Modules/_codecsmodule.c

   1 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   2
   3    _codecs -- Provides access to the codec registry and the builtin
   4               codecs.
   5
   6    This module should never be imported directly. The standard library
   7    module "codecs" wraps this builtin module for use within Python.
   8
   9    The codec registry is accessible via:
  10
  11      register(search_function) -> None
  12
  13      lookup(encoding) -> (encoder, decoder, stream_reader, stream_writer)
  14
  15    The builtin Unicode codecs use the following interface:
  16
  17      <encoding>_encode(Unicode_object[,errors='strict']) ->
  18         (string object, bytes consumed)
  19
  20      <encoding>_decode(char_buffer_obj[,errors='strict']) ->
  21         (Unicode object, bytes consumed)
  22
  23    <encoding>_encode() interfaces also accept non-Unicode object as
  24    input. The objects are then converted to Unicode using
  25    PyUnicode_FromObject() prior to applying the conversion.
  26
  27    These <encoding>s are available: utf_8, unicode_escape,
  28    raw_unicode_escape, unicode_internal, latin_1, ascii (7-bit),
  29    mbcs (on win32).
  30
  31
  32 Written by Marc-Andre Lemburg (mal@lemburg.com).
  33
  34 Copyright (c) Corporation for National Research Initiatives.
  35
  36    ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
  37
  38 #include "Python.h"
  39
  40 /* --- Registry ----------------------------------------------------------- */
  41
  42 PyDoc_STRVAR(register__doc__,
  43 "register(search_function)\n\
  44 \n\
  45 Register a codec search function. Search functions are expected to take\n\
  46 one argument, the encoding name in all lower case letters, and return\n\
  47 a tuple of functions (encoder, decoder, stream_reader, stream_writer).");
  48
  49 static
  50 PyObject *codec_register(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  51 {
  52     PyObject *search_function;
  53
  54     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:register", &search_function))
  55         goto onError;
  56
  57     if (PyCodec_Register(search_function))
  58         goto onError;
  59
  60     Py_INCREF(Py_None);
  61     return Py_None;
  62
  63  onError:
  64     return NULL;
  65 }
  66
  67 PyDoc_STRVAR(lookup__doc__,
  68 "lookup(encoding) -> (encoder, decoder, stream_reader, stream_writer)\n\
  69 \n\
  70 Looks up a codec tuple in the Python codec registry and returns\n\
  71 a tuple of functions.");
  72
  73 static
  74 PyObject *codec_lookup(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  75 {
  76     char *encoding;
  77
  78     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:lookup", &encoding))
  79         goto onError;
  80
  81     return _PyCodec_Lookup(encoding);
  82
  83  onError:
  84     return NULL;
  85 }
  86
  87 PyDoc_STRVAR(encode__doc__,
  88 "encode(obj, [encoding[,errors]]) -> object\n\
  89 \n\
  90 Encodes obj using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults\n\
  91 to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error\n\
  92 handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise\n\
  93 a ValueError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and\n\
  94 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with\n\
  95 codecs.register_error that can handle ValueErrors.");
  96
  97 static PyObject *
  98 codec_encode(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  99 {
 100     const char *encoding = NULL;
 101     const char *errors = NULL;
 102     PyObject *v;
 103
 104     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|ss:encode", &v, &encoding, &errors))
 105         return NULL;
 106
 107 #ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
 108     if (encoding == NULL)
 109         encoding = PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding();
 110 #else
 111     if (encoding == NULL) {
 112         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "no encoding specified");
 113         return NULL;
 114     }
 115 #endif
 116
 117     /* Encode via the codec registry */
 118     v = PyCodec_Encode(v, encoding, errors);
 119     if (v == NULL)
 120         goto onError;
 121     return v;
 122
 123  onError:
 124     return NULL;
 125 }
 126
 127 PyDoc_STRVAR(decode__doc__,
 128 "decode(obj, [encoding[,errors]]) -> object\n\
 129 \n\
 130 Decodes obj using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults\n\
 131 to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error\n\
 132 handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise\n\
 133 a ValueError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'\n\
 134 as well as any other name registerd with codecs.register_error that is\n\
 135 able to handle ValueErrors.");
 136
 137 static PyObject *
 138 codec_decode(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 139 {
 140     const char *encoding = NULL;
 141     const char *errors = NULL;
 142     PyObject *v;
 143
 144     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|ss:decode", &v, &encoding, &errors))
 145         return NULL;
 146
 147 #ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
 148     if (encoding == NULL)
 149         encoding = PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding();
 150 #else
 151     if (encoding == NULL) {
 152         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "no encoding specified");
 153         return NULL;
 154     }
 155 #endif
 156
 157     /* Decode via the codec registry */
 158     v = PyCodec_Decode(v, encoding, errors);
 159     if (v == NULL)
 160         goto onError;
 161     return v;
 162
 163  onError:
 164     return NULL;
 165 }
 166
 167 /* --- Helpers ------------------------------------------------------------ */
 168
 169 static
 170 PyObject *codec_tuple(PyObject *unicode,
 171                       int len)
 172 {
 173     PyObject *v,*w;
 174
 175     if (unicode == NULL)
 176         return NULL;
 177     v = PyTuple_New(2);
 178     if (v == NULL) {
 179         Py_DECREF(unicode);
 180         return NULL;
 181     }
 182     PyTuple_SET_ITEM(v,0,unicode);
 183     w = PyInt_FromLong(len);
 184     if (w == NULL) {
 185         Py_DECREF(v);
 186         return NULL;
 187     }
 188     PyTuple_SET_ITEM(v,1,w);
 189     return v;
 190 }
 191
 192 /* --- String codecs ------------------------------------------------------ */
 193 static PyObject *
 194 escape_decode(PyObject *self,
 195               PyObject *args)
 196 {
 197     const char *errors = NULL;
 198     const char *data;
 199     int size;
 200
 201     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s#|z:escape_decode",
 202                           &data, &size, &errors))
 203         return NULL;
 204     return codec_tuple(PyString_DecodeEscape(data, size, errors, 0, NULL),
 205                        size);
 206 }
 207
 208 static PyObject *
 209 escape_encode(PyObject *self,
 210               PyObject *args)
 211 {
 212         PyObject *str;
 213         const char *errors = NULL;
 214         char *buf;
 215         int len;
 216
 217         if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!|z:escape_encode",
 218                               &PyString_Type, &str, &errors))
 219                 return NULL;
 220
 221         str = PyString_Repr(str, 0);
 222         if (!str)
 223                 return NULL;
 224
 225         /* The string will be quoted. Unquote, similar to unicode-escape. */
 226         buf = PyString_AS_STRING (str);
 227         len = PyString_GET_SIZE (str);
 228         memmove(buf, buf+1, len-2);
 229         _PyString_Resize(&str, len-2);
 230
 231         return codec_tuple(str, PyString_Size(str));
 232 }
 233
 234 #ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
 235 /* --- Decoder ------------------------------------------------------------ */
 236
 237 static PyObject *
 238 unicode_internal_decode(PyObject *self,
 239                         PyObject *args)
 240 {
 241     PyObject *obj;
 242     const char *errors = NULL;
 243     const char *data;
 244     int size;
 245
 246     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|z:unicode_internal_decode",
 247                           &obj, &errors))
 248         return NULL;
 249
 250     if (PyUnicode_Check(obj)) {
 251         Py_INCREF(obj);
 252         return codec_tuple(obj, PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(obj));
