| blob | b65bb2d5368baab70593cddd66931e196dac8ecc |
1 --
2 -- STRINGS
3 -- Test various data entry syntaxes.
4 --
5 -- SQL string continuation syntax
6 -- E021-03 character string literals
7 SELECT 'first line'
8 ' - next line'
9 ' - third line'
10 AS "Three lines to one";
11 Three lines to one
12 -------------------------------------
13 first line - next line - third line
14 (1 row)
16 -- illegal string continuation syntax
17 SELECT 'first line'
18 ' - next line' /* this comment is not allowed here */
19 ' - third line'
20 AS "Illegal comment within continuation";
21 ERROR: syntax error at or near "' - third line'"
22 LINE 3: ' - third line'
23 ^
24 -- Unicode escapes
25 SET standard_conforming_strings TO on;
26 SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
27 data
28 ------
29 data
30 (1 row)
32 SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061" UESCAPE '*';
33 dat\+000061
34 -------------
35 dat\+000061
36 (1 row)
38 SELECT U&'a\\b' AS "a\b";
39 a\b
40 -----
41 a\b
42 (1 row)
44 SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
45 tricky
46 --------
47 \
48 (1 row)
50 SELECT 'tricky' AS U&"\" UESCAPE '!';
51 \
52 --------
53 tricky
54 (1 row)
56 SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
57 ERROR: invalid Unicode escape
58 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
59 ^
60 HINT: Unicode escapes must be \XXXX or \+XXXXXX.
61 SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
62 ERROR: invalid Unicode escape
63 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
64 ^
65 HINT: Unicode escapes must be \XXXX or \+XXXXXX.
66 SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE +;
67 ERROR: UESCAPE must be followed by a simple string literal at or near "+"
68 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE +;
69 ^
70 SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
71 ERROR: invalid Unicode escape character at or near "'+'"
72 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
73 ^
74 SELECT U&'wrong: \db99';
75 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
76 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \db99';
77 ^
78 SELECT U&'wrong: \db99xy';
79 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
80 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \db99xy';
81 ^
82 SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\\';
83 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
84 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\\';
85 ^
86 SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\0061';
87 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
88 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\0061';
89 ^
90 SELECT U&'wrong: \+00db99\+000061';
91 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
92 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+00db99\+000061';
93 ^
94 SELECT U&'wrong: \+2FFFFF';
95 ERROR: invalid Unicode escape value
96 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+2FFFFF';
97 ^
98 -- while we're here, check the same cases in E-style literals
99 SELECT E'd\u0061t\U00000061' AS "data";
100 data
101 ------
102 data
103 (1 row)
105 SELECT E'a\\b' AS "a\b";
106 a\b
107 -----
108 a\b
109 (1 row)
111 SELECT E'wrong: \u061';
112 ERROR: invalid Unicode escape
113 LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \u061';
114 ^
115 HINT: Unicode escapes must be \uXXXX or \UXXXXXXXX.
116 SELECT E'wrong: \U0061';
117 ERROR: invalid Unicode escape
118 LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \U0061';
119 ^
120 HINT: Unicode escapes must be \uXXXX or \UXXXXXXXX.
121 SELECT E'wrong: \udb99';
122 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "'"
123 LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \udb99';
124 ^
125 SELECT E'wrong: \udb99xy';
126 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "x"
127 LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \udb99xy';
128 ^
129 SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\\';
130 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "\"
131 LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\\';
132 ^
133 SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\u0061';
134 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "\u0061"
135 LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\u0061';
136 ^
137 SELECT E'wrong: \U0000db99\U00000061';
138 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "\U00000061"
139 LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \U0000db99\U00000061';
140 ^
141 SELECT E'wrong: \U002FFFFF';
142 ERROR: invalid Unicode escape value at or near "\U002FFFFF"
143 LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \U002FFFFF';
144 ^
145 SET standard_conforming_strings TO off;
146 SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
147 ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
148 LINE 1: SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
149 ^
150 DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when "standard_conforming_strings" is off.
151 SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061" UESCAPE '*';
152 ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
153 LINE 1: SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061...
154 ^
155 DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when "standard_conforming_strings" is off.
156 SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
157 ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
158 LINE 1: SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
159 ^
160 DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when "standard_conforming_strings" is off.
161 SELECT 'tricky' AS U&"\" UESCAPE '!';
162 \
163 --------
164 tricky
165 (1 row)
167 SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
168 ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
169 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
170 ^
171 DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when "standard_conforming_strings" is off.
172 SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
173 ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
174 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
175 ^
176 DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when "standard_conforming_strings" is off.
177 SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
178 ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
179 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
180 ^
181 DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when "standard_conforming_strings" is off.
182 RESET standard_conforming_strings;
183 -- bytea
184 SET bytea_output TO hex;
185 SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEf'::bytea;
186 bytea
187 ------------
188 \xdeadbeef
189 (1 row)
191 SELECT E'\\x De Ad Be Ef '::bytea;
192 bytea
193 ------------
194 \xdeadbeef
195 (1 row)
197 SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeE'::bytea;
198 ERROR: invalid hexadecimal data: odd number of digits
199 LINE 1: SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeE'::bytea;
200 ^
201 SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEx'::bytea;
202 ERROR: invalid hexadecimal digit: "x"
203 LINE 1: SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEx'::bytea;
204 ^
205 SELECT E'\\xDe00BeEf'::bytea;
206 bytea
207 ------------
208 \xde00beef
209 (1 row)
211 SELECT E'DeAdBeEf'::bytea;
212 bytea
213 --------------------
214 \x4465416442654566
215 (1 row)
217 SELECT E'De\\000dBeEf'::bytea;
218 bytea
219 --------------------
220 \x4465006442654566
221 (1 row)
223 SELECT E'De\123dBeEf'::bytea;
224 bytea
225 --------------------
226 \x4465536442654566
227 (1 row)
229 SELECT E'De\\123dBeEf'::bytea;
230 bytea
231 --------------------
232 \x4465536442654566
233 (1 row)
235 SELECT E'De\\678dBeEf'::bytea;
236 ERROR: invalid input syntax for type bytea
237 LINE 1: SELECT E'De\\678dBeEf'::bytea;
238 ^
239 SET bytea_output TO escape;
240 SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEf'::bytea;
241 bytea
242 ------------------
243 \336\255\276\357
244 (1 row)
246 SELECT E'\\x De Ad Be Ef '::bytea;
247 bytea
248 ------------------
249 \336\255\276\357
250 (1 row)
252 SELECT E'\\xDe00BeEf'::bytea;
253 bytea
254 ------------------
255 \336\000\276\357
256 (1 row)
258 SELECT E'DeAdBeEf'::bytea;
259 bytea
260 ----------
261 DeAdBeEf
262 (1 row)
264 SELECT E'De\\000dBeEf'::bytea;
265 bytea
266 -------------
267 De\000dBeEf
268 (1 row)
270 SELECT E'De\\123dBeEf'::bytea;
271 bytea
272 ----------
273 DeSdBeEf
274 (1 row)
276 -- Test non-error-throwing API too
277 SELECT pg_input_is_valid(E'\\xDeAdBeE', 'bytea');
278 pg_input_is_valid
279 -------------------
280 f
281 (1 row)
283 SELECT * FROM pg_input_error_info(E'\\xDeAdBeE', 'bytea');
284 message | detail | hint | sql_error_code
285 ------------------------------------------------+--------+------+----------------
286 invalid hexadecimal data: odd number of digits | | | 22023
287 (1 row)
289 SELECT * FROM pg_input_error_info(E'\\xDeAdBeEx', 'bytea');
290 message | detail | hint | sql_error_code
291 --------------------------------+--------+------+----------------
292 invalid hexadecimal digit: "x" | | | 22023
293 (1 row)
295 SELECT * FROM pg_input_error_info(E'foo\\99bar', 'bytea');
296 message | detail | hint | sql_error_code
297 -------------------------------------+--------+------+----------------
298 invalid input syntax for type bytea | | | 22P02
299 (1 row)
301 --
302 -- test conversions between various string types
303 -- E021-10 implicit casting among the character data types
304 --
305 SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(char)" FROM CHAR_TBL;
306 text(char)
307 ------------
308 a
309 ab
310 abcd
311 abcd
312 (4 rows)
314 SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
315 text(varchar)
316 ---------------
317 a
318 ab
319 abcd
320 abcd
321 (4 rows)
323 SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS text) AS "text(name)";
324 text(name)
325 ------------
326 namefield
327 (1 row)
329 -- since this is an explicit cast, it should truncate w/o error:
330 SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
331 char(text)
332 ------------
333 doh!
334 hi de ho n
335 (2 rows)
337 -- note: implicit-cast case is tested in char.sql
338 SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(20)) AS "char(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
339 char(text)
340 ----------------------
341 doh!
342 hi de ho neighbor
343 (2 rows)
345 SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
346 char(varchar)
347 ---------------
348 a
349 ab
350 abcd
351 abcd
352 (4 rows)
354 SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS char(10)) AS "char(name)";
355 char(name)
356 ------------
357 namefield
358 (1 row)
360 SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
361 varchar(text)
362 -------------------
363 doh!
364 hi de ho neighbor
365 (2 rows)
367 SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(char)" FROM CHAR_TBL;
368 varchar(char)
369 ---------------
370 a
371 ab
372 abcd
373 abcd
374 (4 rows)
376 SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS varchar) AS "varchar(name)";
377 varchar(name)
378 ---------------
379 namefield
380 (1 row)
382 --
383 -- test SQL string functions
384 -- E### and T### are feature reference numbers from SQL99
385 --
386 -- E021-09 trim function
387 SELECT TRIM(BOTH FROM ' bunch o blanks ') = 'bunch o blanks' AS "bunch o blanks";
388 bunch o blanks
389 ----------------
390 t
391 (1 row)
393 SELECT TRIM(LEADING FROM ' bunch o blanks ') = 'bunch o blanks ' AS "bunch o blanks ";
394 bunch o blanks
395 ------------------
396 t
397 (1 row)
399 SELECT TRIM(TRAILING FROM ' bunch o blanks ') = ' bunch o blanks' AS " bunch o blanks";
400 bunch o blanks
401 ------------------
402 t
403 (1 row)
405 SELECT TRIM(BOTH 'x' FROM 'xxxxxsome Xsxxxxx') = 'some Xs' AS "some Xs";
406 some Xs
407 ---------
408 t
409 (1 row)
411 -- E021-06 substring expression
412 SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 3) = '34567890' AS "34567890";
413 34567890
414 ----------
415 t
416 (1 row)
418 SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 4 FOR 3) = '456' AS "456";
419 456
420 -----
421 t
422 (1 row)
424 -- test overflow cases
425 SELECT SUBSTRING('string' FROM 2 FOR 2147483646) AS "tring";
426 tring
427 -------
428 tring
429 (1 row)
431 SELECT SUBSTRING('string' FROM -10 FOR 2147483646) AS "string";
432 string
433 --------
434 string
435 (1 row)
437 SELECT SUBSTRING('string' FROM -10 FOR -2147483646) AS "error";
438 ERROR: negative substring length not allowed
439 -- T581 regular expression substring (with SQL's bizarre regexp syntax)
440 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"(b_d)#"%' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcd";
441 bcd
442 -----
443 bcd
444 (1 row)
446 -- obsolete SQL99 syntax
447 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'a#"(b_d)#"%' FOR '#') AS "bcd";
448 bcd
449 -----
450 bcd
451 (1 row)
453 -- No match should return NULL
454 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR '#"(b_d)#"%' ESCAPE '#') IS NULL AS "True";
455 True
456 ------
457 t
458 (1 row)
460 -- Null inputs should return NULL
461 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR '%' ESCAPE NULL) IS NULL AS "True";
462 True
463 ------
464 t
465 (1 row)
467 SELECT SUBSTRING(NULL SIMILAR '%' ESCAPE '#') IS NULL AS "True";
468 True
469 ------
470 t
471 (1 row)
473 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR NULL ESCAPE '#') IS NULL AS "True";
474 True
475 ------
476 t
477 (1 row)
479 -- The first and last parts should act non-greedy
480 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%#"g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
481 bcdef
482 -------
483 bcdef
484 (1 row)
486 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a*#"%#"g*' ESCAPE '#') AS "abcdefg";
487 abcdefg
488 ---------
489 abcdefg
490 (1 row)
492 -- Vertical bar in any part affects only that part
493 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a|b#"%#"g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
494 bcdef
495 -------
496 bcdef
497 (1 row)
499 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%#"x|g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
500 bcdef
501 -------
502 bcdef
503 (1 row)
505 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%|ab#"g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
506 bcdef
507 -------
508 bcdef
509 (1 row)
511 -- Can't have more than two part separators
512 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a*#"%#"g*#"x' ESCAPE '#') AS "error";
513 ERROR: SQL regular expression may not contain more than two escape-double-quote separators
514 CONTEXT: SQL function "substring" statement 1
515 -- Postgres extension: with 0 or 1 separator, assume parts 1 and 3 are empty
516 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdefg";
517 bcdefg
518 --------
519 bcdefg
520 (1 row)
522 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a%g' ESCAPE '#') AS "abcdefg";
523 abcdefg
524 ---------
525 abcdefg
526 (1 row)
528 -- substring() with just two arguments is not allowed by SQL spec;
529 -- we accept it, but we interpret the pattern as a POSIX regexp not SQL
530 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'c.e') AS "cde";
531 cde
532 -----
533 cde
534 (1 row)
536 -- With a parenthesized subexpression, return only what matches the subexpr
537 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'b(.*)f') AS "cde";
538 cde
539 -----
540 cde
541 (1 row)
543 -- Check case where we have a match, but not a subexpression match
544 SELECT SUBSTRING('foo' FROM 'foo(bar)?') IS NULL AS t;
545 t
546 ---
547 t
548 (1 row)
550 -- Check behavior of SIMILAR TO, which uses largely the same regexp variant
551 SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd%' AS true;
552 true
553 ------
554 t
555 (1 row)
557 SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO 'bcd%' AS false;
558 false
559 -------
560 f
561 (1 row)
563 SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd#%' ESCAPE '#' AS false;
564 false
565 -------
566 f
567 (1 row)
569 SELECT 'abcd%' SIMILAR TO '_bcd#%' ESCAPE '#' AS true;
570 true
571 ------
572 t
573 (1 row)
575 -- Postgres uses '\' as the default escape character, which is not per spec
576 SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd\%' AS false;
577 false
578 -------
579 f
580 (1 row)
582 -- and an empty string to mean "no escape", which is also not per spec
583 SELECT 'abcd\efg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd\%' ESCAPE '' AS true;
584 true
585 ------
586 t
587 (1 row)
589 -- these behaviors are per spec, though:
590 SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd%' ESCAPE NULL AS null;
591 null
592 ------
594 (1 row)
