1 This file contains some additional information for the Philips and OEM webcams.
2 E-mail: webcam@smcc.demon.nl Last updated: 2004-01-19
3 Site: http://www.smcc.demon.nl/webcam/
5 As of this moment, the following cameras are supported:
16 * Creative Labs Webcam 5
17 * Creative Labs Webcam Pro Ex
18 * Logitech QuickCam 3000 Pro
19 * Logitech QuickCam 4000 Pro
20 * Logitech QuickCam Notebook Pro
21 * Logitech QuickCam Zoom
22 * Logitech QuickCam Orbit
23 * Logitech QuickCam Sphere
31 The main webpage for the Philips driver is at the address above. It contains
32 a lot of extra information, a FAQ, and the binary plugin 'PWCX'. This plugin
33 contains decompression routines that allow you to use higher image sizes and
34 framerates; in addition the webcam uses less bandwidth on the USB bus (handy
35 if you want to run more than 1 camera simultaneously). These routines fall
36 under a NDA, and may therefore not be distributed as source; however, its use
37 is completely optional.
39 You can build this code either into your kernel, or as a module. I recommend
40 the latter, since it makes troubleshooting a lot easier. The built-in
41 microphone is supported through the USB Audio class.
43 When you load the module you can set some default settings for the
44 camera; some programs depend on a particular image-size or -format and
45 don't know how to set it properly in the driver. The options are:
48 Can be one of 'sqcif', 'qsif', 'qcif', 'sif', 'cif' or
49 'vga', for an image size of resp. 128x96, 160x120, 176x144,
50 320x240, 352x288 and 640x480 (of course, only for those cameras that
51 support these resolutions).
54 Specifies the desired framerate. Is an integer in the range of 4-30.
57 This parameter specifies the number of internal buffers to use for storing
58 frames from the cam. This will help if the process that reads images from
59 the cam is a bit slow or momentarily busy. However, on slow machines it
60 only introduces lag, so choose carefully. The default is 3, which is
61 reasonable. You can set it between 2 and 5.
64 This is an integer between 1 and 10. It will tell the module the number of
65 buffers to reserve for mmap(), VIDIOCCGMBUF, VIDIOCMCAPTURE and friends.
66 The default is 2, which is adequate for most applications (double
69 Should you experience a lot of 'Dumping frame...' messages during
70 grabbing with a tool that uses mmap(), you might want to increase if.
71 However, it doesn't really buffer images, it just gives you a bit more
72 slack when your program is behind. But you need a multi-threaded or
73 forked program to really take advantage of these buffers.
75 The absolute maximum is 10, but don't set it too high! Every buffer takes
76 up 460 KB of RAM, so unless you have a lot of memory setting this to
77 something more than 4 is an absolute waste. This memory is only
78 allocated during open(), so nothing is wasted when the camera is not in
82 When power_save is enabled (set to 1), the module will try to shut down
83 the cam on close() and re-activate on open(). This will save power and
84 turn off the LED. Not all cameras support this though (the 645 and 646
85 don't have power saving at all), and some models don't work either (they
86 will shut down, but never wake up). Consider this experimental. By
87 default this option is disabled.
89 compression (only useful with the plugin)
90 With this option you can control the compression factor that the camera
91 uses to squeeze the image through the USB bus. You can set the
92 parameter between 0 and 3:
93 0 = prefer uncompressed images; if the requested mode is not available
94 in an uncompressed format, the driver will silently switch to low
97 2 = medium compression.
100 High compression takes less bandwidth of course, but it could also
101 introduce some unwanted artefacts. The default is 2, medium compression.
102 See the FAQ on the website for an overview of which modes require
105 The compression parameter does not apply to the 645 and 646 cameras
106 and OEM models derived from those (only a few). Most cams honour this
110 This settings takes 2 integers, that define the on/off time for the LED
111 (in milliseconds). One of the interesting things that you can do with
112 this is let the LED blink while the camera is in use. This:
116 will blink the LED once every second. But with:
120 the LED never goes on, making it suitable for silent surveillance.
122 By default the camera's LED is on solid while in use, and turned off
123 when the camera is not used anymore.
