1 Writing an IDLE extension
3 An IDLE extension can define new key bindings and menu entries for IDLE
4 edit windows. There is a simple mechanism to load extensions when IDLE
5 starts up and to attach them to each edit window. (It is also possible
6 to make other changes to IDLE, but this must be done by editing the IDLE
9 The list of extensions loaded at startup time is configured by editing
10 the file config.txt; see below for details.
12 An IDLE extension is defined by a class. Methods of the class define
13 actions that are invoked by those bindings or menu entries. Class (or
14 instance) variables define the bindings and menu additions; these are
15 automatically applied by IDLE when the extension is linked to an edit
18 An IDLE extension class is instantiated with a single argument,
19 `editwin', an EditorWindow instance. The extension cannot assume much
20 about this argument, but it is guarateed to have the following instance
23 text a Text instance (a widget)
24 io an IOBinding instance (more about this later)
25 flist the FileList instance (shared by all edit windows)
27 (There are a few more, but they are rarely useful.)
29 The extension class must not bind key events. Rather, it must define
30 one or more virtual events, e.g. <<zoom-height>>, and corresponding
31 methods, e.g. zoom_height_event(), and have one or more class (or instance)
32 variables that define mappings between virtual events and key sequences,
33 e.g. <Alt-F2>. When the extension is loaded, these key sequences will
34 be bound to the corresponding virtual events, and the virtual events
35 will be bound to the corresponding methods. (This indirection is done
36 so that the key bindings can easily be changed, and so that other
37 sources of virtual events can exist, such as menu entries.)
39 The following class or instance variables are used to define key
40 bindings for virtual events:
42 keydefs for all platforms
43 mac_keydefs for Macintosh
44 windows_keydefs for Windows
45 unix_keydefs for Unix (and other platforms)
47 Each of these variables, if it exists, must be a dictionary whose
48 keys are virtual events, and whose values are lists of key sequences.
50 An extension can define menu entries in a similar fashion. This is done
51 with a class or instance variable named menudefs; it should be a list of
52 pair, where each pair is a menu name (lowercase) and a list of menu
53 entries. Each menu entry is either None (to insert a separator entry) or
54 a pair of strings (menu_label, virtual_event). Here, menu_label is the
55 label of the menu entry, and virtual_event is the virtual event to be
56 generated when the entry is selected. An underscore in the menu label
57 is removed; the character following the underscore is displayed
58 underlined, to indicate the shortcut character (for Windows).
60 At the moment, extensions cannot define whole new menus; they must
61 define entries in existing menus. Some menus are not present on some
62 windows; such entry definitions are then ignored, but the key bindings
63 are still applied. (This should probably be refined in the future.)
65 Here is a complete example example:
72 ('_Zoom Height', '<<zoom-height>>'),
77 '<<zoom-height>>': ['<Alt-F2>'],
80 '<<zoom-height>>': ['<Control-z><Control-z>'],
83 def __init__(self, editwin):
84 self.editwin = editwin
86 def zoom_height_event(self, event):
87 "...Do what you want here..."
89 The final piece of the puzzle is the file "config.txt", which is used
90 to to configure the loading of extensions. For each extension,
91 you must include a section in config.txt (or in any of the other
92 configuration files that are consulted at startup: config-unix.txt,
93 config-win.txt, or ~/.idle). A section is headed by the module name
94 in square brackets, e.g.
98 The section may be empty, or it may define configuration options for
99 the extension. (See ParenMatch.py for an example.) A special option
100 is 'enable': including
104 in a section disables that extension. More than one configuration
105 file may specify options for the same extension, so a user may disable
106 an extension that is loaded by default, or enable an extension that is
109 Extensions can define key bindings and menu entries that reference
110 events they don't implement (including standard events); however this is
111 not recommended (and may be forbidden in the future).
113 Extensions are not required to define menu entries for all events they
116 Note: in order to change key bindings, you must currently edit the file
117 keydefs. It contains two dictionaries named and formatted like the
118 keydefs dictionaries described above, one for the Unix bindings and one
119 for the Windows bindings. In the future, a better mechanism will be