 253     }
 254     else {
 255         if (PyObject_AsReadBuffer(obj, (const void **)&data, &size))
 256             return NULL;
 257         return codec_tuple(PyUnicode_FromUnicode((Py_UNICODE *)data,
 258                                                  size / sizeof(Py_UNICODE)),
 259                            size);
 260     }
 261 }
 262
 263 static PyObject *
 264 utf_7_decode(PyObject *self,
 265             PyObject *args)
 266 {
 267     const char *data;
 268     int size;
 269     const char *errors = NULL;
 270
 271     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "t#|z:utf_7_decode",
 272                           &data, &size, &errors))
 273         return NULL;
 274
 275     return codec_tuple(PyUnicode_DecodeUTF7(data, size, errors),
 276                        size);
 277 }
 278
 279 static PyObject *
 280 utf_8_decode(PyObject *self,
 281             PyObject *args)
 282 {
 283     const char *data;
 284     int size;
 285     const char *errors = NULL;
 286     int final = 0;
 287     int consumed;
 288     PyObject *decoded = NULL;
 289
 290     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "t#|zi:utf_8_decode",
 291                           &data, &size, &errors, &final))
 292         return NULL;
 293     consumed = size;
 294
 295     decoded = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8Stateful(data, size, errors,
 296                                            final ? NULL : &consumed);
 297     if (decoded == NULL)
 298         return NULL;
 299     return codec_tuple(decoded, consumed);
 300 }
 301
 302 static PyObject *
 303 utf_16_decode(PyObject *self,
 304             PyObject *args)
 305 {
 306     const char *data;
 307     int size;
 308     const char *errors = NULL;
 309     int byteorder = 0;
 310     int final = 0;
 311     int consumed;
 312     PyObject *decoded;
 313
 314     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "t#|zi:utf_16_decode",
 315                           &data, &size, &errors, &final))
 316         return NULL;
 317     consumed = size;
 318     decoded = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16Stateful(data, size, errors, &byteorder,
 319                                             final ? NULL : &consumed);
 320     if (decoded == NULL)
 321         return NULL;
 322     return codec_tuple(decoded, consumed);
 323 }
 324
 325 static PyObject *
 326 utf_16_le_decode(PyObject *self,
 327                  PyObject *args)
 328 {
 329     const char *data;
 330     int size;
 331     const char *errors = NULL;
 332     int byteorder = -1;
 333     int final = 0;
 334     int consumed;
 335     PyObject *decoded = NULL;
 336
 337     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "t#|zi:utf_16_le_decode",
 338                           &data, &size, &errors, &final))
 339         return NULL;
 340     consumed = size;
 341     decoded = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16Stateful(data, size, errors,
 342         &byteorder, final ? NULL : &consumed);
 343     if (decoded == NULL)
 344         return NULL;
 345     return codec_tuple(decoded, consumed);
 346
 347 }
 348
 349 static PyObject *
 350 utf_16_be_decode(PyObject *self,
 351                  PyObject *args)
 352 {
 353     const char *data;
 354     int size;
 355     const char *errors = NULL;
 356     int byteorder = 1;
 357     int final = 0;
 358     int consumed;
 359     PyObject *decoded = NULL;
 360
 361     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "t#|zi:utf_16_be_decode",
 362                           &data, &size, &errors, &final))
 363         return NULL;
 364     consumed = size;
 365     decoded = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16Stateful(data, size, errors,
 366         &byteorder, final ? NULL : &consumed);
 367     if (decoded == NULL)
 368         return NULL;
 369     return codec_tuple(decoded, consumed);
 370 }
 371
 372 /* This non-standard version also provides access to the byteorder
 373    parameter of the builtin UTF-16 codec.
 374
 375    It returns a tuple (unicode, bytesread, byteorder) with byteorder
 376    being the value in effect at the end of data.