125 This parameter works only with the ToUCam range of cameras (720, 730, 740,
126 750) and OEMs. For other cameras this command is silently ignored, and
127 the LED cannot be controlled.
129 Finally: this parameters does not take effect UNTIL the first time you
130 open the camera device. Until then, the LED remains on.
133 A long standing problem with USB devices is their dynamic nature: you
134 never know what device a camera gets assigned; it depends on module load
135 order, the hub configuration, the order in which devices are plugged in,
136 and the phase of the moon (i.e. it can be random). With this option you
137 can give the driver a hint as to what video device node (/dev/videoX) it
138 should use with a specific camera. This is also handy if you have two
139 cameras of the same model.
141 A camera is specified by its type (the number from the camera model,
142 like PCA645, PCVC750VC, etc) and optionally the serial number (visible
143 in /proc/bus/usb/devices). A hint consists of a string with the following
146 [type[.serialnumber]:]node
148 The square brackets mean that both the type and the serialnumber are
149 optional, but a serialnumber cannot be specified without a type (which
150 would be rather pointless). The serialnumber is separated from the type
151 by a '.'; the node number by a ':'.
153 This somewhat cryptic syntax is best explained by a few examples:
155 dev_hint=3,5 The first detected cam gets assigned
156 /dev/video3, the second /dev/video5. Any
157 other cameras will get the first free
158 available slot (see below).
160 dev_hint=645:1,680:2 The PCA645 camera will get /dev/video1,
161 and a PCVC680 /dev/video2.
163 dev_hint=645.0123:3,645.4567:0 The PCA645 camera with serialnumber
164 0123 goes to /dev/video3, the same
165 camera model with the 4567 serial
168 dev_hint=750:1,4,5,6 The PCVC750 camera will get /dev/video1, the
169 next 3 Philips cams will use /dev/video4
172 Some points worth knowing:
173 - Serialnumbers are case sensitive and must be written full, including
174 leading zeroes (it's treated as a string).
175 - If a device node is already occupied, registration will fail and
176 the webcam is not available.
177 - You can have up to 64 video devices; be sure to make enough device
178 nodes in /dev if you want to spread the numbers.
179 After /dev/video9 comes /dev/video10 (not /dev/videoA).
180 - If a camera does not match any dev_hint, it will simply get assigned
181 the first available device node, just as it used to be.
184 In order to better detect problems, it is now possible to turn on a
185 'trace' of some of the calls the module makes; it logs all items in your
186 kernel log at debug level.
188 The trace variable is a bitmask; each bit represents a certain feature.
189 If you want to trace something, look up the bit value(s) in the table
190 below, add the values together and supply that to the trace variable.
192 Value Value Description Default
194 1 0x1 Module initialization; this will log messages On
195 while loading and unloading the module
197 2 0x2 probe() and disconnect() traces On
199 4 0x4 Trace open() and close() calls Off
201 8 0x8 read(), mmap() and associated ioctl() calls Off
203 16 0x10 Memory allocation of buffers, etc. Off
205 32 0x20 Showing underflow, overflow and Dumping frame On
208 64 0x40 Show viewport and image sizes Off
210 128 0x80 PWCX debugging Off
212 For example, to trace the open() & read() functions, sum 8 + 4 = 12,
213 so you would supply trace=12 during insmod or modprobe. If
214 you want to turn the initialization and probing tracing off, set trace=0.
215 The default value for trace is 35 (0x23).
221 # modprobe pwc size=cif fps=15 power_save=1
223 The fbufs, mbufs and trace parameters are global and apply to all connected
224 cameras. Each camera has its own set of buffers.
226 size and fps only specify defaults when you open() the device; this is to
227 accommodate some tools that don't set the size. You can change these
228 settings after open() with the Video4Linux ioctl() calls. The default of
229 defaults is QCIF size at 10 fps.
231 The compression parameter is semiglobal; it sets the initial compression
232 preference for all camera's, but this parameter can be set per camera with
233 the VIDIOCPWCSCQUAL ioctl() call.
235 All parameters are optional.