1 This is Python version 3.0 final
2 ================================
4 For notes specific to this release, see RELNOTES in this directory.
5 Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
6 Python Software Foundation.
9 Python 3 (a.k.a. "Python 3000" or "Py3k", and released as Python 3.0) is a new
10 version of the language, which is incompatible with the 2.x line of releases.
11 The language is mostly the same, but many details, especially how built-in
12 objects like dictionaries and strings work, have changed considerably, and a
13 lot of deprecated features have finally been removed.
19 Documentation for Python 3.0 is online, updated twice a day:
21 http://docs.python.org/dev/3.0/
23 All documentation is also available online at the Python web site
24 (http://docs.python.org/, see below). It is available online for occasional
25 reference, and it can be downloaded in many formats for faster local access.
26 The documentation is downloadable in HTML, PostScript, PDF, LaTeX (through
27 2.5), and reStructuredText (2.6, 3.0, and going forward) formats; the LaTeX
28 and reStructuredText versions are primarily for documentation authors,
29 translators, and people with special formatting requirements.
31 This is a work in progress; please help improve it!
33 The design documents for Python 3 are also online. While the reference
34 documentation is being updated, the PEPs are often the best source of
35 information about new features. Start by reading PEP 3000:
37 http://python.org/dev/peps/pep-3000/
43 For an overview of what's new in Python 3.0, see Guido van Rossum's blog at
46 http://www.artima.com/weblogs/index.jsp?blogger=guido
48 We try to eventually have a comprehensive overview of the changes in the
49 "What's New in Python 3.0" document, found at
51 http://docs.python.org/dev/3.0/whatsnew/3.0
53 Please help improve it!
55 For a more detailed change log, read Misc/NEWS, though this file, too, is
56 incomplete, and also doesn't list anything merged in from the 2.6 release.
58 If you want to install multiple versions of Python see the section below
59 entitled "Installing multiple versions".
62 Proposals for enhancement
63 -------------------------
65 If you have a proposal to change Python, you may want to send an email to the
66 comp.lang.python or python-ideas mailing lists for initial feedback. A Python
67 Enhancement Proposal (PEP) may be submitted if your idea gains ground. All
68 current PEPs, as well as guidelines for submitting a new PEP, are listed at
69 http://www.python.org/dev/peps/.
72 Converting From Python 2.x to 3.0
73 ---------------------------------
75 Python 2.6 contains features to help locating and updating code that needs to
76 be changed when migrating to Python 3.
78 A source-to-source translation tool, "2to3", can take care of the
79 mundane task of converting large amounts of source code. It is not a
80 complete solution but is complemented by the deprecation warnings in
81 2.6. This tool is currently available via the Subversion sandbox:
83 http://svn.python.org/view/sandbox/trunk/2to3/
86 Installing multiple versions
87 ----------------------------
89 On Unix and Mac systems if you intend to install multiple versions of Python
90 using the same installation prefix (--prefix argument to the configure script)
91 you must take care that your primary python executable is not overwritten by
92 the installation of a different version. All files and directories installed
93 using "make altinstall" contain the major and minor version and can thus live
94 side-by-side. "make install" also creates ${prefix}/bin/python which refers
95 to ${prefix}/bin/pythonX.Y. If you intend to install multiple versions using
96 the same prefix you must decide which version (if any) is your "primary"
97 version. Install that version using "make install". Install all other
98 versions using "make altinstall".
100 For example, if you want to install Python 2.5, 2.6 and 3.0 with 2.6 being the
101 primary version, you would execute "make install" in your 2.6 build directory
102 and "make altinstall" in the others.
105 Issue Tracker and Mailing List
106 ------------------------------
108 We're soliciting bug reports about all aspects of the language. Fixes are
109 also welcome, preferable in unified diff format. Please use the issue
112 http://bugs.python.org/
114 If you're not sure whether you're dealing with a bug or a feature, use the
117 python-3000@python.org
119 To subscribe to the list, use the Mailman form:
121 http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-3000/
127 On Unix, Linux, BSD, OSX, and Cygwin:
132 sudo make install # or "make altinstall"
134 You can pass many options to the configure script; run "./configure
135 --help" to find out more. On OSX and Cygwin, the executable is called
136 python.exe; elsewhere it's just python.
138 On Mac OS X, if you have configured Python with --enable-framework,
139 you should use "make frameworkinstall" to do the installation. Note
140 that this installs the Python executable in a place that is not
141 normally on your PATH, you may want to set up a symlink in
144 On Windows, see PCbuild/readme.txt.
146 If you wish, you can create a subdirectory and invoke configure from
151 ../configure --with-pydebug
155 (This will fail if you *also* built at the top-level directory. You
156 should do a "make clean" at the toplevel first.)
159 Copyright and License Information
160 ---------------------------------
162 Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
163 Python Software Foundation.
166 Copyright (c) 2000 BeOpen.com.
169 Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives.
172 Copyright (c) 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum.
175 See the file "LICENSE" for information on the history of this
176 software, terms & conditions for usage, and a DISCLAIMER OF ALL
179 This Python distribution contains *no* GNU General Public License
180 (GPL) code, so it may be used in proprietary projects. There are
181 interfaces to some GNU code but these are entirely optional.
183 All trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective