1 = How to convert to -device & friends =
3 === Specifying Bus and Address on Bus ===
5 In qdev, each device has a parent bus. Some devices provide one or
6 more buses for children. You can specify a device's parent bus with
9 A device typically has a device address on its parent bus. For buses
10 where this address can be configured, devices provide a bus-specific
13 bus property name value format
14 PCI addr %x.%x (dev.fn, .fn optional)
18 Example: device i440FX-pcihost is on the root bus, and provides a PCI
19 bus named pci.0. To put a FOO device into its slot 4, use -device
20 FOO,bus=/i440FX-pcihost/pci.0,addr=4. The abbreviated form bus=pci.0
21 also works as long as the bus name is unique.
23 Note: the USB device address can't be controlled at this time.
27 A QEMU block device (drive) has a host and a guest part.
29 In the general case, the guest device is connected to a controller
30 device. For instance, the IDE controller provides two IDE buses, each
31 of which can have up to two ide-drive devices, and each ide-drive
32 device is a guest part, and is connected to a host part.
34 Except we sometimes lump controller, bus(es) and drive device(s) all
35 together into a single device. For instance, the ISA floppy
36 controller is connected to up to two host drives.
38 The old ways to define block devices define host and guest part
39 together. Sometimes, they can even define a controller device in
40 addition to the block device.
42 The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with
43 -drive, and guest device(s) with -device.
45 The various old ways to define drives all boil down to the common form
47 -drive if=TYPE,index=IDX,bus=BUS,unit=UNIT,HOST-OPTS...
49 TYPE, BUS and UNIT identify the controller device, which of its buses
50 to use, and the drive's address on that bus. Details depend on TYPE.
51 IDX is an alternative way to specify BUS and UNIT.
53 In the new way, this becomes something like
55 -drive if=none,id=DRIVE-ID,HOST-OPTS...
56 -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,DEV-OPTS...
58 The -device argument differs in detail for each kind of drive:
62 -device ide-drive,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=IDE-BUS,unit=UNIT
64 where IDE-BUS identifies an IDE bus, normally either ide.0 or ide.1,
65 and UNIT is either 0 or 1.
67 Bug: new way does not work for ide.1 unit 0 (in old terms: index=2)
68 unless you disable the default CD-ROM with -nodefaults.
72 The old way implicitly creates SCSI controllers as needed. The new
73 way makes that explicit:
75 -device lsi53c895a,id=ID
77 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to
78 control the PCI device address.
80 This SCSI controller a single SCSI bus, named ID.0. Put a disk on
83 -device scsi-disk,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=ID.0,scsi-id=SCSI-ID
87 -global isa-fdc,driveA=DRIVE-ID,driveB=DRIVE-ID
89 This is -global instead of -device, because the floppy controller is
90 created automatically, and we want to configure that one, not create
91 a second one (which isn't possible anyway).
93 Omitting a drive parameter makes that drive empty.
95 Bug: driveA works only if you disable the default floppy drive with
100 -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=DRIVE-ID,class=C,vectors=V,ioeventfd=IOEVENTFD
102 This lets you control PCI device class and MSI-X vectors.
104 IOEVENTFD controls whether or not ioeventfd is used for virtqueue notify. It
105 can be set to on (default) or off.
107 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to
108 control the PCI device address.
110 * if=pflash, if=mtd, if=sd, if=xen are not yet available with -device
112 For USB devices, the old way is actually different:
114 -usbdevice disk:format=FMT:FILENAME
116 Provides much less control than -drive's HOST-OPTS... The new way
119 -device usb-storage,drive=DRIVE-ID
121 === Character Devices ===
123 A QEMU character device has a host and a guest part.
125 The old ways to define character devices define host and guest part
128 The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with
129 -chardev, and the guest device with -device.
131 The various old ways to define a character device are all of the
134 -FOO FOO-OPTS...,LEGACY-CHARDEV
136 where FOO-OPTS... is specific to -FOO, and the host part
137 LEGACY-CHARDEV is the same everywhere.
139 In the new way, this becomes
141 -chardev HOST-OPTS...,id=CHR-ID
142 -device DEVNAME,chardev=CHR-ID,DEV-OPTS...
144 The appropriate DEVNAME depends on the machine type. For type "pc":
146 * -serial becomes -device isa-serial,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,index=IDX
148 This lets you control I/O ports and IRQs.
150 * -parallel becomes -device isa-parallel,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,index=IDX
152 This lets you control I/O ports and IRQs.
154 * -usbdevice serial:vendorid=VID,productid=PRID becomes
155 -device usb-serial,vendorid=VID,productid=PRID
157 * -usbdevice braille doesn't support LEGACY-CHARDEV syntax. It always
158 uses "braille". With -device, this useful default is gone, so you
159 have to use something like
161 -device usb-braille,chardev=braille,vendorid=VID,productid=PRID
162 -chardev braille,id=braille
164 * -virtioconsole is still being worked on
166 LEGACY-CHARDEV translates to -chardev HOST-OPTS... as follows:
168 * null becomes -chardev null
170 * pty, msmouse, braille, stdio likewise
172 * vc:WIDTHxHEIGHT becomes -chardev vc,width=WIDTH,height=HEIGHT
174 * vc:<COLS>Cx<ROWS>C becomes -chardev vc,cols=<COLS>,rows=<ROWS>
176 * con: becomes -chardev console
178 * COM<NUM> becomes -chardev serial,path=<NUM>
180 * file:FNAME becomes -chardev file,path=FNAME
182 * pipe:FNAME becomes -chardev pipe,path=FNAME
184 * tcp:HOST:PORT,OPTS... becomes -chardev socket,host=HOST,port=PORT,OPTS...