 377
 378 */
 379
 380 static PyObject *
 381 utf_16_ex_decode(PyObject *self,
 382                  PyObject *args)
 383 {
 384     const char *data;
 385     int size;
 386     const char *errors = NULL;
 387     int byteorder = 0;
 388     PyObject *unicode, *tuple;
 389     int final = 0;
 390     int consumed;
 391
 392     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "t#|zii:utf_16_ex_decode",
 393                           &data, &size, &errors, &byteorder, &final))
 394         return NULL;
 395
 396     consumed = size;
 397     unicode = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16Stateful(data, size, errors, &byteorder,
 398                                             final ? NULL : &consumed);
 399     if (unicode == NULL)
 400         return NULL;
 401     tuple = Py_BuildValue("Oii", unicode, consumed, byteorder);
 402     Py_DECREF(unicode);
 403     return tuple;
 404 }
 405
 406 static PyObject *
 407 unicode_escape_decode(PyObject *self,
 408                      PyObject *args)
 409 {
 410     const char *data;
 411     int size;
 412     const char *errors = NULL;
 413
 414     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "t#|z:unicode_escape_decode",
 415                           &data, &size, &errors))
 416         return NULL;
 417
 418     return codec_tuple(PyUnicode_DecodeUnicodeEscape(data, size, errors),
 419                        size);
 420 }
 421
 422 static PyObject *
 423 raw_unicode_escape_decode(PyObject *self,
 424                         PyObject *args)
 425 {
 426     const char *data;
 427     int size;
 428     const char *errors = NULL;
 429
 430     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "t#|z:raw_unicode_escape_decode",
 431                           &data, &size, &errors))
 432         return NULL;
 433
 434     return codec_tuple(PyUnicode_DecodeRawUnicodeEscape(data, size, errors),
 435                        size);
 436 }
 437
 438 static PyObject *
 439 latin_1_decode(PyObject *self,
 440                PyObject *args)
 441 {
 442     const char *data;
 443     int size;
 444     const char *errors = NULL;
 445
 446     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "t#|z:latin_1_decode",
 447                           &data, &size, &errors))
 448         return NULL;
 449
 450     return codec_tuple(PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1(data, size, errors),
 451                        size);
 452 }
 453
 454 static PyObject *
 455 ascii_decode(PyObject *self,
 456              PyObject *args)
 457 {
 458     const char *data;
 459     int size;
 460     const char *errors = NULL;
 461
 462     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "t#|z:ascii_decode",
 463                           &data, &size, &errors))
 464         return NULL;
 465
 466     return codec_tuple(PyUnicode_DecodeASCII(data, size, errors),
 467                        size);
 468 }
 469
 470 static PyObject *
 471 charmap_decode(PyObject *self,
 472                PyObject *args)
 473 {
 474     const char *data;
 475     int size;
 476     const char *errors = NULL;
 477     PyObject *mapping = NULL;
 478
 479     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "t#|zO:charmap_decode",
 480                           &data, &size, &errors, &mapping))
 481         return NULL;
 482     if (mapping == Py_None)
 483         mapping = NULL;
 484
 485     return codec_tuple(PyUnicode_DecodeCharmap(data, size, mapping, errors),
 486                        size);
 487 }
 488
 489 #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) && defined(HAVE_USABLE_WCHAR_T)
 490
 491 static PyObject *
 492 mbcs_decode(PyObject *self,
 493             PyObject *args)
 494 {
 495     const char *data;
 496     int size;
 497     const char *errors = NULL;
 498
 499     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "t#|z:mbcs_decode",
 500                           &data, &size, &errors))
 501         return NULL;
 502
 503     return codec_tuple(PyUnicode_DecodeMBCS(data, size, errors),
 504                        size);
 505 }
 506
 507 #endif /* MS_WINDOWS */
 508
 509 /* --- Encoder ------------------------------------------------------------ */
 510
 511 static PyObject *
 512 readbuffer_encode(PyObject *self,
 513                   PyObject *args)
 514 {
 515     const char *data;
 516     int size;
 517     const char *errors = NULL;
 518
 519     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s#|z:readbuffer_encode",
 520                           &data, &size, &errors))
 521         return NULL;
 522
 523     return codec_tuple(PyString_FromStringAndSize(data, size),
 524                        size);
 525 }
 526
 527 static PyObject *
 528 charbuffer_encode(PyObject *self,
 529                   PyObject *args)
 530 {
 531     const char *data;
 532     int size;
 533     const char *errors = NULL;
 534
 535     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "t#|z:charbuffer_encode",
 536                           &data, &size, &errors))
 537         return NULL;
 538
 539     return codec_tuple(PyString_FromStringAndSize(data, size),
 540                        size);
 541 }
 542
 543 static PyObject *
 544 unicode_internal_encode(PyObject *self,
 545                         PyObject *args)
 546 {
 547     PyObject *obj;
