495 <!--
496 </para>
497 <para>
498 -->
499 Foomatic's different incarnations are &CUPS;-O-Matic, PPD-O-Matic,
500 PDQ-O-Matic, LPD-O-Matic, PPR-O-Matic, MF-O-Matic and
501 Direct-O-Matic. All of these allow the generation
502 of appropriate printer configuration files online, by simply
503 selection the suitable model and suggested (or alternate) driver
504 for that machine.
505 <!--
506 </para>
507 <para>
508 -->
509 More recently, Foomatic gravitated towards becoming a "meta-spooling"
510 system, that allows configuration of the underlying print subsystem
511 through a unified set of commands (however, this is much more
512 complicated than KDEPrint's &GUI; interface, which performs a similar
513 task with regards to different print subsystems). </para>
514 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups-o-matic">&CUPS;-O-Matic</glossseealso>
515 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-PPD-O-Matic">PPD-O-Matic</glossseealso>
516 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cupsomatic">cupsomatic</glossseealso>
517 </glossdef>
518 </glossentry>
520 <glossentry id="gloss-ghostscript">
521 <glossterm>Ghostscript</glossterm>
522 <glossdef><para>Ghostscript is a &PostScript; Raster Image Processor (RIP) in software, originally
523 developed by L. Peter Deutsch. There is always a <acronym>GPL</acronym> version
524 of Ghostscript available for free usage and distribution
525 (mostly 1 year old) while
526 the current version is commercially sold under another license.
527 <!--
528 </para>
529 <para>
530 -->
531 Ghostscript is widely used inside the Linux and &UNIX; world
532 for transforming &PostScript; into raster data suitable
533 for sending to non-&PostScript; devices.</para>
534 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-postscript">&PostScript;</glossseealso>
535 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-rip">RIP</glossseealso>
536 </glossdef>
537 </glossentry>
539 <glossentry id="gloss-gimpprint">
540 <glossterm>Gimp-Print</glossterm>
541 <glossdef><para>Contrary to its name, Gimp-Print is no longer
542 just the plugin to be used for printing from the popular
543 Gimp program -- its codebase can also serve to be compiled
544 into...
545 <!--
546 </para>
547 <para>
548 -->
549 *...a set of PPDs and associated filters that integrate seamlessly
550 into &CUPS;, supporting around 130 different printer models, providing
551 photographic output quality in many cases;
552 <!--
553 </para>
554 <para>
555 -->
557 *...a Ghostscript filter that can be used with any other
558 program that needs a software-RIP;
559 <!--
560 </para>
561 <para>
562 -->
564 *...a library that can be used by other software applications
565 in need of rasterization functions.
568 <!--
569 after 4 hours fiddling, I
570 could not get those s!@*#?
571 <itemizedlist> to pass
572 through the meinproc checks.
573 For the time being I gave up
574 on it and handle it differently
575 now.
576 <itemizedlist>
577 <listitem>...a set of PPDs and associated filters that integrate seamlessly
578 into &CUPS;, supporting around 130 different printer models, providing
579 photografic output quality in many cases;</listitem>
580 <listitem>...a Ghostscript filter that can be used with any other
581 program that needs a software-RIP;</listitem>
582 <listitem>...a library that can be used by other software applications
583 in need of rasterization functions.</listitem>
584 </itemizedlist>
585 -->
586 </para>
587 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-lexmark">Lexmark Drivers</glossseealso>
588 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-rip">RIP</glossseealso>
589 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ghostscript">Ghostscript</glossseealso>
590 </glossdef>
591 </glossentry>
593 <glossentry id="gloss-hp">
594 <glossterm><acronym>&HP;</acronym></glossterm>
595 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>H</emphasis>ewlett-<emphasis>Packard</emphasis>;
596 one of the first companies to distribute their own Linux printer
597 drivers. -- More recently, the Company has released their
598 "HPIJS" package of drivers, including source code and a Free license.
599 This is the first printer manufacturer to do so. HPIJS supports most
600 current models of HP Ink- and DeskJets.