186 * telnet:HOST:PORT,OPTS... becomes
187 -chardev socket,host=HOST,port=PORT,OPTS...,telnet=on
189 * udp:HOST:PORT@LOCALADDR:LOCALPORT becomes
190 -chardev udp,host=HOST,port=PORT,localaddr=LOCALADDR,localport=LOCALPORT
192 * unix:FNAME becomes -chardev socket,path=FNAME
194 * /dev/parportN becomes -chardev parport,file=/dev/parportN
198 * Any other /dev/FNAME becomes -chardev tty,path=/dev/FNAME
200 * mon:LEGACY-CHARDEV is special: it multiplexes the monitor onto the
201 character device defined by LEGACY-CHARDEV. -chardev provides more
202 general multiplexing instead: you can connect up to four users to a
203 single host part. You need to pass mux=on to -chardev to enable
204 switching the input focus.
206 QEMU uses LEGACY-CHARDEV syntax not just to set up guest devices, but
207 also in various other places such as -monitor or -net
208 user,guestfwd=... You can use chardev:CHR-ID in place of
209 LEGACY-CHARDEV to refer to a host part defined with -chardev.
211 === Network Devices ===
213 A QEMU network device (NIC) has a host and a guest part.
215 The old ways to define NICs define host and guest part together. It
218 -net nic,vlan=VLAN,macaddr=MACADDR,model=MODEL,name=ID,addr=STR,vectors=V
220 Except for USB it looks like this:
222 -usbdevice net:vlan=VLAN,macaddr=MACADDR,name=ID,addr=STR,vectors=V
224 The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with
225 -netdev, and the guest device with -device, like this:
227 -netdev type=TYPE,id=NET-ID
228 -device DEVNAME,netdev=NET-ID,mac=MACADDR,DEV-OPTS...
230 Unlike the old way, this creates just a network device, not a VLAN.
231 If you really want a VLAN, create it the usual way, then create the
232 guest device like this:
234 -device DEVNAME,vlan=VLAN,mac=MACADDR,DEV-OPTS...
236 DEVNAME equals MODEL, except for virtio you have to name the virtio
237 device appropriate for the bus (virtio-net-pci for PCI), and for USB
238 NIC you have to use usb-net.
240 The old name=ID parameter becomes the usual id=ID with -device.
242 For PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI
243 device address, as usual. The old -net nic provides parameter addr
244 for that, it is silently ignored when the NIC is not a PCI device.
246 For virtio-net-pci, you can control whether or not ioeventfd is used for
247 virtqueue notify by setting ioeventfd= to on or off (default).
249 -net nic accepts vectors=V for all models, but it's silently ignored
250 except for virtio-net-pci (model=virtio). With -device, only devices
251 that support it accept it.
253 Not all devices are available with -device at this time. All PCI
254 devices and ne2k_isa are.
256 Some PCI devices aren't available with -net nic, e.g. i82558a.
258 Bug: usb-net does not work, yet. Patch posted.
260 === Graphics Devices ===
262 Host and guest part of graphics devices have always been separate.
264 The old way to define the guest graphics device is -vga VGA.
266 The new way is -device. Map from -vga argument to -device:
269 cirrus -device cirrus-vga
270 vmware -device vmware-svga
271 xenfb not yet available with -device
273 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control
274 the PCI device address.
276 -device VGA supports properties bios-offset and bios-size, but they
277 aren't used with machine type "pc".
279 Bug: -device cirrus-vga and -device vmware-svga require -nodefaults.
281 Bug: the new way requires PCI; ISA VGA is not yet available with
284 Bug: the new way doesn't work for machine type "pc", because it
285 violates obscure device initialization ordering constraints.
287 === Audio Devices ===
289 Host and guest part of audio devices have always been separate.
291 The old way to define guest audio devices is -soundhw C1,...
293 The new way is to define each guest audio device separately with
296 Map from -soundhw sound card name to -device:
299 cs4231a -device cs4231a,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA
300 es1370 -device ES1370
301 gus -device gus,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,freq=F
302 sb16 -device sb16,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,dma16=DMA16,version=V
303 adlib not yet available with -device
304 pcspk not yet available with -device
306 For PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI
307 device address, as usual.
311 The old way to define a virtual USB device is -usbdevice DRIVER:OPTS...
313 The new way is -device DEVNAME,DEV-OPTS... Details depend on DRIVER:
315 * mouse -device usb-mouse
316 * tablet -device usb-tablet
317 * keyboard -device usb-kdb
318 * wacom-tablet -device usb-wacom-tablet
319 * host:... See "Host Device Assignment"
320 * disk:... See "Block Devices"
321 * serial:... See "Character Devices"
322 * braille See "Character Devices"
323 * net:... See "Network Devices"
324 * bt:... not yet available with -device
326 === Watchdog Devices ===
328 Host and guest part of watchdog devices have always been separate.
330 The old way to define a guest watchdog device is -watchdog DEVNAME.
331 The new way is -device DEVNAME. For PCI devices, you can add
332 bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI device address, as usual.
334 === Host Device Assignment ===
336 QEMU supports assigning host PCI devices (qemu-kvm only at this time)
337 and host USB devices.
339 The old way to assign a host PCI device is
341 -pcidevice host=ADDR,dma=none,id=ID
345 -device pci-assign,host=ADDR,iommu=IOMMU,id=ID
347 The old dma=none becomes iommu=0 with -device.
349 The old way to assign a host USB device is
351 -usbdevice host:auto:BUS.ADDR:VID:PRID
353 where any of BUS, ADDR, VID, PRID can be the wildcard *.
357 -device usb-host,hostbus=BUS,hostaddr=ADDR,vendorid=VID,productid=PRID
359 where left out or zero BUS, ADDR, VID, PRID serve as wildcard.