596 SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd#%' ESCAPE '##' AS error;
597 ERROR: invalid escape string
598 HINT: Escape string must be empty or one character.
599 -- Test backslash escapes in regexp_replace's replacement string
600 SELECT regexp_replace('1112223333', E'(\\d{3})(\\d{3})(\\d{4})', E'(\\1) \\2-\\3');
601 regexp_replace
602 ----------------
603 (111) 222-3333
604 (1 row)
606 SELECT regexp_replace('foobarrbazz', E'(.)\\1', E'X\\&Y', 'g');
607 regexp_replace
608 -------------------
609 fXooYbaXrrYbaXzzY
610 (1 row)
612 SELECT regexp_replace('foobarrbazz', E'(.)\\1', E'X\\\\Y', 'g');
613 regexp_replace
614 ----------------
615 fX\YbaX\YbaX\Y
616 (1 row)
618 -- not an error, though perhaps it should be:
619 SELECT regexp_replace('foobarrbazz', E'(.)\\1', E'X\\Y\\1Z\\');
620 regexp_replace
621 -----------------
622 fX\YoZ\barrbazz
623 (1 row)
625 SELECT regexp_replace('AAA BBB CCC ', E'\\s+', ' ', 'g');
626 regexp_replace
627 ----------------
628 AAA BBB CCC
629 (1 row)
631 SELECT regexp_replace('AAA', '^|$', 'Z', 'g');
632 regexp_replace
633 ----------------
634 ZAAAZ
635 (1 row)
637 SELECT regexp_replace('AAA aaa', 'A+', 'Z', 'gi');
638 regexp_replace
639 ----------------
640 Z Z
641 (1 row)
643 -- invalid regexp option
644 SELECT regexp_replace('AAA aaa', 'A+', 'Z', 'z');
645 ERROR: invalid regular expression option: "z"
646 -- extended regexp_replace tests
647 SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'A|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1);
648 regexp_replace
649 -----------------------
650 X PostgreSQL function
651 (1 row)
653 SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'A|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 2);
654 regexp_replace
655 -----------------------
656 A PXstgreSQL function
657 (1 row)
659 SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 0, 'i');
660 regexp_replace
661 -----------------------
662 X PXstgrXSQL fXnctXXn
663 (1 row)
665 SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 1, 'i');
666 regexp_replace
667 -----------------------
668 X PostgreSQL function
669 (1 row)
671 SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 2, 'i');
672 regexp_replace
673 -----------------------
674 A PXstgreSQL function
675 (1 row)
677 SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 3, 'i');
678 regexp_replace
679 -----------------------
680 A PostgrXSQL function
681 (1 row)
683 SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 9, 'i');
684 regexp_replace
685 -----------------------
686 A PostgreSQL function
687 (1 row)
689 SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'A|e|i|o|u', 'X', 7, 0, 'i');
690 regexp_replace
691 -----------------------
692 A PostgrXSQL fXnctXXn
693 (1 row)
695 -- 'g' flag should be ignored when N is specified
696 SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 1, 'g');
697 regexp_replace
698 -----------------------
699 A PXstgreSQL function
700 (1 row)
702 -- errors
703 SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', -1, 0, 'i');
704 ERROR: invalid value for parameter "start": -1
705 SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, -1, 'i');
706 ERROR: invalid value for parameter "n": -1
707 -- erroneous invocation of non-extended form
708 SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', '1');
709 ERROR: invalid regular expression option: "1"
710 HINT: If you meant to use regexp_replace() with a start parameter, cast the fourth argument to integer explicitly.
711 -- regexp_count tests
712 SELECT regexp_count('123123123123123', '(12)3');
713 regexp_count
714 --------------
715 5
716 (1 row)
718 SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 1);
719 regexp_count
720 --------------
721 4
722 (1 row)
724 SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 3);
725 regexp_count
726 --------------
727 3
728 (1 row)
730 SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 33);
731 regexp_count
732 --------------
733 0
734 (1 row)
736 SELECT regexp_count('ABCABCABCABC', 'Abc', 1, '');
737 regexp_count
738 --------------
739 0
740 (1 row)
742 SELECT regexp_count('ABCABCABCABC', 'Abc', 1, 'i');
743 regexp_count
744 --------------
745 4
746 (1 row)
748 -- errors
749 SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 0);
750 ERROR: invalid value for parameter "start": 0
751 SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', -3);
752 ERROR: invalid value for parameter "start": -3
753 -- regexp_like tests
754 SELECT regexp_like('Steven', '^Ste(v|ph)en$');
755 regexp_like
756 -------------
757 t
758 (1 row)
760 SELECT regexp_like('a'||CHR(10)||'d', 'a.d', 'n');
761 regexp_like
762 -------------
763 f
764 (1 row)
766 SELECT regexp_like('a'||CHR(10)||'d', 'a.d', 's');
767 regexp_like
768 -------------
769 t
770 (1 row)
772 SELECT regexp_like('abc', ' a . c ', 'x');
773 regexp_like
774 -------------
775 t
776 (1 row)
778 SELECT regexp_like('abc', 'a.c', 'g'); -- error
779 ERROR: regexp_like() does not support the "global" option
780 -- regexp_instr tests
781 SELECT regexp_instr('abcdefghi', 'd.f');
782 regexp_instr
783 --------------
784 4
785 (1 row)
787 SELECT regexp_instr('abcdefghi', 'd.q');
788 regexp_instr
789 --------------
790 0
791 (1 row)
793 SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c');
794 regexp_instr
795 --------------
796 1
797 (1 row)
799 SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 2);
800 regexp_instr
801 --------------
802 4
803 (1 row)
805 SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 3);
806 regexp_instr
807 --------------
808 7
809 (1 row)
811 SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 4);
812 regexp_instr
813 --------------
814 0
815 (1 row)
817 SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'A.C', 1, 2, 0, 'i');
818 regexp_instr
819 --------------
820 4
821 (1 row)
823 SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 0);
824 regexp_instr
825 --------------
826 1
827 (1 row)
829 SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 1);
830 regexp_instr
831 --------------
832 1
833 (1 row)
835 SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 2);
836 regexp_instr
837 --------------
838 4
839 (1 row)
841 SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 3);
842 regexp_instr
843 --------------
844 5
845 (1 row)
847 SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 4);
848 regexp_instr
849 --------------
850 7
851 (1 row)
853 SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 5);
854 regexp_instr
855 --------------
856 0
857 (1 row)
859 SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 0);
860 regexp_instr
861 --------------
862 9
863 (1 row)
865 SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 1);
866 regexp_instr
867 --------------
868 4
869 (1 row)
871 SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 2);
872 regexp_instr
873 --------------
874 9
875 (1 row)
877 SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 3);
878 regexp_instr
879 --------------
880 7
881 (1 row)
883 SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 4);
884 regexp_instr
885 --------------
886 9
887 (1 row)
889 SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 5);
890 regexp_instr
891 --------------
892 0
893 (1 row)
895 -- Check case where we have a match, but not a subexpression match
896 SELECT regexp_instr('foo', 'foo(bar)?', 1, 1, 0, '', 1);
897 regexp_instr
898 --------------
899 0
900 (1 row)
902 -- errors
903 SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 0, 1);
904 ERROR: invalid value for parameter "start": 0
905 SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 0);
906 ERROR: invalid value for parameter "n": 0
907 SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, -1);
908 ERROR: invalid value for parameter "endoption": -1
909 SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 2);
910 ERROR: invalid value for parameter "endoption": 2
911 SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 0, 'g');
912 ERROR: regexp_instr() does not support the "global" option
913 SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 0, '', -1);
914 ERROR: invalid value for parameter "subexpr": -1
915 -- regexp_substr tests
916 SELECT regexp_substr('abcdefghi', 'd.f');
917 regexp_substr
918 ---------------
919 def
920 (1 row)
922 SELECT regexp_substr('abcdefghi', 'd.q') IS NULL AS t;
923 t
924 ---
925 t
926 (1 row)
928 SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c');
929 regexp_substr
930 ---------------
931 abc
932 (1 row)
934 SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 2);
935 regexp_substr
936 ---------------
937 abc
938 (1 row)
940 SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 3);
941 regexp_substr
942 ---------------
943 abc
944 (1 row)
946 SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 4) IS NULL AS t;
947 t
948 ---
949 t
950 (1 row)
952 SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'A.C', 1, 2, 'i');
953 regexp_substr
954 ---------------
955 abc
956 (1 row)
958 SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 0);
959 regexp_substr
960 ---------------
961 12345678
962 (1 row)
964 SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 1);
965 regexp_substr
966 ---------------
967 123
968 (1 row)
970 SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 2);
971 regexp_substr
972 ---------------
973 45678
974 (1 row)
976 SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 3);
977 regexp_substr
978 ---------------
979 56
980 (1 row)