601 </para>
602 </glossdef>
603 </glossentry>
606 <glossentry id="gloss-hpgl">
607 <glossterm><acronym>&HP;/GL</acronym></glossterm>
608 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>&HP;</emphasis>
609 <emphasis>G</emphasis>raphical <emphasis>L</emphasis>anguage;
610 a &HP; printer language mainly used for plotters; many CAD
611 (Computer Aided Design) software programs output &HP;/GL files for
612 printing.</para>
613 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-escp">ESC/P</glossseealso>
614 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pcl">PCL</glossseealso>
615 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-postscript">&PostScript;</glossseealso>
616 </glossdef>
617 </glossentry>
619 <glossentry id="gloss-hpjetdirectprotocol">
620 <glossterm>&HP; JetDirect Protocol</glossterm>
621 <glossdef><para>A term branded by &HP; to describe their implementation
622 of print data transfer to the printer via an otherwise "AppSocket" or
623 "Direct TCP/IP Printing" named protocol.</para>
624 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-appsocketprotocol">AppSocket Protocol</glossseealso>
625 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-directtcpipprinting">Direct TCP/IP Printing</glossseealso>
626 </glossdef>
627 </glossentry>
629 <glossentry id="gloss-ietf">
630 <glossterm><acronym>IETF</acronym></glossterm>
631 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>I</emphasis>nternet
632 <emphasis>E</emphasis>ngineering <emphasis>T</emphasis>ask
633 <emphasis>F</emphasis>orce; an assembly of Internet, software
634 and hardware experts that discuss
635 new networking technologies and very often arrive at
636 conclusions that are regarded by many as standards. "TCP/IP"
637 is the most famous example.
638 <!--
639 </para>
640 <para>
641 -->
643 IETF standards, as well as
644 drafts, discussions, ideas and useful tutorials, are
645 put in writing in the famous series of "RFCs", which
646 are available to the public and included in most Linux and
647 BSD distributions.</para>
648 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ipp">IPP</glossseealso>
649 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pwg">PWG</glossseealso>
650 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-rfc">RFC</glossseealso>
651 </glossdef>
652 </glossentry>
654 <glossentry id="gloss-ipp">
655 <glossterm><acronym>IPP</acronym></glossterm>
656 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>I</emphasis>nternet
657 <emphasis>P</emphasis>rinting <emphasis>P</emphasis>rotocol;
658 defined in a series of RFCs accepted by the IETF with
659 status "proposed standard"; was designed
660 by the PWG. -- IPP is a completely new design for network printing,
661 but it utilizes a very well-known and proven method for the
662 actual data transfer: HTTP 1.1! By not "re-inventing the wheel",
663 and basing itself on an existing and robust Internet standard,
664 IPP is able to relatively easily bolt other HTTP-compatible standard
665 mechanisms into its framework:
666 <!--
667 </para>
668 <para>
669 -->
670 * Basic, Digest or Certificate authentication
671 mechanisms;
672 <!--
673 </para>
674 <para>
675 -->
676 * SSL or TLS for encryption of transferred
677 data;
678 <!--
679 </para>
680 <para>
681 -->
682 * LDAP for directory services (to publish
683 data on printers, device-options, drivers, costs or
684 also to the network; or to check for passwords while
685 performing authentication).
686 <!--
687 </para>
688 <para>
689 -->
691 <!--
692 </para>
693 <itemizedlist>
694 <listitem>Basic, Digest or Certificate authentication
695 mechanisms</listitem>
696 <listitem>SSL or TLS for encryption of transferred
697 data</listitem>
698 <listitem>LDAP for directory services (to publish
699 data on printers, device-options, drivers, costs or
700 elso to the network; or to check for passwords while
701 conducting authentication)</listitem>
702 </itemizedlist>
703 -->
704 </para>
706 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups">&CUPS;</glossseealso>
707 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pwg">PWG</glossseealso>
708 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ietf">IETF</glossseealso>
709 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-rfc">RFC</glossseealso>
710 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-tls">TLS</glossseealso>
711 </glossdef>
712 </glossentry>
714 <glossentry id="gloss-kdeprint">
715 <glossterm><acronym>KDEPrint</acronym></glossterm>
716 <glossdef><para>The new printing functionality of &kde; since version 2.2
717 consists of several modules that translate the features and settings
718 of different available print subsystems (&CUPS;, BSD-style LPR/LPD, RLPR...)
719 into nice &kde; desktop &GUI; windows and dialogs to ease their
720 usage.
721 <!--
722 </para>
723 <para>
724 -->
725 Most important for day-to-day usage is "kprinter", the new
726 &GUI; print command. -- Note: KDEPrint does <emphasis>not</emphasis> implement its own
727 spooling mechanism or its own &PostScript; processing; for this it
728 relies on the selected <emphasis>print subsystem</emphasis>
729 -- however it does add some functionality of its own on top of this
730 foundation...
