Lib/pprint.py

   1 #  Author:      Fred L. Drake, Jr.
   2 #               fdrake@cnri.reston.va.us, fdrake@acm.org
   3 #
   4 #  This is a simple little module I wrote to make life easier.  I didn't
   5 #  see anything quite like it in the library, though I may have overlooked
   6 #  something.  I wrote this when I was trying to read some heavily nested
   7 #  tuples with fairly non-descriptive content.  This is modeled very much
   8 #  after Lisp/Scheme - style pretty-printing of lists.  If you find it
   9 #  useful, thank small children who sleep at night.
  10
  11 """Support to pretty-print lists, tuples, & dictionaries recursively.
  12
  13 Very simple, but useful, especially in debugging data structures.
  14
  15 Classes
  16 -------
  17
  18 PrettyPrinter()
  19     Handle pretty-printing operations onto a stream using a configured
  20     set of formatting parameters.
  21
  22 Functions
  23 ---------
  24
  25 pformat()
  26     Format a Python object into a pretty-printed representation.
  27
  28 pprint()
  29     Pretty-print a Python object to a stream [default is sys.sydout].
  30
  31 saferepr()
  32     Generate a 'standard' repr()-like value, but protect against recursive
  33     data structures.
  34
  35 """
  36
  37 from types import DictType, ListType, TupleType
  38
  39 try:
  40     from cStringIO import StringIO
  41 except ImportError:
  42     from StringIO import StringIO
  43
  44
  45 def pprint(object, stream=None):
  46     """Pretty-print a Python object to a stream [default is sys.sydout]."""
  47     printer = PrettyPrinter(stream=stream)
  48     printer.pprint(object)
  49
  50
  51 def pformat(object):
  52     """Format a Python object into a pretty-printed representation."""
  53     return PrettyPrinter().pformat(object)
  54
  55
  56 def isreadable(object):
  57     """Determine if saferepr(object) is readable by eval()."""
  58     return PrettyPrinter().isreadable(object)
  59
  60
  61 def isrecursive(object):
  62     """Determine if object requires a recursive representation."""
  63     return PrettyPrinter().isrecursive(object)
  64
  65
  66 def saferepr(object):
  67     """Version of repr() which can handle recursive data structures."""
  68     return _safe_repr(object, {})[0]
  69
  70
  71 class PrettyPrinter:
  72     def __init__(self, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, stream=None):
  73         """Handle pretty printing operations onto a stream using a set of
  74         configured parameters.
  75
  76         indent
  77             Number of spaces to indent for each level of nesting.
  78
  79         width
  80             Attempted maximum number of columns in the output.
  81
  82         depth
  83             The maximum depth to print out nested structures.
  84
  85         stream
  86             The desired output stream.  If omitted (or false), the standard
  87             output stream available at construction will be used.
  88
  89         """
  90         indent = int(indent)
  91         width = int(width)
  92         assert indent >= 0
  93         assert (not depth) or depth > 0, "depth may not be negative"
  94         assert width
  95         self.__depth = depth
  96         self.__indent_per_level = indent
  97         self.__width = width
  98         if stream:
  99             self.__stream = stream
 100         else:
 101             import sys
 102             self.__stream = sys.stdout
 103
 104     def pprint(self, object):
 105         self.__stream.write(self.pformat(object) + "\n")
 106
 107     def pformat(self, object):
 108         sio = StringIO()
 109         self.__format(object, sio, 0, 0, {}, 0)
 110         return sio.getvalue()
 111
 112     def isrecursive(self, object):
 113         self.__recursive = 0
 114         self.pformat(object)
 115         return self.__recursive
 116
 117     def isreadable(self, object):
 118         self.__recursive = 0
 119         self.__readable = 1
 120         self.pformat(object)
 121         return self.__readable and not self.__recursive
 122
 123     def __format(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level):
 124         level = level + 1
 125         if context.has_key(id(object)):
 126             object = _Recursion(object)
 127             self.__recursive = 1
 128         rep = self.__repr(object, context, level - 1)
 129         objid = id(object)
 130         context[objid] = 1
 131         typ = type(object)
 132         sepLines = len(rep) > (self.__width - 1 - indent - allowance)
 133
 134         if sepLines and typ in (ListType, TupleType):
 135             #  Pretty-print the sequence.