982 SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 4);
983 regexp_substr
984 ---------------
985 78
986 (1 row)
988 SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 5) IS NULL AS t;
989 t
990 ---
991 t
992 (1 row)
994 -- Check case where we have a match, but not a subexpression match
995 SELECT regexp_substr('foo', 'foo(bar)?', 1, 1, '', 1) IS NULL AS t;
996 t
997 ---
998 t
999 (1 row)
1001 -- errors
1002 SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 0, 1);
1003 ERROR: invalid value for parameter "start": 0
1004 SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 0);
1005 ERROR: invalid value for parameter "n": 0
1006 SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 'g');
1007 ERROR: regexp_substr() does not support the "global" option
1008 SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, '', -1);
1009 ERROR: invalid value for parameter "subexpr": -1
1010 -- set so we can tell NULL from empty string
1011 \pset null '\\N'
1012 -- return all matches from regexp
1013 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$);
1014 regexp_matches
1015 ----------------
1016 {bar,beque}
1017 (1 row)
1019 -- test case insensitive
1020 SELECT regexp_matches('foObARbEqUEbAz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$, 'i');
1021 regexp_matches
1022 ----------------
1023 {bAR,bEqUE}
1024 (1 row)
1026 -- global option - more than one match
1027 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebazilbarfbonk', $re$(b[^b]+)(b[^b]+)$re$, 'g');
1028 regexp_matches
1029 ----------------
1030 {bar,beque}
1031 {bazil,barf}
1032 (2 rows)
1034 -- empty capture group (matched empty string)
1035 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.*)(beque)$re$);
1036 regexp_matches
1037 ----------------
1038 {bar,"",beque}
1039 (1 row)
1041 -- no match
1042 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.+)(beque)$re$);
1043 regexp_matches
1044 ----------------
1045 (0 rows)
1047 -- optional capture group did not match, null entry in array
1048 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.+)?(beque)$re$);
1049 regexp_matches
1050 ------------------
1051 {bar,NULL,beque}
1052 (1 row)
1054 -- no capture groups
1055 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$barbeque$re$);
1056 regexp_matches
1057 ----------------
1058 {barbeque}
1059 (1 row)
1061 -- start/end-of-line matches are of zero length
1062 SELECT regexp_matches('foo' || chr(10) || 'bar' || chr(10) || 'bequq' || chr(10) || 'baz', '^', 'mg');
1063 regexp_matches
1064 ----------------
1065 {""}
1066 {""}
1067 {""}
1068 {""}
1069 (4 rows)
1071 SELECT regexp_matches('foo' || chr(10) || 'bar' || chr(10) || 'bequq' || chr(10) || 'baz', '$', 'mg');
1072 regexp_matches
1073 ----------------
1074 {""}
1075 {""}
1076 {""}
1077 {""}
1078 (4 rows)
1080 SELECT regexp_matches('1' || chr(10) || '2' || chr(10) || '3' || chr(10) || '4' || chr(10), '^.?', 'mg');
1081 regexp_matches
1082 ----------------
1083 {1}
1084 {2}
1085 {3}
1086 {4}
1087 {""}
1088 (5 rows)
1090 SELECT regexp_matches(chr(10) || '1' || chr(10) || '2' || chr(10) || '3' || chr(10) || '4' || chr(10), '.?$', 'mg');
1091 regexp_matches
1092 ----------------
1093 {""}
1094 {1}
1095 {""}
1096 {2}
1097 {""}
1098 {3}
1099 {""}
1100 {4}
1101 {""}
1102 {""}
1103 (10 rows)
1105 SELECT regexp_matches(chr(10) || '1' || chr(10) || '2' || chr(10) || '3' || chr(10) || '4', '.?$', 'mg');
1106 regexp_matches
1107 ----------------
1108 {""}
1109 {1}
1110 {""}
1111 {2}
1112 {""}
1113 {3}
1114 {""}
1115 {4}
1116 {""}
1117 (9 rows)
1119 -- give me errors
1120 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$, 'gz');
1121 ERROR: invalid regular expression option: "z"
1122 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(barbeque$re$);
1123 ERROR: invalid regular expression: parentheses () not balanced
1124 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque){2,1}$re$);
1125 ERROR: invalid regular expression: invalid repetition count(s)
1126 -- split string on regexp
1127 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s+$re$) AS foo;
1128 foo | length
1129 -------+--------
1130 the | 3
1131 quick | 5
1132 brown | 5
1133 fox | 3
1134 jumps | 5
1135 over | 4
1136 the | 3
1137 lazy | 4
1138 dog | 3
1139 (9 rows)
1141 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s+$re$);
1142 regexp_split_to_array
1143 -----------------------------------------------
1144 {the,quick,brown,fox,jumps,over,the,lazy,dog}
1145 (1 row)
1147 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$) AS foo;
1148 foo | length
1149 -----+--------
1150 t | 1
1151 h | 1
1152 e | 1
1153 q | 1
1154 u | 1
1155 i | 1
1156 c | 1
1157 k | 1
1158 b | 1
1159 r | 1
1160 o | 1
1161 w | 1
1162 n | 1
1163 f | 1
1164 o | 1
1165 x | 1
1166 j | 1
1167 u | 1
1168 m | 1
1169 p | 1
1170 s | 1
1171 o | 1
1172 v | 1
1173 e | 1
1174 r | 1
1175 t | 1
1176 h | 1
1177 e | 1
1178 l | 1
1179 a | 1
1180 z | 1
1181 y | 1
1182 d | 1
1183 o | 1
1184 g | 1
1185 (35 rows)
1187 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$);
1188 regexp_split_to_array
1189 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
1190 {t,h,e,q,u,i,c,k,b,r,o,w,n,f,o,x,j,u,m,p,s,o,v,e,r,t,h,e,l,a,z,y,d,o,g}
1191 (1 row)
1193 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', '') AS foo;
1194 foo | length
1195 -----+--------
1196 t | 1
1197 h | 1
1198 e | 1
1199 | 1
1200 q | 1
1201 u | 1
1202 i | 1
1203 c | 1
1204 k | 1
1205 | 1
1206 b | 1
1207 r | 1
1208 o | 1
1209 w | 1
1210 n | 1
1211 | 1
1212 f | 1
1213 o | 1
1214 x | 1
1215 | 1
1216 j | 1
1217 u | 1
1218 m | 1
1219 p | 1
1220 s | 1
1221 | 1
1222 o | 1
1223 v | 1
1224 e | 1
1225 r | 1
1226 | 1
1227 t | 1
1228 h | 1
1229 e | 1
1230 | 1
1231 l | 1
1232 a | 1
1233 z | 1
1234 y | 1
1235 | 1
1236 d | 1
1237 o | 1
1238 g | 1
1239 (43 rows)
1241 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', '');
1242 regexp_split_to_array
1243 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1244 {t,h,e," ",q,u,i,c,k," ",b,r,o,w,n," ",f,o,x," ",j,u,m,p,s," ",o,v,e,r," ",t,h,e," ",l,a,z,y," ",d,o,g}
1245 (1 row)
1247 -- case insensitive
1248 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'i') AS foo;
1249 foo | length
1250 ---------------------------+--------
1251 th | 2
1252 QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ov | 25
1253 r Th | 4
1254 lazy dOG | 9
1255 (4 rows)
1257 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'i');
1258 regexp_split_to_array
1259 -----------------------------------------------------
1260 {th," QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ov","r Th"," lazy dOG"}
1261 (1 row)
1263 -- no match of pattern
1264 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 'nomatch') AS foo;
1265 foo | length
1266 ---------------------------------------------+--------
1267 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog | 43
1268 (1 row)
1270 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 'nomatch');
1271 regexp_split_to_array
1272 -------------------------------------------------
1273 {"the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"}
1274 (1 row)
1276 -- some corner cases
1277 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','1');
1278 regexp_split_to_array
1279 -----------------------
1280 {"",23456}
1281 (1 row)
1283 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','6');
1284 regexp_split_to_array
1285 -----------------------
1286 {12345,""}
1287 (1 row)
1289 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','.');
1290 regexp_split_to_array
1291 ------------------------
1292 {"","","","","","",""}
1293 (1 row)
1295 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','');
1296 regexp_split_to_array
1297 -----------------------
1298 {1,2,3,4,5,6}
1299 (1 row)
1301 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','(?:)');
1302 regexp_split_to_array
1303 -----------------------
1304 {1,2,3,4,5,6}
1305 (1 row)
1307 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('1','');
1308 regexp_split_to_array
1309 -----------------------
1310 {1}
1311 (1 row)
1313 -- errors
1314 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'zippy') AS foo;
1315 ERROR: invalid regular expression option: "z"
1316 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'iz');
1317 ERROR: invalid regular expression option: "z"
1318 -- global option meaningless for regexp_split
1319 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'g') AS foo;
1320 ERROR: regexp_split_to_table() does not support the "global" option
1321 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'g');
1322 ERROR: regexp_split_to_array() does not support the "global" option
1323 -- change NULL-display back
1324 \pset null ''
1325 -- E021-11 position expression
1326 SELECT POSITION('4' IN '1234567890') = '4' AS "4";
1327 4
1328 ---
1329 t
1330 (1 row)
1332 SELECT POSITION('5' IN '1234567890') = '5' AS "5";
1333 5
1334 ---
1335 t
1336 (1 row)
1338 -- T312 character overlay function
1339 SELECT OVERLAY('abcdef' PLACING '45' FROM 4) AS "abc45f";
1340 abc45f
1341 --------
1342 abc45f
1343 (1 row)
1345 SELECT OVERLAY('yabadoo' PLACING 'daba' FROM 5) AS "yabadaba";
1346 yabadaba
1347 ----------
1348 yabadaba
1349 (1 row)
1351 SELECT OVERLAY('yabadoo' PLACING 'daba' FROM 5 FOR 0) AS "yabadabadoo";
1352 yabadabadoo
1353 -------------
1354 yabadabadoo
1355 (1 row)
1357 SELECT OVERLAY('babosa' PLACING 'ubb' FROM 2 FOR 4) AS "bubba";
1358 bubba
1359 -------
1360 bubba
1361 (1 row)
1363 --
1364 -- test LIKE
1365 -- Be sure to form every test as a LIKE/NOT LIKE pair.