 548     const char *errors = NULL;
 549     const char *data;
 550     int size;
 551
 552     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|z:unicode_internal_encode",
 553                           &obj, &errors))
 554         return NULL;
 555
 556     if (PyUnicode_Check(obj)) {
 557         data = PyUnicode_AS_DATA(obj);
 558         size = PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE(obj);
 559         return codec_tuple(PyString_FromStringAndSize(data, size),
 560                            size);
 561     }
 562     else {
 563         if (PyObject_AsReadBuffer(obj, (const void **)&data, &size))
 564             return NULL;
 565         return codec_tuple(PyString_FromStringAndSize(data, size),
 566                            size);
 567     }
 568 }
 569
 570 static PyObject *
 571 utf_7_encode(PyObject *self,
 572             PyObject *args)
 573 {
 574     PyObject *str, *v;
 575     const char *errors = NULL;
 576
 577     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|z:utf_7_encode",
 578                           &str, &errors))
 579         return NULL;
 580
 581     str = PyUnicode_FromObject(str);
 582     if (str == NULL)
 583         return NULL;
 584     v = codec_tuple(PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(str),
 585                                          PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str),
 586                      0,
 587                      0,
 588                                          errors),
 589                     PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str));
 590     Py_DECREF(str);
 591     return v;
 592 }
 593
 594 static PyObject *
 595 utf_8_encode(PyObject *self,
 596             PyObject *args)
 597 {
 598     PyObject *str, *v;
 599     const char *errors = NULL;
 600
 601     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|z:utf_8_encode",
 602                           &str, &errors))
 603         return NULL;
 604
 605     str = PyUnicode_FromObject(str);
 606     if (str == NULL)
 607         return NULL;
 608     v = codec_tuple(PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(str),
 609                                          PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str),
 610                                          errors),
 611                     PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str));
 612     Py_DECREF(str);
 613     return v;
 614 }
 615
 616 /* This version provides access to the byteorder parameter of the
 617    builtin UTF-16 codecs as optional third argument. It defaults to 0
 618    which means: use the native byte order and prepend the data with a
 619    BOM mark.
 620
 621 */
 622
 623 static PyObject *
 624 utf_16_encode(PyObject *self,
 625             PyObject *args)
 626 {
 627     PyObject *str, *v;
 628     const char *errors = NULL;
 629     int byteorder = 0;
 630
 631     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|zi:utf_16_encode",
 632                           &str, &errors, &byteorder))
 633         return NULL;
 634
 635     str = PyUnicode_FromObject(str);
 636     if (str == NULL)
 637         return NULL;
 638     v = codec_tuple(PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(str),
 639                                           PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str),
 640                                           errors,
 641                                           byteorder),
 642                     PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str));
 643     Py_DECREF(str);
 644     return v;
 645 }
 646
 647 static PyObject *
 648 utf_16_le_encode(PyObject *self,
 649                  PyObject *args)
 650 {
 651     PyObject *str, *v;
 652     const char *errors = NULL;
 653
 654     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|z:utf_16_le_encode",
 655                           &str, &errors))
 656         return NULL;
 657
 658     str = PyUnicode_FromObject(str);
 659     if (str == NULL)
 660         return NULL;
 661     v = codec_tuple(PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(str),
 662                                              PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str),
 663                                              errors,
 664                                              -1),
 665                        PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str));
 666     Py_DECREF(str);
 667     return v;
 668 }
 669
 670 static PyObject *
 671 utf_16_be_encode(PyObject *self,
 672                  PyObject *args)
 673 {
 674     PyObject *str, *v;
 675     const char *errors = NULL;
 676
 677     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|z:utf_16_be_encode",
 678                           &str, &errors))
 679         return NULL;
 680
 681     str = PyUnicode_FromObject(str);
 682     if (str == NULL)
 683         return NULL;
 684     v = codec_tuple(PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(str),
 685                                           PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str),
 686                                           errors,
 687                                           +1),
 688                     PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str));
