4 SELECT text 'this is a text string' = text 'this is a text string' AS true;
10 SELECT text 'this is a text string' = text 'this is a text strin' AS false;
16 CREATE TABLE TEXT_TBL (f1 text);
17 INSERT INTO TEXT_TBL VALUES ('doh!');
18 INSERT INTO TEXT_TBL VALUES ('hi de ho neighbor');
19 SELECT * FROM TEXT_TBL;
26 -- As of 8.3 we have removed most implicit casts to text, so that for example
27 -- this no longer works:
29 ERROR: function length(integer) does not exist
30 LINE 1: select length(42);
32 HINT: No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
33 -- But as a special exception for usability's sake, we still allow implicit
34 -- casting to text in concatenations, so long as the other input is text or
35 -- an unknown literal. So these work:
36 select 'four: '::text || 2+2;
42 select 'four: ' || 2+2;
50 ERROR: operator does not exist: integer || numeric
51 LINE 1: select 3 || 4.0;
53 HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
55 * various string functions
63 select concat(1,2,3,'hello',true, false, to_date('20100309','YYYYMMDD'));
65 ----------------------
69 select concat_ws('#','one');
75 select concat_ws('#',1,2,3,'hello',true, false, to_date('20100309','YYYYMMDD'));
77 ----------------------------
78 1#2#3#hello#t#f#03-09-2010
81 select concat_ws(',',10,20,null,30);
87 select concat_ws('',10,20,null,30);
93 select concat_ws(NULL,10,20,null,30) is null;
99 select reverse('abcde');
105 select i, left('ahoj', i), right('ahoj', i) from generate_series(-5, 5) t(i) order by i;
121 select quote_literal('');
127 select quote_literal('abc''');
133 select quote_literal(e'\\');
139 -- check variadic labeled argument
140 select concat(variadic array[1,2,3]);
146 select concat_ws(',', variadic array[1,2,3]);
152 select concat_ws(',', variadic NULL::int[]);
158 select concat(variadic NULL::int[]) is NULL;
164 select concat(variadic '{}'::int[]) = '';
171 select concat_ws(',', variadic 10);
172 ERROR: VARIADIC argument must be an array
173 LINE 1: select concat_ws(',', variadic 10);
184 select format('Hello');
190 select format('Hello %s', 'World');
196 select format('Hello %%');
202 select format('Hello %%%%');
209 select format('Hello %s %s', 'World');
210 ERROR: too few arguments for format()
211 select format('Hello %s');
212 ERROR: too few arguments for format()
213 select format('Hello %x', 20);
214 ERROR: unrecognized format() type specifier "x"
215 HINT: For a single "%" use "%%".
216 -- check literal and sql identifiers
217 select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', 10, 'Hello');
219 ----------------------------------------
220 INSERT INTO mytab VALUES('10','Hello')
223 select format('%s%s%s','Hello', NULL,'World');
229 select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', 10, NULL);
231 -------------------------------------
232 INSERT INTO mytab VALUES('10',NULL)
235 select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', NULL, 'Hello');
237 ----------------------------------------
238 INSERT INTO mytab VALUES(NULL,'Hello')
241 -- should fail, sql identifier cannot be NULL
242 select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', NULL, 10, 'Hello');
243 ERROR: null values cannot be formatted as an SQL identifier
244 -- check positional placeholders
245 select format('%1$s %3$s', 1, 2, 3);
251 select format('%1$s %12$s', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);
258 select format('%1$s %4$s', 1, 2, 3);
259 ERROR: too few arguments for format()
260 select format('%1$s %13$s', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);
261 ERROR: too few arguments for format()
262 select format('%0$s', 'Hello');
263 ERROR: format specifies argument 0, but arguments are numbered from 1
264 select format('%*0$s', 'Hello');
265 ERROR: format specifies argument 0, but arguments are numbered from 1
266 select format('%1$', 1);
267 ERROR: unterminated format() type specifier
268 HINT: For a single "%" use "%%".
269 select format('%1$1', 1);
270 ERROR: unterminated format() type specifier
271 HINT: For a single "%" use "%%".
272 -- check mix of positional and ordered placeholders
273 select format('Hello %s %1$s %s', 'World', 'Hello again');
275 -------------------------------
276 Hello World World Hello again
279 select format('Hello %s %s, %2$s %2$s', 'World', 'Hello again');
281 --------------------------------------------------
282 Hello World Hello again, Hello again Hello again
285 -- check variadic labeled arguments
286 select format('%s, %s', variadic array['Hello','World']);
292 select format('%s, %s', variadic array[1, 2]);
298 select format('%s, %s', variadic array[true, false]);
304 select format('%s, %s', variadic array[true, false]::text[]);
310 -- check variadic with positional placeholders
311 select format('%2$s, %1$s', variadic array['first', 'second']);
317 select format('%2$s, %1$s', variadic array[1, 2]);
323 -- variadic argument can be array type NULL, but should not be referenced
324 select format('Hello', variadic NULL::int[]);
330 -- variadic argument allows simulating more than FUNC_MAX_ARGS parameters
331 select format(string_agg('%s',','), variadic array_agg(i))
332 from generate_series(1,200) g(i);
334 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
335 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200
338 -- check field widths and left, right alignment
339 select format('>>%10s<<', 'Hello');
345 select format('>>%10s<<', NULL);
351 select format('>>%10s<<', '');
357 select format('>>%-10s<<', '');
363 select format('>>%-10s<<', 'Hello');
369 select format('>>%-10s<<', NULL);
375 select format('>>%1$10s<<', 'Hello');
381 select format('>>%1$-10I<<', 'Hello');
387 select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 10, 'Hello');
393 select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 10, NULL);
399 select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', -10, NULL);
405 select format('>>%*s<<', 10, 'Hello');
411 select format('>>%*1$s<<', 10, 'Hello');
417 select format('>>%-s<<', 'Hello');
423 select format('>>%10L<<', NULL);
429 select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', NULL, 'Hello');
435 select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 0, 'Hello');