1366 --
1367 -- simplest examples
1368 -- E061-04 like predicate
1369 SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' AS "true";
1370 true
1371 ------
1372 t
1373 (1 row)
1375 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' AS "false";
1376 false
1377 -------
1378 f
1379 (1 row)
1381 SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'H%' AS "false";
1382 false
1383 -------
1384 f
1385 (1 row)
1387 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'H%' AS "true";
1388 true
1389 ------
1390 t
1391 (1 row)
1393 SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'indio%' AS "false";
1394 false
1395 -------
1396 f
1397 (1 row)
1399 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'indio%' AS "true";
1400 true
1401 ------
1402 t
1403 (1 row)
1405 SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%eye' AS "true";
1406 true
1407 ------
1408 t
1409 (1 row)
1411 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%eye' AS "false";
1412 false
1413 -------
1414 f
1415 (1 row)
1417 SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' AS "true";
1418 true
1419 ------
1420 t
1421 (1 row)
1423 SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' AS "false";
1424 false
1425 -------
1426 f
1427 (1 row)
1429 SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in__o' AS "true";
1430 true
1431 ------
1432 t
1433 (1 row)
1435 SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in__o' AS "false";
1436 false
1437 -------
1438 f
1439 (1 row)
1441 SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in_o' AS "false";
1442 false
1443 -------
1444 f
1445 (1 row)
1447 SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in_o' AS "true";
1448 true
1449 ------
1450 t
1451 (1 row)
1453 SELECT 'abc'::name LIKE '_b_' AS "true";
1454 true
1455 ------
1456 t
1457 (1 row)
1459 SELECT 'abc'::name NOT LIKE '_b_' AS "false";
1460 false
1461 -------
1462 f
1463 (1 row)
1465 SELECT 'abc'::bytea LIKE '_b_'::bytea AS "true";
1466 true
1467 ------
1468 t
1469 (1 row)
1471 SELECT 'abc'::bytea NOT LIKE '_b_'::bytea AS "false";
1472 false
1473 -------
1474 f
1475 (1 row)
1477 -- unused escape character
1478 SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
1479 true
1480 ------
1481 t
1482 (1 row)
1484 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
1485 false
1486 -------
1487 f
1488 (1 row)
1490 SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
1491 true
1492 ------
1493 t
1494 (1 row)
1496 SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
1497 false
1498 -------
1499 f
1500 (1 row)
1502 -- escape character
1503 -- E061-05 like predicate with escape clause
1504 SELECT 'h%' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
1505 true
1506 ------
1507 t
1508 (1 row)
1510 SELECT 'h%' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
1511 false
1512 -------
1513 f
1514 (1 row)
1516 SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
1517 false
1518 -------
1519 f
1520 (1 row)
1522 SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
1523 true
1524 ------
1525 t
1526 (1 row)
1528 SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
1529 true
1530 ------
1531 t
1532 (1 row)
1534 SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
1535 false
1536 -------
1537 f
1538 (1 row)
1540 SELECT 'h%awkeye' LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
1541 true
1542 ------
1543 t
1544 (1 row)
1546 SELECT 'h%awkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
1547 false
1548 -------
1549 f
1550 (1 row)
1552 SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
1553 true
1554 ------
1555 t
1556 (1 row)
1558 SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
1559 false
1560 -------
1561 f
1562 (1 row)
1564 SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
1565 true
1566 ------
1567 t
1568 (1 row)
1570 SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
1571 false
1572 -------
1573 f
1574 (1 row)
1576 SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
1577 false
1578 -------
1579 f
1580 (1 row)
1582 SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
1583 true
1584 ------
1585 t
1586 (1 row)
1588 SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
1589 true
1590 ------
1591 t
1592 (1 row)
1594 SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
1595 false
1596 -------
1597 f
1598 (1 row)
1600 SELECT 'a_c'::bytea LIKE 'a$__'::bytea ESCAPE '$'::bytea AS "true";
1601 true
1602 ------
1603 t
1604 (1 row)
1606 SELECT 'a_c'::bytea NOT LIKE 'a$__'::bytea ESCAPE '$'::bytea AS "false";
1607 false
1608 -------
1609 f
1610 (1 row)
1612 -- escape character same as pattern character
1613 SELECT 'maca' LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "true";
1614 true
1615 ------
1616 t
1617 (1 row)
1619 SELECT 'maca' NOT LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "false";
1620 false
1621 -------
1622 f
1623 (1 row)
1625 SELECT 'ma%a' LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "true";
1626 true
1627 ------
1628 t
1629 (1 row)
1631 SELECT 'ma%a' NOT LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "false";
1632 false
1633 -------
1634 f
1635 (1 row)
1637 SELECT 'bear' LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
1638 true
1639 ------
1640 t
1641 (1 row)
1643 SELECT 'bear' NOT LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
1644 false
1645 -------
1646 f
1647 (1 row)
1649 SELECT 'be_r' LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
1650 true
1651 ------
1652 t
1653 (1 row)
1655 SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
1656 false
1657 -------
1658 f
1659 (1 row)
1661 SELECT 'be_r' LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
1662 false
1663 -------
1664 f
1665 (1 row)
1667 SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
1668 true
1669 ------
1670 t
1671 (1 row)
1673 --
1674 -- test ILIKE (case-insensitive LIKE)
1675 -- Be sure to form every test as an ILIKE/NOT ILIKE pair.