 136             stream.write((typ is ListType) and '[' or '(')
 137             if self.__indent_per_level > 1:
 138                 stream.write((self.__indent_per_level - 1) * ' ')
 139             length = len(object)
 140             if length:
 141                 indent = indent + self.__indent_per_level
 142                 self.__format(object[0], stream, indent, allowance + 1,
 143                               context, level)
 144                 if length > 1:
 145                     for ent in object[1:]:
 146                         stream.write(',\n' + ' '*indent)
 147                         self.__format(ent, stream, indent,
 148                                       allowance + 1, context, level)
 149                 indent = indent - self.__indent_per_level
 150             if typ is TupleType and length == 1:
 151                 stream.write(',')
 152             stream.write(((typ is ListType) and ']') or ')')
 153
 154         elif sepLines and typ is DictType:
 155             stream.write('{')
 156             if self.__indent_per_level > 1:
 157                 stream.write((self.__indent_per_level - 1) * ' ')
 158             length = len(object)
 159             if length:
 160                 indent = indent + self.__indent_per_level
 161                 items  = object.items()
 162                 items.sort()
 163                 key, ent = items[0]
 164                 rep = self.__repr(key, context, level) + ': '
 165                 stream.write(rep)
 166                 self.__format(ent, stream, indent + len(rep),
 167                               allowance + 1, context, level)
 168                 if len(items) > 1:
 169                     for key, ent in items[1:]:
 170                         rep = self.__repr(key, context, level) + ': '
 171                         stream.write(',\n' + ' '*indent + rep)
 172                         self.__format(ent, stream, indent + len(rep),
 173                                       allowance + 1, context, level)
 174                 indent = indent - self.__indent_per_level
 175             stream.write('}')
 176
 177         else:
 178             stream.write(rep)
 179
 180         del context[objid]
 181
 182     def __repr(self, object, context, level):
 183         repr, readable = _safe_repr(object, context, self.__depth, level)
 184         if not readable:
 185             self.__readable = 0
 186         return repr
 187
 188
 189 def _safe_repr(object, context, maxlevels=None, level=0):
 190     level = level + 1
 191     typ = type(object)
 192     if not (typ in (DictType, ListType, TupleType) and object):
 193         rep = `object`
 194         return rep, (rep and (rep[0] != '<'))
 195     if context.has_key(id(object)):
 196         return `_Recursion(object)`, 0
 197     objid = id(object)
 198     context[objid] = 1
 199     readable = 1
 200     if typ is DictType:
 201         if maxlevels and level >= maxlevels:
 202             s = "{...}"
 203             readable = 0
 204         else:
 205             items = object.items()
 206             k, v = items[0]
 207             krepr, kreadable = _safe_repr(k, context, maxlevels, level)
 208             vrepr, vreadable = _safe_repr(v, context, maxlevels, level)
 209             readable = readable and kreadable and vreadable
 210             s = "{%s: %s" % (krepr, vrepr)
 211             for k, v in items[1:]:
 212                 krepr, kreadable = _safe_repr(k, context, maxlevels, level)
 213                 vrepr, vreadable = _safe_repr(v, context, maxlevels, level)
 214                 readable = readable and kreadable and vreadable
 215                 s = "%s, %s: %s" % (s, krepr, vrepr)
 216             s = s + "}"
 217     else:
 218         s, term = (typ is ListType) and ('[', ']') or ('(', ')')
 219         if maxlevels and level >= maxlevels:
 220             s = s + "..."
 221             readable = 0
 222         else:
 223             subrepr, subreadable = _safe_repr(
 224                 object[0], context, maxlevels, level)
 225             readable = readable and subreadable
 226             s = s + subrepr
 227             tail = object[1:]
 228             if not tail:
 229                 if typ is TupleType:
 230                     s = s + ','
 231             for ent in tail:
 232                 subrepr, subreadable = _safe_repr(
 233                     ent, context, maxlevels, level)
 234                 readable = readable and subreadable
 235                 s = "%s, %s" % (s, subrepr)
 236         s = s + term
 237     del context[objid]
 238     return s, readable
 239
 240
 241 class _Recursion:
 242     # represent a recursive relationship; really only used for the __repr__()
 243     # method...
 244     def __init__(self, object):
 245         self.__repr = "<Recursion on %s with id=%s>" \
 246                       % (type(object).__name__, id(object))
 247
 248     def __repr__(self):
 249         return self.__repr