1 CAN Bus Emulation Support
2 =========================
3 The CAN bus emulation provides mechanism to connect multiple
4 emulated CAN controller chips together by one or multiple CAN busses
5 (the controller device "canbus" parameter). The individual busses
6 can be connected to host system CAN API (at this time only Linux
7 SocketCAN is supported).
9 The concept of busses is generic and different CAN controllers
12 The initial submission implemented SJA1000 controller which
13 is common and well supported by by drivers for the most operating
16 The PCI addon card hardware has been selected as the first CAN
17 interface to implement because such device can be easily connected
18 to systems with different CPU architectures (x86, PowerPC, Arm, etc.).
20 In 2020, CTU CAN FD controller model has been added as part
21 of the bachelor thesis of Jan Charvat. This controller is complete
22 open-source/design/hardware solution. The core designer
23 of the project is Ondrej Ille, the financial support has been
24 provided by CTU, and more companies including Volkswagen subsidiaries.
26 The project has been initially started in frame of RTEMS GSoC 2013
27 slot by Jin Yang under our mentoring The initial idea was to provide generic
28 CAN subsystem for RTEMS. But lack of common environment for code and RTEMS
29 testing lead to goal change to provide environment which provides complete
30 emulated environment for testing and RTEMS GSoC slot has been donated
31 to work on CAN hardware emulation on QEMU.
33 Examples how to use CAN emulation for SJA1000 based boards
34 ----------------------------------------------------------
35 When QEMU with CAN PCI support is compiled then one of the next
36 CAN boards can be selected
38 (1) CAN bus Kvaser PCI CAN-S (single SJA1000 channel) board. QEMU startup options::
40 -object can-bus,id=canbus0
41 -device kvaser_pci,canbus=canbus0
43 Add "can-host-socketcan" object to connect device to host system CAN bus::
45 -object can-host-socketcan,id=canhost0,if=can0,canbus=canbus0
47 (2) CAN bus PCM-3680I PCI (dual SJA1000 channel) emulation::
49 -object can-bus,id=canbus0
50 -device pcm3680_pci,canbus0=canbus0,canbus1=canbus0
54 -object can-bus,id=canbus0
55 -object can-bus,id=canbus1
56 -device pcm3680_pci,canbus0=canbus0,canbus1=canbus1
58 (3) CAN bus MIOe-3680 PCI (dual SJA1000 channel) emulation::
60 -device mioe3680_pci,canbus0=canbus0
62 The ''kvaser_pci'' board/device model is compatible with and has been tested with
63 the ''kvaser_pci'' driver included in mainline Linux kernel.
64 The tested setup was Linux 4.9 kernel on the host and guest side.
66 Example for qemu-system-x86_64::
68 qemu-system-x86_64 -accel kvm -kernel /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-4-amd64 \
69 -initrd ramdisk.cpio \
70 -virtfs local,path=shareddir,security_model=none,mount_tag=shareddir \
71 -object can-bus,id=canbus0 \
72 -object can-host-socketcan,id=canhost0,if=can0,canbus=canbus0 \
73 -device kvaser_pci,canbus=canbus0 \
74 -nographic -append "console=ttyS0"
76 Example for qemu-system-arm::
78 qemu-system-arm -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb \
79 -kernel kernel-qemu-arm1176-versatilepb \
80 -hda rpi-wheezy-overlay \
81 -append "console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/sda2 ro init=/sbin/init-overlay" \
83 -virtfs local,path=shareddir,security_model=none,mount_tag=shareddir \
84 -object can-bus,id=canbus0 \
85 -object can-host-socketcan,id=canhost0,if=can0,canbus=canbus0 \
86 -device kvaser_pci,canbus=canbus0,host=can0 \
88 The CAN interface of the host system has to be configured for proper
89 bitrate and set up. Configuration is not propagated from emulated
90 devices through bus to the physical host device. Example configuration