1676 --
1677 SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true";
1678 true
1679 ------
1680 t
1681 (1 row)
1683 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false";
1684 false
1685 -------
1686 f
1687 (1 row)
1689 SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%' AS "true";
1690 true
1691 ------
1692 t
1693 (1 row)
1695 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%' AS "false";
1696 false
1697 -------
1698 f
1699 (1 row)
1701 SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "true";
1702 true
1703 ------
1704 t
1705 (1 row)
1707 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "false";
1708 false
1709 -------
1710 f
1711 (1 row)
1713 SELECT 'Hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true";
1714 true
1715 ------
1716 t
1717 (1 row)
1719 SELECT 'Hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false";
1720 false
1721 -------
1722 f
1723 (1 row)
1725 SELECT 'ABC'::name ILIKE '_b_' AS "true";
1726 true
1727 ------
1728 t
1729 (1 row)
1731 SELECT 'ABC'::name NOT ILIKE '_b_' AS "false";
1732 false
1733 -------
1734 f
1735 (1 row)
1737 --
1738 -- test %/_ combination cases, cf bugs #4821 and #5478
1739 --
1740 SELECT 'foo' LIKE '_%' as t, 'f' LIKE '_%' as t, '' LIKE '_%' as f;
1741 t | t | f
1742 ---+---+---
1743 t | t | f
1744 (1 row)
1746 SELECT 'foo' LIKE '%_' as t, 'f' LIKE '%_' as t, '' LIKE '%_' as f;
1747 t | t | f
1748 ---+---+---
1749 t | t | f
1750 (1 row)
1752 SELECT 'foo' LIKE '__%' as t, 'foo' LIKE '___%' as t, 'foo' LIKE '____%' as f;
1753 t | t | f
1754 ---+---+---
1755 t | t | f
1756 (1 row)
1758 SELECT 'foo' LIKE '%__' as t, 'foo' LIKE '%___' as t, 'foo' LIKE '%____' as f;
1759 t | t | f
1760 ---+---+---
1761 t | t | f
1762 (1 row)
1764 SELECT 'jack' LIKE '%____%' AS t;
1765 t
1766 ---
1767 t
1768 (1 row)
1770 --
1771 -- basic tests of LIKE with indexes
1772 --
1773 CREATE TABLE texttest (a text PRIMARY KEY, b int);
1774 SELECT * FROM texttest WHERE a LIKE '%1%';
1775 a | b
1776 ---+---
1777 (0 rows)
1779 CREATE TABLE byteatest (a bytea PRIMARY KEY, b int);
1780 SELECT * FROM byteatest WHERE a LIKE '%1%';
1781 a | b
1782 ---+---
1783 (0 rows)
1785 DROP TABLE texttest, byteatest;
1786 --
1787 -- test implicit type conversion
1788 --
1789 -- E021-07 character concatenation
1790 SELECT 'unknown' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat unknown types";
1791 Concat unknown types
1792 ----------------------
1793 unknown and unknown
1794 (1 row)
1796 SELECT text 'text' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat text to unknown type";
1797 Concat text to unknown type
1798 -----------------------------
1799 text and unknown
1800 (1 row)
1802 SELECT char(20) 'characters' || ' and text' AS "Concat char to unknown type";
1803 Concat char to unknown type
1804 -----------------------------
1805 characters and text
1806 (1 row)
1808 SELECT text 'text' || char(20) ' and characters' AS "Concat text to char";
1809 Concat text to char
1810 ---------------------
1811 text and characters
1812 (1 row)
1814 SELECT text 'text' || varchar ' and varchar' AS "Concat text to varchar";
1815 Concat text to varchar
1816 ------------------------
1817 text and varchar
1818 (1 row)
1820 --
1821 -- test substr with toasted text values
1822 --
1823 CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 text);
1824 insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
1825 insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
1826 --
1827 -- Ensure that some values are uncompressed, to test the faster substring
1828 -- operation used in that case
1829 --
1830 alter table toasttest alter column f1 set storage external;
1831 insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
1832 insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
1833 -- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
1834 -- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL.
1835 SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
1836 substr
1837 --------
1838 123
1839 123
1840 123
1841 123
1842 (4 rows)
1844 -- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
1845 SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
1846 ERROR: negative substring length not allowed
1847 -- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
1848 -- string is assumed.
1849 SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
1850 substr
1851 --------
1852 567890
1853 567890
1854 567890
1855 567890
1856 (4 rows)
1858 -- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
1859 -- string length
1860 SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
1861 substr
1862 --------
1863 567890
1864 567890
1865 567890
1866 567890
1867 (4 rows)
1869 TRUNCATE TABLE toasttest;
1870 INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
1871 INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
1872 INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
1873 INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
1874 -- expect >0 blocks
1875 SELECT pg_relation_size(reltoastrelid) = 0 AS is_empty
1876 FROM pg_class where relname = 'toasttest';
1877 is_empty
1878 ----------
1879 f
1880 (1 row)
1882 TRUNCATE TABLE toasttest;
1883 ALTER TABLE toasttest set (toast_tuple_target = 4080);
1884 INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
1885 INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
1886 INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
1887 INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
1888 -- expect 0 blocks
1889 SELECT pg_relation_size(reltoastrelid) = 0 AS is_empty
1890 FROM pg_class where relname = 'toasttest';
1891 is_empty
1892 ----------
1893 t
1894 (1 row)
1896 DROP TABLE toasttest;
1897 --
1898 -- test substr with toasted bytea values
1899 --
1900 CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 bytea);
1901 insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
1902 insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
1903 --
1904 -- Ensure that some values are uncompressed, to test the faster substring
1905 -- operation used in that case
1906 --
1907 alter table toasttest alter column f1 set storage external;
1908 insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
1909 insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
1910 -- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
1911 -- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL.
1912 SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
1913 substr
1914 --------
1915 123
1916 123
1917 123
1918 123
1919 (4 rows)
1921 -- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
1922 SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
1923 ERROR: negative substring length not allowed
1924 -- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
1925 -- string is assumed.
1926 SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
1927 substr
1928 --------
1929 567890
1930 567890
1931 567890
1932 567890
1933 (4 rows)
1935 -- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
1936 -- string length
1937 SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
1938 substr
1939 --------
1940 567890
1941 567890
1942 567890
1943 567890
1944 (4 rows)
1946 DROP TABLE toasttest;
1947 -- test internally compressing datums
1948 -- this tests compressing a datum to a very small size which exercises a
1949 -- corner case in packed-varlena handling: even though small, the compressed
1950 -- datum must be given a 4-byte header because there are no bits to indicate
1951 -- compression in a 1-byte header
1952 CREATE TABLE toasttest (c char(4096));
1953 INSERT INTO toasttest VALUES('x');
1954 SELECT length(c), c::text FROM toasttest;
1955 length | c
1956 --------+---
1957 1 | x
1958 (1 row)
1960 SELECT c FROM toasttest;
1961 c
1962 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1963 x
1964 (1 row)
1966 DROP TABLE toasttest;
1967 --
1968 -- test length
1969 --
1970 SELECT length('abcdef') AS "length_6";
1971 length_6
1972 ----------
1973 6
1974 (1 row)
1976 --
1977 -- test strpos
1978 --
1979 SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'cd') AS "pos_3";
1980 pos_3
1981 -------
1982 3
1983 (1 row)
1985 SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'xy') AS "pos_0";
1986 pos_0
1987 -------
1988 0
1989 (1 row)
1991 SELECT strpos('abcdef', '') AS "pos_1";
1992 pos_1
1993 -------
1994 1
1995 (1 row)
1997 SELECT strpos('', 'xy') AS "pos_0";
1998 pos_0
1999 -------
2000 0
2001 (1 row)
2003 SELECT strpos('', '') AS "pos_1";
2004 pos_1
2005 -------
2006 1
2007 (1 row)
2009 --
2010 -- test replace
2011 --
2012 SELECT replace('abcdef', 'de', '45') AS "abc45f";
2013 abc45f
2014 --------
2015 abc45f
2016 (1 row)
2018 SELECT replace('yabadabadoo', 'ba', '123') AS "ya123da123doo";
2019 ya123da123doo
2020 ---------------
2021 ya123da123doo
2022 (1 row)
2024 SELECT replace('yabadoo', 'bad', '') AS "yaoo";
2025 yaoo
2026 ------
2027 yaoo
2028 (1 row)
2030 --
2031 -- test split_part
2032 --
2033 select split_part('','@',1) AS "empty string";
2034 empty string
2035 --------------
2037 (1 row)
2039 select split_part('','@',-1) AS "empty string";
2040 empty string
2041 --------------
2043 (1 row)
2045 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',1) AS "joeuser@mydatabase";
2046 joeuser@mydatabase
2047 --------------------
2048 joeuser@mydatabase
2049 (1 row)
2051 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',2) AS "empty string";
2052 empty string
2053 --------------
2055 (1 row)