731 </para>
732 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-bsdstyleprinting">BSD-style printing</glossseealso>
733 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups">&CUPS;</glossseealso>
734 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-kprinter">kprinter</glossseealso>
735 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-kdeprinthandbook">KDEPrint Handbook</glossseealso>
736 </glossdef>
737 </glossentry>
740 <glossentry id="gloss-kdeprinthandbook">
741 <glossterm><acronym>KDEPrint Handbook...</acronym></glossterm>
742 <glossdef><para>...is the name of the reference document that describes KDEPrint
743 functions to users and administrators. You can load it into Konqueror by
744 typing "help:/kdeprint" into the address field. The <ulink
745 url="http://printing.kde.org/">KDEPrint website</ulink>
746 is the resource for updates to this documentation, as well as PDF
747 versions suitable for printing it. It is authored and maintained by Kurt
748 Pfeifle.
749 </para>
750 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cupsfaq">&CUPS;-FAQ</glossseealso>
751 </glossdef>
752 </glossentry>
754 <glossentry id="gloss-kprinter">
755 <glossterm>kprinter</glossterm>
756 <glossdef><para><emphasis>kprinter</emphasis> is the new powerful
757 print utility that is natively used by all &kde; applications.
758 <!--
759 </para>
760 <para>
761 -->
762 Contrary to some common misconceptions,
763 <emphasis>kprinter</emphasis> is <emphasis>not</emphasis> a &CUPS;-only tool,
764 but supports different print subsystems. You can even switch
765 to a different print subsystem "on the fly", in between two jobs,
766 without re-configuration. Of course, due to the powerful
767 features of &CUPS;, <emphasis>kprinter</emphasis> is
768 best suited for use with a &CUPS; frontend.
769 <!--
770 </para>
771 <para>
772 -->
773 <emphasis>kprinter</emphasis> is the successor
774 to "qtcups", which is no longer being actively maintained. It has
775 inherited all the best features of qtcups and added several new ones.
776 <!--
777 </para>
778 <para>
779 -->
781 MOST IMPORTANT: you can use <emphasis>kprinter</emphasis>
782 with all its features in all non-&kde; applications that allow
783 a customized print command, like gv, Acrobat Reader, Netscape,
784 Mozilla, Galeon, StarOffice, OpenOffice and all GNOME programs.
785 <!--
786 </para>
787 <para>
788 -->
789 <emphasis>kprinter</emphasis> can act as a "standalone"
790 utility, started from an X-Terminal or a "Mini-CLI" to
791 print many different files, from different folders, with different
792 formats, in one job and simultaneously, without the need to first open the
793 files in the applications! (File formats supported this way are &PostScript;,
794 PDF, International and ASCII Text, as well as many different popular graphic
795 formats, such as PNG, TIFF, JPEG, PNM, Sun RASTER, &etc;)
796 </para>
797 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-qtcups">QtCUPS</glossseealso>
798 </glossdef>
799 </glossentry>
801 <glossentry id="gloss-lexmark">
802 <glossterm><acronym>Lexmark</acronym></glossterm>
803 <glossdef><para>was one of the first companies to distribute their own Linux printer
804 drivers for some of their models. However, those drivers are binary only
805 (no source code available), and therefore cannot be used to integrate into
806 other Free printing software projects.
807 </para>
808 </glossdef>
809 </glossentry>
811 <glossentry id="gloss-linuxprintingorg">
812 <glossterm>Linuxprinting.org</glossterm>
813 <glossdef><para>Linuxprinting.org = not just for Linux; all &UNIX;-like OS-es,
814 like *BSD and commercial Unices may find useful printing
815 information on this site. This web site is the home for the interesting
816 Foomatic project, that strives to develop the "Meta Print Spool and Driver
817 Configuration Toolset" (being able to configure, through one common
818 interface, different print subsystems and their required drivers) with the
819 ability to transfer all queues, printers and configuration files seamlessly
820 to another spooler without new configuration effort. -- Also, they maintain
821 the Printing Database; a collection of driver and device information that
822 enables everybody to find the most current information about printer models,
823 and also generate online the configuration files for any
824 spooler/driver/device combo known to work with one of the common Linux or
825 &UNIX; print subsystems.
826 </para>
827 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-linuxprintingdatabase">Linuxprinting database</glossseealso>
828 </glossdef>
829 </glossentry>
832 <glossentry id="gloss-linuxprintingdatabase">
833 <glossterm><acronym>Linuxprinting.org Database</acronym></glossterm>
834 <glossdef><para>....Database containing printers and drivers that are suitable
835 for them... ...a lot of information and documentation to be found... ...it
836 is now also providing some tools and utilities for easing the integration
837 of those drivers into a given system... ...the "Foomatic" family
838 of utilities; being the toolset to make use of the database
839 for most of the commonly used print subsystems, for generating "on the fly"
840 working configurations for your printer model.
841 </para>
842 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-foomatic">Foomatic</glossseealso>
843 </glossdef>
844 </glossentry>
846 <glossentry id="gloss-lprlpd">
847 <glossterm><acronym>LPR/LPD</acronym> printing</glossterm>
848 <glossdef><para>LPR == some people translate <emphasis>L</emphasis>ine
849 <emphasis>P</emphasis>rinting <emphasis>R</emphasis>equest, others:
850 <emphasis>L</emphasis>ine <emphasis>P</emphasis>rinter
851 <emphasis>R</emphasis>emote.</para>
852 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-bsdstyleprinting">BSD-style printing</glossseealso>
853 </glossdef>
854 </glossentry>
856 <glossentry id="gloss-magicfilter">
857 <glossterm>Magicfilter</glossterm>
858 <glossdef><para>Similarly to the APSfilter program, Magicfilter
859 provides automatic file type recognition functions and, base
860 on that, automatic file conversion to a printable format,
861 depending on the target printer.</para>
862 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-apsfilter">APSfilter</glossseealso>
863 </glossdef>
864 </glossentry>
866 <glossentry id="gloss-mimetypes">
867 <glossterm>&MIME;-Types</glossterm>
868 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>M</emphasis>ultipurpose (or
869 Multimedia) <emphasis>I</emphasis>nternet <emphasis>M</emphasis>ail
870 <emphasis>E</emphasis>xtensions; &MIME;-Types were first used to allow
871 the transport of binary data (like mail attachments containing
872 graphics) over mail connections that were normally only transmitting
873 ASCII characters: the data had to be encoded into an ASCII representation.
874 <!--
875 </para>
876 <para>
877 -->
878 Later this concept was extended to describe a data format in
879 a platform independent, but at the same time non-ambiguous, way.
880 From &Windows; everybody knows the .doc extensions for &Microsoft; Word files.
881 This is handled ambiguously on the &Windows; platform: .doc extensions are also
882 used for simple text files or for Adobe Framemaker files. And if a real
883 Word file is renamed with a different extension, it can no longer be
884 opened by the program.
885 <!--
886 </para>
887 <para>
888 -->
889 &MIME; typed files carry a recognition string with them, describing
890 their file format based on <emphasis>main_category/sub_category</emphasis>.
891 Inside IPP, print files are also described using the &MIME; type scheme.
892 &MIME; types are registered with the IANA (Internet Assigning Numbers
893 <emphasis>Association</emphasis>) to keep them unambiguous.
894 <!--
895 </para>
896 <para>
897 -->
898 &CUPS; has some &MIME; types of its own registered, like
899 <emphasis>application/vnd.cups-raster</emphasis> (for the &CUPS;-internal
900 raster image format).
902 </para>
903 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups">&CUPS;</glossseealso>
904 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-easysoftwareproducts">Easy Software Products</glossseealso>
905 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-espprintpro">ESP PrintPro</glossseealso>
906 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-gimpprint">Gimp-Print</glossseealso>
907 </glossdef>
908 </glossentry>
910 <glossentry id="gloss-pcl">
911 <glossterm><acronym>PCL</acronym></glossterm>
912 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>P</emphasis>rinter
913 <emphasis>C</emphasis>ontrol <emphasis>L</emphasis>anguage;
914 developed by &HP;. PCL started off in version 1 as a simple
915 command set for ASCII printing; now,
916 in its versions PCL6 and PCL-X, it is capable of printing graphics
917 and color -- but outside the &Microsoft; &Windows; realm and &HP-UX;
918 (&HP;'s own brand of &UNIX;), it is not commonly used...</para>
919 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-escp">ESC/P</glossseealso>
920 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-hpgl">&HP;/GL</glossseealso>
921 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pdl">PDL</glossseealso>
922 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-postscript">&PostScript;</glossseealso>
923 </glossdef>
924 </glossentry>
926 <glossentry id="gloss-pdl">
927 <glossterm><acronym>PDL</acronym></glossterm>
928 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>P</emphasis>age
929 <emphasis>D</emphasis>escription <emphasis>L</emphasis>anguage;
930 PDLs describe, in an abstract way, the graphical representation
931 of a page. - Before it is actually transferred into
932 toner or ink laid down on to paper, a PDL needs to be
933 "interpreted" first. In &UNIX;, the most important PDL
934 is &PostScript;.
935 </para>
936 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-escp">ESC/P</glossseealso>
937 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-hpgl">&HP;/GL</glossseealso>
938 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pcl">PCL</glossseealso>
939 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-postscript">&PostScript;</glossseealso>
940 </glossdef>
941 </glossentry>
943 <glossentry id="gloss-pixel">
944 <glossterm>Pixel</glossterm>
945 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>Pic</emphasis>ture
946 <emphasis>El</emphasis>ement; this term describes the smallest
947 part of a raster picture (either as printed on paper
948 or as displayed on a monitor by cathode rays or LCD elements). As
949 any graphical or image representation on those types of output
950 devices is composed of pixels, the values of "ppi" (pixel per inch)
951 and &dpi; (dots per inch) are one important parameter for the
952 overall quality and resolution of an image.</para>
953 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-filter">Filter</glossseealso>
954 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ghostscript">Ghostscript</glossseealso>
955 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-postscript">&PostScript;</glossseealso>
956 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-raster">Raster</glossseealso>
957 </glossdef>
958 </glossentry>
960 <glossentry id="gloss-pjl">
961 <glossterm><acronym>PJL</acronym></glossterm>
962 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>P</emphasis>rint
963 <emphasis>J</emphasis>ob <emphasis>L</emphasis>anguage;
964 developed by &HP; to control and influence default and per-job
965 settings of a printer. It may not only be used
966 for &HP;'s own (PCL-)printers; also many &PostScript;
967 and other printers understand PJL commands sent to them
968 inside a print job, or in a separate signal.</para>
969 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pcl">PCL</glossseealso>
970 </glossdef>
971 </glossentry>
973 <glossentry id="gloss-postscript">
974 <glossterm>&PostScript;</glossterm>
975 <glossdef><para>&PostScript; (often shortened to "PS") is the de-facto
976 standard in the &UNIX; world for printing files. It was
977 developed by Adobe and licensed to printer manufacturers
978 and software companies.
979 <!--
980 </para>
981 <para>
982 -->
983 As the &PostScript; specifications were
984 published by Adobe, there are also "Third Party" implementations
985 of &PostScript; generating and &PostScript; interpreting software
986 available (one of the best-known in the Free software world
987 being Ghostscript, a powerful PS-interpreter).
988 </para>
989 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-escp">ESC/P</glossseealso>
990 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-hpgl">&HP;/GL</glossseealso>
991 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pcl">PCL</glossseealso>
992 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ppd">PPD</glossseealso>
993 </glossdef>
994 </glossentry>
996 <glossentry id="gloss-ppd">
997 <glossterm><acronym>PPD</acronym></glossterm>
998 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>P</emphasis>ostScript
999 <emphasis>P</emphasis>rinter <emphasis>D</emphasis>escription;
1000 PPDs are ASCII files storing all information about the special
1001 capabilities of a printer, plus definitions of the (PostScript-
1002 or PJL-) commands to call on a certain capability (like print
1003 duplexing).
1004 <!--
1005 </para>
1006 <para>
1007 -->
1009 As the explanation of the acronym reveals, PPDs were originally
1010 only used for &PostScript; printers. &CUPS; has extended the
1011 PPD concept to all types of printers.
1012 <!--
1013 </para>
1014 <para>
1015 -->
1017 PPDs for &PostScript; printers are provided by the printer
1018 vendors. They can be used with &CUPS; and KDEPrint to have access
1019 to the full features of any &PostScript; printer. The KDEPrint Team
1020 recommends using a PPD originally intended for use with
1021 &Microsoft; Windows NT.
1022 <!--
1023 </para>
1024 <para>
1025 -->
1027 PPDs for non-PostScript printers <emphasis>need</emphasis> a
1028 companion "filter" to process the &PostScript; print files into
1029 a format digestible for the non-PostScript target device. Those
1030 PPD/filter combos are not (yet) available from the vendors. After
1031 the initiative by the &CUPS; developers to utilize PPDs, the Free
1032 Software community was creative enough to quickly come up with
1033 support for most of the currently used printer models, through
1034 PPDs and classical Ghostscript filters. But note: the printout
1035 quality varies from "hi-quality photographic output" (using
1036 Gimp-Print with most Epson inkjets) to "hardly readable" (using
1037 Foomatic-enabled Ghostscript filters for models rated as
1038 "paperweight" in the Linuxprinting.org database).
1039 </para>
1040 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups">&CUPS;</glossseealso>
1041 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-linuxprintingorg">Linuxprinting.org</glossseealso>
1042 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-postscript">&PostScript;</glossseealso>
1043 </glossdef>
1044 </glossentry>
1046 <glossentry id="gloss-PPD-O-Matic">
1047 <glossterm>PPD-O-Matic</glossterm>
1048 <glossdef><para>PPD-O-Matic is a set of Perl scripts that run on the Linuxprinting.org
1049 web server and can be used online to generate PPDs for any printer that is known
1050 to print with Ghostscript.
1051 <!--
1052 </para>
1053 <para>
1054 -->
1056 These PPDs can be hooked up to &CUPS;/KDEPrint, as well as
1057 used inside PPD-aware applications like StarOffice to determine all different
1058 parameters of your printjobs. It is now recommended, in most cases, to
1059 use "PPD-O-Matic" instead of the older &CUPS;-O-Matic.
1060 <!--
1061 </para>
1062 <para>
1063 -->
1065 To generate a PPD, go to the <ulink
1066 url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi">printer
1067 database</ulink>, select your printer model, follow
1068 the link to show the available Ghostscript filters for that printer, select
1069 one, click "generate" and finally save the file to your local system.
1070 Be sure to read the instructions. Make sure that your local system
1071 does indeed have Ghostscript and the filter, which you chose
1072 before generating the PPD, installed.
1073 </para>
1074 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-postscript">&PostScript;</glossseealso>
1075 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-cups-o-matic">&CUPS;-O-Matic</glossseealso>
1076 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-linuxprintingorg">Linuxprinting.org</glossseealso>
1077 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-foomatic">Foomatic</glossseealso>
1078 </glossdef>
1079 </glossentry>
1081 <glossentry id="gloss-printcap">
1082 <glossterm>printcap</glossterm>
1083 <glossdef><para>In BSD-style print systems, the "printcap" file holds
1084 the configuration information; the printing daemon reads this file
1085 to determine which printers are available, what filters are to be
1086 user for each, where the spooling folder is located,
1087 if there are banner pages to be used, and so on...
1088 Some applications also depend on read access to the printcap
1089 file, to obtain the names of available printers. </para>
1090 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-bsdstyleprinting">BSD-style printing</glossseealso>
1091 </glossdef>
1092 </glossentry>
1095 <glossentry id="gloss-printermib">
1096 <glossterm>Printer-<acronym>MIB</acronym></glossterm>
1097 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for
1098 <emphasis>Printer</emphasis>-<emphasis>M</emphasis>anagement
1099 <emphasis>I</emphasis>nformation <emphasis>B</emphasis>ase; the
1100 Printer-MIB defines a set of parameters that are to be
1101 stored inside the printer for access
1102 through the network. This is useful if many (in some cases, literally
1103 thousands) network printers are managed centrally
1104 with the help of SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol).</para>
1105 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pwg">PWG</glossseealso>
1106 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-snmp">SNMP</glossseealso>
1107 </glossdef>
1108 </glossentry>
1110 <glossentry id="gloss-pwg">
1111 <glossterm><acronym>PWG</acronym></glossterm>
1112 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for
1113 <emphasis>P</emphasis>rinter <emphasis>W</emphasis>orking
1114 <emphasis>G</emphasis>roup; the PWG is a loose grouping of
1115 representatives of the printer industry that has, in the past
1116 years, developed different standards
1117 in relation to network printing. These were later accepted by the
1118 IETF as RFC standards, like the "Printer-MIB" and the IPP.</para>
1119 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-postscript">&PostScript;</glossseealso>
1120 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ipp">IPP</glossseealso>
1121 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-printermib">Printer-MIB</glossseealso>
1122 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-snmp">SNMP</glossseealso>
1123 </glossdef>
1124 </glossentry>
1126 <glossentry id="gloss-printkioslave">
1127 <glossterm>print:/ KIO Slave</glossterm>
1128 <glossdef><para>You can use a syntax of "print:/..." to get quick access
1129 to KDEPrint resources. Typing "print:/manager" as a Konqueror URL
1130 address gives administrative access to KDEPrint. Konqueror uses &kde;'s
1131 famous "KParts" technology to achieve that. </para>
1132 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ioslave">IO Slave</glossseealso>
1133 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-kparts">KParts</glossseealso>
1134 </glossdef>
1135 </glossentry>
1138 <glossentry id="gloss-printerdatabase">
1139 <glossterm>Printer Database</glossterm>
1140 <glossdef><para>.</para>
1141 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-linuxprintingdatabase">Linuxprinting Database</glossseealso>
1142 </glossdef>
1143 </glossentry>
1145 <glossentry id="gloss-qtcups">
1146 <glossterm><acronym>Qt&CUPS;</acronym></glossterm>
1147 <glossdef><para>Qt&CUPS; and KUPS were the predecessors of KDEPrint; they are now
1148 deprecated and no longer maintained. What was good in qtcups is all inherited
1149 by "kprinter", the new KDE print dialog (which is much improved over qtcups);
1150 what you liked about kups is now all in the KDEPrint Manager (accessible
1151 via the KDE Control Center or via the URL "print:/manager" from Konqueror) --
1152 with more functionality and less bugs... Its former developer, Michael Goffioul, is now
1153 the developer of KDEPrint -- a very nice and productive guy and quick bug fixer...
1154 </para>
1155 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-kprinter">kprinter</glossseealso>
1156 </glossdef>
1157 </glossentry>
1159 <glossentry id="gloss-raster">
1160 <glossterm>Raster Image</glossterm>
1161 <glossdef><para>Every picture on a physical medium
1162 is composed of a pattern of discrete dots in different colors and (maybe)
1163 sizes. This is called a "raster image".
1164 <!--
1165 </para>
1166 <para>
1167 -->
1169 This is as opposed to a "vector image"
1170 where the graphic is described in terms of continuous curves, shades,
1171 forms and filled areas, represented by mathematical formula. Vector images
1172 normally have a smaller file size and may be scaled in size
1173 without any loss of information and quality --- but they cannot be
1174 output directly, but always have to be "rendered" or "rasterized"
1175 first to the given resolution that the output device is capable of...
1176 <!--
1177 </para>
1178 <para>
1179 -->
1182 The rasterization is done by a Raster Image Processor (RIP,
1183 often the Ghostscript software) or some other filtering
1184 instance.</para>
1185 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pixel">Pixel</glossseealso>
1186 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ghostscript">Ghostscript</glossseealso>
1187 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-postscript">&PostScript;</glossseealso>
1188 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-filter">Filter</glossseealso>
1189 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-rip">RIP</glossseealso>
1190 </glossdef>
1191 </glossentry>
1193 <glossentry id="gloss-rip">
1194 <glossterm><acronym>RIP</acronym></glossterm>
1195 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for
1196 <emphasis>R</emphasis>aster <emphasis>I</emphasis>mage
1197 <emphasis>P</emphasis>rocess(or); if used in the context of
1198 printing, "RIP" means a hardware or software
1199 instance that converts &PostScript; (or other print formats
1200 that are represented in one of the non-Raster PDLs) into a
1201 raster image format in such a way that it is acceptable
1202 for the "marking engine" of the printer.
1203 <!--
1204 </para>
1205 <para>
1206 -->
1208 &PostScript; printers
1209 contain their own PostScript-RIPs. A RIP may or may not be located
1210 inside a printer.
1211 <!--
1212 </para>
1213 <para>
1214 -->
1216 For many &UNIX; systems, Ghostscript is the package that provides
1217 a "RIP in software", running on the host computer, and pre-digesting
1218 the &PostScript; or other data to become ready to be sent to the
1219 printing device (hence you may perceive a "grain of truth" in the
1220 slogan "Ghostscript turns your printer into a &PostScript;
1221 machine", which of course is not correct in the true sense of the
1222 meaning).</para>
1223 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-filter">Filter</glossseealso>
1224 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ghostscript">Ghostscript</glossseealso>
1225 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-postscript">&PostScript;</glossseealso>
1226 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pdl">PDL</glossseealso>
1227 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-raster">Raster</glossseealso>
1228 </glossdef>
1229 </glossentry>
1232 <glossentry id="gloss-rlpr">
1233 <glossterm><acronym>RLPR</acronym> (Remote LPR)</glossterm>
1234 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>R</emphasis>emote
1235 <emphasis>L</emphasis>ine <emphasis>P</emphasis>rinting
1236 <emphasis>R</emphasis>equest; this is a BSD-style printing system,
1237 that needs no root privileges to be installed, and no "printcap" to
1238 work: all parameters may be specified on the command
1239 line.
1240 <!--
1241 </para>
1242 <para>
1243 -->
1245 RLPR comes in handy for many laptop users who are
1246 working in frequently changing environments. This is because it
1247 may be installed concurrently with every other printing
1248 sub system, and allows a very flexible and quick
1249 way to install a printer for direct access via LPR/LPD.
1250 <!--
1251 </para>
1252 <para>
1253 -->
1255 KDEPrint
1256 has an "Add Printer Wizard" to make RLPR usage even easier.
1257 The kprinter command allows switching to RLPR "on
1258 the fly" at any time.</para>
1259 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-kdeprint">KDEPrint</glossseealso>
1260 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-kprinter">kprinter</glossseealso>
1261 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-printcap">printcap</glossseealso>
1262 </glossdef>
1263 </glossentry>
1266 <glossentry id="gloss-snmp">
1267 <glossterm><acronym>SNMP</acronym></glossterm>
1268 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>S</emphasis>imple
1269 <emphasis>N</emphasis>etwork <emphasis>M</emphasis>anagement
1270 <emphasis>P</emphasis>rotocol; SNMP is widely used to control
1271 all types of network node (Hosts, Routers, Switches, Gateways,
1272 Printers...) remotely.</para>
1273 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-pwg">PWG</glossseealso>
1274 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-printermib">Printer-MIB</glossseealso>
1275 </glossdef>
1276 </glossentry>
1278 <glossentry id="gloss-ssl">
1279 <glossterm><acronym>SSL(3)</acronym> encryption</glossterm>
1280 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>S</emphasis>ecure
1281 <emphasis>S</emphasis>ocket <emphasis>L</emphasis>ayer;
1282 <acronym>SSL</acronym> is a proprietary encryption method for data
1283 transfer over HTTP that was developed by Netscape. It is now being
1284 replaced by an IETF standard named TLS.
1285 </para>
1286 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-tls"><acronym>TLS</acronym></glossseealso>
1287 </glossdef>
1288 </glossentry>
1291 <glossentry id="gloss-spooling">
1292 <glossterm><acronym>SPOOL</acronym>ing</glossterm>
1293 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>S</emphasis>ynchronous
1294 <emphasis>P</emphasis>eripheral <emphasis>O</emphasis>perations
1295 <emphasis>O</emphasis>n<emphasis>L</emphasis>ine;
1296 <acronym>SPOOL</acronym>ing enables printing applications
1297 (and users) to continue their work
1298 as the job is being taken care of by a system <acronym>daemon</acronym>,
1299 which stores the file at a temporary location until the printer is ready
1300 to print. </para>
1301 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-daemon"><acronym>Daemon</acronym></glossseealso>
1302 </glossdef>
1303 </glossentry>
1306 <glossentry id="gloss-tls">
1307 <glossterm><acronym>TLS</acronym> encryption</glossterm>
1308 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>T</emphasis>ransport
1309 <emphasis>L</emphasis>ayer <emphasis>S</emphasis>ecurity;
1310 <acronym>TLS</acronym> is an encryption standard for
1311 data transfered over HTTP 1.1; it is defined in RFC 2246;
1312 although based on the former SSL development
1313 (from Netscape) it is not fully compatible with it.
1314 </para>
1315 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ssl"><acronym>SSL(3)</acronym></glossseealso>
1316 </glossdef>
1317 </glossentry>
1320 <glossentry id="gloss-systemVstyleprinting">
1321 <glossterm>System V-style printing</glossterm>
1322 <glossdef><para>This is the second flavor of traditional &UNIX;
1323 printing (as opposed to BSD-style printing). It uses
1324 a different command set (lp, lpadmin,...) to BSD,
1325 but is not fundamentally different from it. However, the
1326 gap between the two is big enough to make the two
1327 incompatible, so that a BSD-client cannot simply print
1328 to a System V style print server without additional
1329 tweaking... IPP is supposed to resolve this weakness
1330 and more.
1331 </para>
1332 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-bsdstyleprinting"><acronym>BSD-style printing</acronym></glossseealso>
1333 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-ipp"><acronym>IPP</acronym></glossseealso>
1334 </glossdef>
1335 </glossentry>
1337 <glossentry id="gloss-turboprint">
1338 <glossterm>TurboPrint</glossterm>
1339 <glossdef><para>Shareware software providing photo quality printing for many
1340 inkjet printers. It is useful if you are unable to find a driver for your
1341 printer and may be hooked into either a traditional Ghostscript system
1342 or a modern &CUPS; system.</para>
1343 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-gimpprint">Gimp-Print</glossseealso>
1344 </glossdef>
1345 </glossentry>
1347 <glossentry id="gloss-xpp">
1348 <glossterm><acronym>XPP</acronym></glossterm>
1349 <glossdef><para>Abbreviation for <emphasis>X</emphasis>
1350 <emphasis>P</emphasis>rinting <emphasis>P</emphasis>anel;
1351 <acronym>XPP</acronym> was the first Free
1352 graphical print command for &CUPS;, written by Till Kamppeter,
1353 and in some ways a model for the "kprinter" utility in &kde;.</para>
1354 </glossdef>
1355 </glossentry>
1356 <!--
1357 <glossentry id="gloss-1">
1358 <glossterm>xxxx</glossterm>
1359 <glossdef><para>.</para>
1360 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-1">xyz</glossseealso>
1361 </glossdef>
1362 </glossentry>
1364 <glossentry id="gloss-3">
1365 <glossterm>xxxx</glossterm>
1366 <glossdef><para>.</para>
1367 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-1">xyz</glossseealso>
1368 </glossdef>
1369 </glossentry>
1371 <glossentry id="gloss-4">
1372 <glossterm>xxxx</glossterm>
1373 <glossdef><para>.</para>
1374 <glossseealso otherterm="gloss-1">xyz</glossseealso>
1375 </glossdef>
1376 </glossentry>
1377 -->
1378 </glossdiv>
1381 <!--
1382 </glossary>
1383 -->