93 ip link set can0 type can bitrate 1000000
96 Virtual (host local only) can interface can be used on the host
97 side instead of physical interface::
99 ip link add dev can0 type vcan
101 The CAN interface on the host side can be used to analyze CAN
102 traffic with "candump" command which is included in "can-utils"::
106 CTU CAN FD support examples
107 ---------------------------
108 This open-source core provides CAN FD support. CAN FD drames are
109 delivered even to the host systems when SocketCAN interface is found
112 The PCIe board emulation is provided for now (the device identifier is
113 ctucan_pci). The default build defines two CTU CAN FD cores
116 Example how to connect the canbus0-bus (virtual wire) to the host
117 Linux system (SocketCAN used) and to both CTU CAN FD cores emulated
118 on the corresponding PCI card expects that host system CAN bus
119 is setup according to the previous SJA1000 section::
121 qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -kernel /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.52+ \
122 -initrd ramdisk.cpio \
123 -virtfs local,path=shareddir,security_model=none,mount_tag=shareddir \
125 -append "console=ttyS0" \
126 -object can-bus,id=canbus0-bus \
127 -object can-host-socketcan,if=can0,canbus=canbus0-bus,id=canbus0-socketcan \
128 -device ctucan_pci,canbus0=canbus0-bus,canbus1=canbus0-bus \
131 Setup of CTU CAN FD controller in a guest Linux system::
133 insmod ctucanfd.ko || modprobe ctucanfd
134 insmod ctucanfd_pci.ko || modprobe ctucanfd_pci
136 for ifc in /sys/class/net/can* ; do
137 if [ -e $ifc/device/vendor ] ; then
138 if ! grep -q 0x1760 $ifc/device/vendor ; then
144 if [ -e $ifc/device/device ] ; then
145 if ! grep -q 0xff00 $ifc/device/device ; then
152 /bin/ip link set $ifc type can bitrate 1000000 dbitrate 10000000 fd on
153 /bin/ip link set $ifc up
156 The test can run for example::
160 in the guest system and next commands in the host system for basic CAN::
164 for CAN FD without bitrate switch::
168 and with bitrate switch::
172 The test can also be run the other way around, generating messages in the
173 guest system and capturing them in the host system. Other combinations are
176 Links to other resources
177 ------------------------
179 (1) `CAN related projects at Czech Technical University, Faculty of Electrical Engineering <http://canbus.pages.fel.cvut.cz>`_
180 (2) `Repository with development can-pci branch at Czech Technical University <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/qemu-canbus>`_
181 (3) `RTEMS page describing project <https://devel.rtems.org/wiki/Developer/Simulators/QEMU/CANEmulation>`_
182 (4) `RTLWS 2015 article about the project and its use with CANopen emulation <http://cmp.felk.cvut.cz/~pisa/can/doc/rtlws-17-pisa-qemu-can.pdf>`_
183 (5) `GNU/Linux, CAN and CANopen in Real-time Control Applications Slides from LinuxDays 2017 (include updated RTLWS 2015 content) <https://www.linuxdays.cz/2017/video/Pavel_Pisa-CAN_canopen.pdf>`_
184 (6) `Linux SocketCAN utilities <https://github.com/linux-can/can-utils>`_
185 (7) `CTU CAN FD project including core VHDL design, Linux driver, test utilities etc. <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/ctucanfd_ip_core>`_
186 (8) `CTU CAN FD Core Datasheet Documentation <http://canbus.pages.fel.cvut.cz/ctucanfd_ip_core/doc/Datasheet.pdf>`_
187 (9) `CTU CAN FD Core System Architecture Documentation <http://canbus.pages.fel.cvut.cz/ctucanfd_ip_core/doc/System_Architecture.pdf>`_
188 (10) `CTU CAN FD Driver Documentation <https://canbus.pages.fel.cvut.cz/ctucanfd_ip_core/doc/linux_driver/build/ctucanfd-driver.html>`_
189 (11) `Integration with PCIe interfacing for Intel/Altera Cyclone IV based board <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/pcie-ctu_can_fd>`_