2057 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',-1) AS "joeuser@mydatabase";
2058 joeuser@mydatabase
2059 --------------------
2060 joeuser@mydatabase
2061 (1 row)
2063 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',-2) AS "empty string";
2064 empty string
2065 --------------
2067 (1 row)
2069 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',0) AS "an error";
2070 ERROR: field position must not be zero
2071 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@@',1) AS "joeuser@mydatabase";
2072 joeuser@mydatabase
2073 --------------------
2074 joeuser@mydatabase
2075 (1 row)
2077 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@@',2) AS "empty string";
2078 empty string
2079 --------------
2081 (1 row)
2083 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',1) AS "joeuser";
2084 joeuser
2085 ---------
2086 joeuser
2087 (1 row)
2089 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',2) AS "mydatabase";
2090 mydatabase
2091 ------------
2092 mydatabase
2093 (1 row)
2095 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',3) AS "empty string";
2096 empty string
2097 --------------
2099 (1 row)
2101 select split_part('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',2) AS "joeuser";
2102 joeuser
2103 ---------
2104 joeuser
2105 (1 row)
2107 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',-1) AS "mydatabase";
2108 mydatabase
2109 ------------
2110 mydatabase
2111 (1 row)
2113 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',-2) AS "joeuser";
2114 joeuser
2115 ---------
2116 joeuser
2117 (1 row)
2119 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',-3) AS "empty string";
2120 empty string
2121 --------------
2123 (1 row)
2125 select split_part('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',-2) AS "mydatabase";
2126 mydatabase
2127 ------------
2128 mydatabase
2129 (1 row)
2131 --
2132 -- test to_bin, to_oct, and to_hex
2133 --
2134 select to_bin(-1234) AS "11111111111111111111101100101110";
2135 11111111111111111111101100101110
2136 ----------------------------------
2137 11111111111111111111101100101110
2138 (1 row)
2140 select to_bin(-1234::bigint);
2141 to_bin
2142 ------------------------------------------------------------------
2143 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111101100101110
2144 (1 row)
2146 select to_bin(256*256*256 - 1) AS "111111111111111111111111";
2147 111111111111111111111111
2148 --------------------------
2149 111111111111111111111111
2150 (1 row)
2152 select to_bin(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "11111111111111111111111111111111";
2153 11111111111111111111111111111111
2154 ----------------------------------
2155 11111111111111111111111111111111
2156 (1 row)
2158 select to_oct(-1234) AS "37777775456";
2159 37777775456
2160 -------------
2161 37777775456
2162 (1 row)
2164 select to_oct(-1234::bigint) AS "1777777777777777775456";
2165 1777777777777777775456
2166 ------------------------
2167 1777777777777777775456
2168 (1 row)
2170 select to_oct(256*256*256 - 1) AS "77777777";
2171 77777777
2172 ----------
2173 77777777
2174 (1 row)
2176 select to_oct(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "37777777777";
2177 37777777777
2178 -------------
2179 37777777777
2180 (1 row)
2182 select to_hex(-1234) AS "fffffb2e";
2183 fffffb2e
2184 ----------
2185 fffffb2e
2186 (1 row)
2188 select to_hex(-1234::bigint) AS "fffffffffffffb2e";
2189 fffffffffffffb2e
2190 ------------------
2191 fffffffffffffb2e
2192 (1 row)
2194 select to_hex(256*256*256 - 1) AS "ffffff";
2195 ffffff
2196 --------
2197 ffffff
2198 (1 row)
2200 select to_hex(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "ffffffff";
2201 ffffffff
2202 ----------
2203 ffffffff
2204 (1 row)
2206 --
2207 -- SHA-2
2208 --
2209 SET bytea_output TO hex;
2210 SELECT sha224('');
2211 sha224
2212 ------------------------------------------------------------
2213 \xd14a028c2a3a2bc9476102bb288234c415a2b01f828ea62ac5b3e42f
2214 (1 row)
2216 SELECT sha224('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
2217 sha224
2218 ------------------------------------------------------------
2219 \x619cba8e8e05826e9b8c519c0a5c68f4fb653e8a3d8aa04bb2c8cd4c
2220 (1 row)
2222 SELECT sha256('');
2223 sha256
2224 --------------------------------------------------------------------
2225 \xe3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855
2226 (1 row)
2228 SELECT sha256('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
2229 sha256
2230 --------------------------------------------------------------------
2231 \xef537f25c895bfa782526529a9b63d97aa631564d5d789c2b765448c8635fb6c
2232 (1 row)
2234 SELECT sha384('');
2235 sha384
2236 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2237 \x38b060a751ac96384cd9327eb1b1e36a21fdb71114be07434c0cc7bf63f6e1da274edebfe76f65fbd51ad2f14898b95b
2238 (1 row)
2240 SELECT sha384('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
2241 sha384
2242 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2243 \xed892481d8272ca6df370bf706e4d7bc1b5739fa2177aae6c50e946678718fc67a7af2819a021c2fc34e91bdb63409d7
2244 (1 row)
2246 SELECT sha512('');
2247 sha512
2248 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2249 \xcf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e
2250 (1 row)
2252 SELECT sha512('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
2253 sha512
2254 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2255 \x91ea1245f20d46ae9a037a989f54f1f790f0a47607eeb8a14d12890cea77a1bbc6c7ed9cf205e67b7f2b8fd4c7dfd3a7a8617e45f3c463d481c7e586c39ac1ed
2256 (1 row)
2258 --
2259 -- CRC
2260 --
2261 SELECT crc32('');
2262 crc32
2263 -------
2264 0
2265 (1 row)
2267 SELECT crc32('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
2268 crc32
2269 ------------
2270 1368401385
2271 (1 row)
2273 SELECT crc32c('');
2274 crc32c
2275 --------
2276 0
2277 (1 row)
2279 SELECT crc32c('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
2280 crc32c
2281 -----------
2282 419469235
2283 (1 row)
2285 --
2286 -- encode/decode
2287 --
2288 SELECT encode('\x1234567890abcdef00', 'hex');
2289 encode
2290 --------------------
2291 1234567890abcdef00
2292 (1 row)
2294 SELECT decode('1234567890abcdef00', 'hex');
2295 decode
2296 ----------------------
2297 \x1234567890abcdef00
2298 (1 row)
2300 SELECT encode(('\x' || repeat('1234567890abcdef0001', 7))::bytea, 'base64');
2301 encode
2302 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2303 EjRWeJCrze8AARI0VniQq83vAAESNFZ4kKvN7wABEjRWeJCrze8AARI0VniQq83vAAESNFZ4kKvN+
2304 7wABEjRWeJCrze8AAQ==
2305 (1 row)
2307 SELECT decode(encode(('\x' || repeat('1234567890abcdef0001', 7))::bytea,
2308 'base64'), 'base64');
2309 decode
2310 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2311 \x1234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef0001
2312 (1 row)
2314 SELECT encode('\x1234567890abcdef00', 'escape');
2315 encode
2316 -----------------------------
2317 \x124Vx\220\253\315\357\000
2318 (1 row)
2320 SELECT decode(encode('\x1234567890abcdef00', 'escape'), 'escape');
2321 decode
2322 ----------------------
2323 \x1234567890abcdef00
2324 (1 row)
2326 --
2327 -- get_bit/set_bit etc
2328 --
2329 SELECT get_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 43);
2330 get_bit
2331 ---------
2332 1
2333 (1 row)
2335 SELECT get_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99); -- error
2336 ERROR: index 99 out of valid range, 0..71
2337 SELECT set_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 43, 0);
2338 set_bit
2339 ----------------------
2340 \x1234567890a3cdef00
2341 (1 row)
2343 SELECT set_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99, 0); -- error
2344 ERROR: index 99 out of valid range, 0..71
2345 SELECT get_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 3);
2346 get_byte
2347 ----------
2348 120
2349 (1 row)
2351 SELECT get_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99); -- error
2352 ERROR: index 99 out of valid range, 0..8
2353 SELECT set_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 7, 11);
2354 set_byte
2355 ----------------------
2356 \x1234567890abcd0b00
2357 (1 row)
2359 SELECT set_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99, 11); -- error
2360 ERROR: index 99 out of valid range, 0..8
2361 --
2362 -- test behavior of escape_string_warning and standard_conforming_strings options
2363 --
2364 set escape_string_warning = off;
2365 set standard_conforming_strings = off;
2366 show escape_string_warning;
2367 escape_string_warning
2368 -----------------------
2369 off
2370 (1 row)
2372 show standard_conforming_strings;
2373 standard_conforming_strings
2374 -----------------------------
2375 off
2376 (1 row)
2378 set escape_string_warning = on;
2379 set standard_conforming_strings = on;
2380 show escape_string_warning;
2381 escape_string_warning
2382 -----------------------
2383 on
2384 (1 row)
2386 show standard_conforming_strings;
2387 standard_conforming_strings
2388 -----------------------------
2389 on
2390 (1 row)
2392 select 'a\bcd' as f1, 'a\b''cd' as f2, 'a\b''''cd' as f3, 'abcd\' as f4, 'ab\''cd' as f5, '\\' as f6;
2393 f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6
2394 -------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
2395 a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
2396 (1 row)
2398 set standard_conforming_strings = off;
2399 select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as f6;