 689     Py_DECREF(str);
 690     return v;
 691 }
 692
 693 static PyObject *
 694 unicode_escape_encode(PyObject *self,
 695                      PyObject *args)
 696 {
 697     PyObject *str, *v;
 698     const char *errors = NULL;
 699
 700     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|z:unicode_escape_encode",
 701                           &str, &errors))
 702         return NULL;
 703
 704     str = PyUnicode_FromObject(str);
 705     if (str == NULL)
 706         return NULL;
 707     v = codec_tuple(PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(str),
 708                                                   PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str)),
 709                     PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str));
 710     Py_DECREF(str);
 711     return v;
 712 }
 713
 714 static PyObject *
 715 raw_unicode_escape_encode(PyObject *self,
 716                         PyObject *args)
 717 {
 718     PyObject *str, *v;
 719     const char *errors = NULL;
 720
 721     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|z:raw_unicode_escape_encode",
 722                           &str, &errors))
 723         return NULL;
 724
 725     str = PyUnicode_FromObject(str);
 726     if (str == NULL)
 727         return NULL;
 728     v = codec_tuple(PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape(
 729                                PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(str),
 730                                PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str)),
 731                     PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str));
 732     Py_DECREF(str);
 733     return v;
 734 }
 735
 736 static PyObject *
 737 latin_1_encode(PyObject *self,
 738                PyObject *args)
 739 {
 740     PyObject *str, *v;
 741     const char *errors = NULL;
 742
 743     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|z:latin_1_encode",
 744                           &str, &errors))
 745         return NULL;
 746
 747     str = PyUnicode_FromObject(str);
 748     if (str == NULL)
 749         return NULL;
 750     v = codec_tuple(PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1(
 751                                PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(str),
 752                                PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str),
 753                                errors),
 754                     PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str));
 755     Py_DECREF(str);
 756     return v;
 757 }
 758
 759 static PyObject *
 760 ascii_encode(PyObject *self,
 761              PyObject *args)
 762 {
 763     PyObject *str, *v;
 764     const char *errors = NULL;
 765
 766     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|z:ascii_encode",
 767                           &str, &errors))
 768         return NULL;
 769
 770     str = PyUnicode_FromObject(str);
 771     if (str == NULL)
 772         return NULL;
 773     v = codec_tuple(PyUnicode_EncodeASCII(
 774                                PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(str),
 775                                PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str),
 776                                errors),
 777                     PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str));
 778     Py_DECREF(str);
 779     return v;
 780 }
 781
 782 static PyObject *
 783 charmap_encode(PyObject *self,
 784              PyObject *args)
 785 {
 786     PyObject *str, *v;
 787     const char *errors = NULL;
 788     PyObject *mapping = NULL;
 789
 790     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|zO:charmap_encode",
 791                           &str, &errors, &mapping))
 792         return NULL;
 793     if (mapping == Py_None)
 794         mapping = NULL;
 795
 796     str = PyUnicode_FromObject(str);
 797     if (str == NULL)
 798         return NULL;
 799     v = codec_tuple(PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap(
 800                                PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(str),
 801                                PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str),
 802                                mapping,
 803                                errors),
 804                     PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str));
 805     Py_DECREF(str);
 806     return v;
 807 }
 808
 809 #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) && defined(HAVE_USABLE_WCHAR_T)
 810
 811 static PyObject *
 812 mbcs_encode(PyObject *self,
 813             PyObject *args)
 814 {
 815     PyObject *str, *v;
 816     const char *errors = NULL;
 817
 818     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|z:mbcs_encode",
 819                           &str, &errors))
 820         return NULL;
 821
 822     str = PyUnicode_FromObject(str);
 823     if (str == NULL)
 824         return NULL;
 825     v = codec_tuple(PyUnicode_EncodeMBCS(
 826                                PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(str),
 827                                PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str),
 828                                errors),