2400 WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
2401 LINE 1: select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3,...
2402 ^
2403 HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
2404 WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
2405 LINE 1: select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3,...
2406 ^
2407 HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
2408 WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
2409 LINE 1: select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3,...
2410 ^
2411 HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
2412 WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
2413 LINE 1: ...bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' ...
2414 ^
2415 HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
2416 WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
2417 LINE 1: ...'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' as f4, 'ab\\\'cd'...
2418 ^
2419 HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
2420 WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
2421 LINE 1: ...'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as ...
2422 ^
2423 HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
2424 f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6
2425 -------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
2426 a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
2427 (1 row)
2429 set escape_string_warning = off;
2430 set standard_conforming_strings = on;
2431 select 'a\bcd' as f1, 'a\b''cd' as f2, 'a\b''''cd' as f3, 'abcd\' as f4, 'ab\''cd' as f5, '\\' as f6;
2432 f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6
2433 -------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
2434 a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
2435 (1 row)
2437 set standard_conforming_strings = off;
2438 select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as f6;
2439 f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6
2440 -------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
2441 a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
2442 (1 row)
2444 reset standard_conforming_strings;
2445 --
2446 -- Additional string functions
2447 --
2448 SET bytea_output TO escape;
2449 SELECT initcap('hi THOMAS');
2450 initcap
2451 -----------
2452 Hi Thomas
2453 (1 row)
2455 SELECT lpad('hi', 5, 'xy');
2456 lpad
2457 -------
2458 xyxhi
2459 (1 row)
2461 SELECT lpad('hi', 5);
2462 lpad
2463 -------
2464 hi
2465 (1 row)
2467 SELECT lpad('hi', -5, 'xy');
2468 lpad
2469 ------
2471 (1 row)
2473 SELECT lpad('hello', 2);
2474 lpad
2475 ------
2476 he
2477 (1 row)
2479 SELECT lpad('hi', 5, '');
2480 lpad
2481 ------
2482 hi
2483 (1 row)
2485 SELECT rpad('hi', 5, 'xy');
2486 rpad
2487 -------
2488 hixyx
2489 (1 row)
2491 SELECT rpad('hi', 5);
2492 rpad
2493 -------
2494 hi
2495 (1 row)
2497 SELECT rpad('hi', -5, 'xy');
2498 rpad
2499 ------
2501 (1 row)
2503 SELECT rpad('hello', 2);
2504 rpad
2505 ------
2506 he
2507 (1 row)
2509 SELECT rpad('hi', 5, '');
2510 rpad
2511 ------
2512 hi
2513 (1 row)
2515 SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim', 'xyz');
2516 ltrim
2517 -------
2518 trim
2519 (1 row)
2521 SELECT translate('', '14', 'ax');
2522 translate
2523 -----------
2525 (1 row)
2527 SELECT translate('12345', '14', 'ax');
2528 translate
2529 -----------
2530 a23x5
2531 (1 row)
2533 SELECT translate('12345', '134', 'a');
2534 translate
2535 -----------
2536 a25
2537 (1 row)
2539 SELECT ascii('x');
2540 ascii
2541 -------
2542 120
2543 (1 row)
2545 SELECT ascii('');
2546 ascii
2547 -------
2548 0
2549 (1 row)
2551 SELECT chr(65);
2552 chr
2553 -----
2554 A
2555 (1 row)
2557 SELECT chr(0);
2558 ERROR: null character not permitted
2559 SELECT repeat('Pg', 4);
2560 repeat
2561 ----------
2562 PgPgPgPg
2563 (1 row)
2565 SELECT repeat('Pg', -4);
2566 repeat
2567 --------
2569 (1 row)
2571 SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890'::bytea FROM 3) "34567890";
2572 34567890
2573 ----------
2574 34567890
2575 (1 row)
2577 SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890'::bytea FROM 4 FOR 3) AS "456";
2578 456
2579 -----
2580 456
2581 (1 row)
2583 SELECT SUBSTRING('string'::bytea FROM 2 FOR 2147483646) AS "tring";
2584 tring
2585 -------
2586 tring
2587 (1 row)
2589 SELECT SUBSTRING('string'::bytea FROM -10 FOR 2147483646) AS "string";
2590 string
2591 --------
2592 string
2593 (1 row)
2595 SELECT SUBSTRING('string'::bytea FROM -10 FOR -2147483646) AS "error";
2596 ERROR: negative substring length not allowed
2597 SELECT trim(E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
2598 btrim
2599 -------
2600 Tom
2601 (1 row)
2603 SELECT trim(leading E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
2604 ltrim
2605 ---------
2606 Tom\000
2607 (1 row)
2609 SELECT trim(trailing E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
2610 rtrim
2611 ---------
2612 \000Tom
2613 (1 row)
2615 SELECT btrim(E'\\000trim\\000'::bytea, E'\\000'::bytea);
2616 btrim
2617 -------
2618 trim
2619 (1 row)
2621 SELECT btrim(''::bytea, E'\\000'::bytea);
2622 btrim
2623 -------
2625 (1 row)
2627 SELECT btrim(E'\\000trim\\000'::bytea, ''::bytea);
2628 btrim
2629 --------------
2630 \000trim\000
2631 (1 row)
2633 SELECT encode(overlay(E'Th\\000omas'::bytea placing E'Th\\001omas'::bytea from 2),'escape');
2634 encode
2635 -------------
2636 TTh\x01omas
2637 (1 row)
2639 SELECT encode(overlay(E'Th\\000omas'::bytea placing E'\\002\\003'::bytea from 8),'escape');
2640 encode
2641 --------------------
2642 Th\000omas\x02\x03
2643 (1 row)
2645 SELECT encode(overlay(E'Th\\000omas'::bytea placing E'\\002\\003'::bytea from 5 for 3),'escape');
2646 encode
2647 -----------------
2648 Th\000o\x02\x03
2649 (1 row)
2651 SELECT bit_count('\x1234567890'::bytea);
2652 bit_count
2653 -----------
2654 15
2655 (1 row)
2657 SELECT unistr('\0064at\+0000610');
2658 unistr
2659 --------
2660 data0
2661 (1 row)
2663 SELECT unistr('d\u0061t\U000000610');
2664 unistr
2665 --------
2666 data0
2667 (1 row)
2669 SELECT unistr('a\\b');
2670 unistr
2671 --------
2672 a\b
2673 (1 row)
2675 -- errors:
2676 SELECT unistr('wrong: \db99');
2677 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
2678 SELECT unistr('wrong: \db99\0061');
2679 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
2680 SELECT unistr('wrong: \+00db99\+000061');
2681 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
2682 SELECT unistr('wrong: \+2FFFFF');
2683 ERROR: invalid Unicode code point: 2FFFFF
2684 SELECT unistr('wrong: \udb99\u0061');
2685 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
2686 SELECT unistr('wrong: \U0000db99\U00000061');
2687 ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
2688 SELECT unistr('wrong: \U002FFFFF');
2689 ERROR: invalid Unicode code point: 2FFFFF
2690 SELECT unistr('wrong: \xyz');
2691 ERROR: invalid Unicode escape
2692 HINT: Unicode escapes must be \XXXX, \+XXXXXX, \uXXXX, or \UXXXXXXXX.