 829                     PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str));
 830     Py_DECREF(str);
 831     return v;
 832 }
 833
 834 #endif /* MS_WINDOWS */
 835 #endif /* Py_USING_UNICODE */
 836
 837 /* --- Error handler registry --------------------------------------------- */
 838
 839 PyDoc_STRVAR(register_error__doc__,
 840 "register_error(errors, handler)\n\
 841 \n\
 842 Register the specified error handler under the name\n\
 843 errors. handler must be a callable object, that\n\
 844 will be called with an exception instance containing\n\
 845 information about the location of the encoding/decoding\n\
 846 error and must return a (replacement, new position) tuple.");
 847
 848 static PyObject *register_error(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 849 {
 850     const char *name;
 851     PyObject *handler;
 852
 853     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sO:register_error",
 854                           &name, &handler))
 855         return NULL;
 856     if (PyCodec_RegisterError(name, handler))
 857         return NULL;
 858     Py_INCREF(Py_None);
 859     return Py_None;
 860 }
 861
 862 PyDoc_STRVAR(lookup_error__doc__,
 863 "lookup_error(errors) -> handler\n\
 864 \n\
 865 Return the error handler for the specified error handling name\n\
 866 or raise a LookupError, if no handler exists under this name.");
 867
 868 static PyObject *lookup_error(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 869 {
 870     const char *name;
 871
 872     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:lookup_error",
 873                           &name))
 874         return NULL;
 875     return PyCodec_LookupError(name);
 876 }
 877
 878 /* --- Module API --------------------------------------------------------- */
 879
 880 static PyMethodDef _codecs_functions[] = {
 881     {"register",                codec_register,                 METH_VARARGS,
 882         register__doc__},
 883     {"lookup",                  codec_lookup,                   METH_VARARGS,
 884         lookup__doc__},
 885     {"encode",                  codec_encode,                   METH_VARARGS,
 886         encode__doc__},
 887     {"decode",                  codec_decode,                   METH_VARARGS,
 888         decode__doc__},
 889     {"escape_encode",           escape_encode,                  METH_VARARGS},
 890     {"escape_decode",           escape_decode,                  METH_VARARGS},
 891 #ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
 892     {"utf_8_encode",            utf_8_encode,                   METH_VARARGS},
 893     {"utf_8_decode",            utf_8_decode,                   METH_VARARGS},
 894     {"utf_7_encode",            utf_7_encode,                   METH_VARARGS},
 895     {"utf_7_decode",            utf_7_decode,                   METH_VARARGS},
 896     {"utf_16_encode",           utf_16_encode,                  METH_VARARGS},
 897     {"utf_16_le_encode",        utf_16_le_encode,               METH_VARARGS},
 898     {"utf_16_be_encode",        utf_16_be_encode,               METH_VARARGS},
 899     {"utf_16_decode",           utf_16_decode,                  METH_VARARGS},
 900     {"utf_16_le_decode",        utf_16_le_decode,               METH_VARARGS},
 901     {"utf_16_be_decode",        utf_16_be_decode,               METH_VARARGS},
 902     {"utf_16_ex_decode",        utf_16_ex_decode,               METH_VARARGS},
 903     {"unicode_escape_encode",   unicode_escape_encode,          METH_VARARGS},
 904     {"unicode_escape_decode",   unicode_escape_decode,          METH_VARARGS},
 905     {"unicode_internal_encode", unicode_internal_encode,        METH_VARARGS},
 906     {"unicode_internal_decode", unicode_internal_decode,        METH_VARARGS},
 907     {"raw_unicode_escape_encode", raw_unicode_escape_encode,    METH_VARARGS},
 908     {"raw_unicode_escape_decode", raw_unicode_escape_decode,    METH_VARARGS},
 909     {"latin_1_encode",          latin_1_encode,                 METH_VARARGS},
 910     {"latin_1_decode",          latin_1_decode,                 METH_VARARGS},
 911     {"ascii_encode",            ascii_encode,                   METH_VARARGS},
 912     {"ascii_decode",            ascii_decode,                   METH_VARARGS},
 913     {"charmap_encode",          charmap_encode,                 METH_VARARGS},
 914     {"charmap_decode",          charmap_decode,                 METH_VARARGS},
 915     {"readbuffer_encode",       readbuffer_encode,              METH_VARARGS},
 916     {"charbuffer_encode",       charbuffer_encode,              METH_VARARGS},
 917 #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) && defined(HAVE_USABLE_WCHAR_T)
 918     {"mbcs_encode",             mbcs_encode,                    METH_VARARGS},
 919     {"mbcs_decode",             mbcs_decode,                    METH_VARARGS},
 920 #endif
 921 #endif /* Py_USING_UNICODE */
 922     {"register_error",          register_error,                 METH_VARARGS,
 923         register_error__doc__},
 924     {"lookup_error",            lookup_error,                   METH_VARARGS,
 925         lookup_error__doc__},
 926     {NULL, NULL}                /* sentinel */
 927 };
 928
 929 PyMODINIT_FUNC
 930 init_codecs(void)
 931 {
 932     Py_InitModule("_codecs", _codecs_functions);
 933 }