qemu-img.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU disk image utility
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  12  *
  13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  15  *
  16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  22  * THE SOFTWARE.
  23  */
  24 #include "qemu-common.h"
  25 #include "block_int.h"
  26 #include <assert.h>
  27
  28 #ifdef _WIN32
  29 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  30 #include <windows.h>
  31 #endif
  32
  33 static void __attribute__((noreturn)) error(const char *fmt, ...)
  34 {
  35     va_list ap;
  36     va_start(ap, fmt);
  37     fprintf(stderr, "qemu-img: ");
  38     vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
  39     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
  40     exit(1);
  41     va_end(ap);
  42 }
  43
  44 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
  45 {
  46     printf(" %s", name);
  47 }
  48
  49 static void help(void)
  50 {
  51     printf("qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
  52            "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
  53            "QEMU disk image utility\n"
  54            "\n"
  55            "Command syntax:\n"
  56            "  create [-e] [-6] [-b base_image] [-f fmt] filename [size]\n"
  57            "  commit [-f fmt] filename\n"
  58            "  convert [-c] [-e] [-6] [-f fmt] [-O output_fmt] filename [filename2 [...]] output_filename\n"
  59            "  info [-f fmt] filename\n"
  60            "\n"
  61            "Command parameters:\n"
  62            "  'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
  63            "  'base_image' is the read-only disk image which is used as base for a copy on\n"
  64            "    write image; the copy on write image only stores the modified data\n"
  65            "  'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
  66            "  'size' is the disk image size in kilobytes. Optional suffixes 'M' (megabyte)\n"
  67            "    and 'G' (gigabyte) are supported\n"
  68            "  'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
  69            "  'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
  70            "  '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
  71            "  '-e' indicates that the target image must be encrypted (qcow format only)\n"
  72            "  '-6' indicates that the target image must use compatibility level 6 (vmdk format only)\n"
  73            );
  74     printf("\nSupported format:");
  75     bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
  76     printf("\n");
  77     exit(1);
  78 }
  79
  80 #if defined(WIN32)
  81 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
  82 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
  83 {
  84     int c, i;
  85     printf("Password: ");
  86     fflush(stdout);
  87     i = 0;
  88     for(;;) {
  89         c = getchar();
  90         if (c == '\n')
  91             break;
  92         if (i < (buf_size - 1))
  93             buf[i++] = c;
  94     }
  95     buf[i] = '\0';
  96     return 0;
  97 }
  98
  99 #else
 100
 101 #include <termios.h>
 102
 103 static struct termios oldtty;
 104
 105 static void term_exit(void)
 106 {
 107     tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
 108 }
 109
 110 static void term_init(void)
 111 {
 112     struct termios tty;
 113
 114     tcgetattr (0, &tty);
 115     oldtty = tty;
 116
 117     tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
 118                           |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
 119     tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
 120     tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
 121     tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
 122     tty.c_cflag |= CS8;
 123     tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
 124     tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
 125
 126     tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
 127
 128     atexit(term_exit);
 129 }
 130
 131 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
 132 {
 133     uint8_t ch;
 134     int i, ret;
 135
 136     printf("password: ");
 137     fflush(stdout);
 138     term_init();
 139     i = 0;
 140     for(;;) {
 141         ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
 142         if (ret == -1) {
 143             if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
 144                 continue;
 145             } else {
 146                 ret = -1;
 147                 break;
 148             }
 149         } else if (ret == 0) {
 150             ret = -1;
 151             break;
 152         } else {
 153             if (ch == '\r') {
 154                 ret = 0;
 155                 break;
 156             }
 157             if (i < (buf_size - 1))
 158                 buf[i++] = ch;
 159         }
 160     }
 161     term_exit();
 162     buf[i] = '\0';
 163     printf("\n");
 164     return ret;
 165 }
 166 #endif
 167
 168 static BlockDriverState *bdrv_new_open(const char *filename,
 169                                        const char *fmt)
 170 {
 171     BlockDriverState *bs;
 172     BlockDriver *drv;
 173     char password[256];
 174
 175     bs = bdrv_new("");
 176     if (!bs)
 177         error("Not enough memory");
 178     if (fmt) {
 179         drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
 180         if (!drv)
 181             error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 182     } else {
 183         drv = NULL;
 184     }
 185     if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, 0, drv) < 0) {
 186         error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
 187     }
 188     if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs)) {
 189         printf("Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
 190         if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0)
 191             error("No password given");
 192         if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0)
 193             error("invalid password");
 194     }
 195     return bs;
 196 }
 197
 198 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
 199 {
 200     int c, ret, flags;
 201     const char *fmt = "raw";
 202     const char *filename;
 203     const char *base_filename = NULL;
 204     uint64_t size;
 205     const char *p;
 206     BlockDriver *drv;
 207
 208     flags = 0;
 209     for(;;) {
 210         c = getopt(argc, argv, "b:f:he6");
 211         if (c == -1)
 212             break;
 213         switch(c) {
 214         case 'h':
 215             help();
 216             break;
 217         case 'b':
 218             base_filename = optarg;
 219             break;
 220         case 'f':
 221             fmt = optarg;
 222             break;
 223         case 'e':
 224             flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT;
 225             break;
 226         case '6':
 227             flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6;
 228             break;
 229         }
 230     }
 231     if (optind >= argc)
 232         help();
 233     filename = argv[optind++];
 234     size = 0;
 235     if (base_filename) {
 236         BlockDriverState *bs;
 237         bs = bdrv_new_open(base_filename, NULL);
 238         bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &size);
 239         size *= 512;
 240         bdrv_delete(bs);
 241     } else {
 242         if (optind >= argc)
 243             help();
 244         p = argv[optind];
 245         size = strtoul(p, (char **)&p, 0);
 246         if (*p == 'M') {
 247             size *= 1024 * 1024;
 248         } else if (*p == 'G') {
 249             size *= 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
 250         } else if (*p == 'k' || *p == 'K' || *p == '\0') {
 251             size *= 1024;
 252         } else {
 253             help();
 254         }
 255     }
 256     drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
 257     if (!drv)
 258         error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 259     printf("Formatting '%s', fmt=%s",
 260            filename, fmt);
 261     if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT)
 262         printf(", encrypted");
 263     if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6)
 264         printf(", compatibility level=6");
 265     if (base_filename) {
 266         printf(", backing_file=%s",
 267                base_filename);
 268     }
 269     printf(", size=%" PRIu64 " kB\n", size / 1024);
 270     ret = bdrv_create(drv, filename, size / 512, base_filename, flags);
 271     if (ret < 0) {
 272         if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
 273             error("Formatting or formatting option not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
 274         } else {
 275             error("Error while formatting");
 276         }
 277     }
 278     return 0;
 279 }
 280
 281 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
 282 {
 283     int c, ret;
 284     const char *filename, *fmt;
 285     BlockDriver *drv;
 286     BlockDriverState *bs;
 287
 288     fmt = NULL;
 289     for(;;) {
 290         c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
 291         if (c == -1)
 292             break;
 293         switch(c) {
 294         case 'h':
 295             help();
 296             break;
 297         case 'f':
 298             fmt = optarg;
 299             break;
 300         }
 301     }
 302     if (optind >= argc)
 303         help();
 304     filename = argv[optind++];
 305
 306     bs = bdrv_new("");
 307     if (!bs)
 308         error("Not enough memory");
 309     if (fmt) {
 310         drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
 311         if (!drv)
 312             error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 313     } else {
 314         drv = NULL;
 315     }
 316     if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, 0, drv) < 0) {
 317         error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
 318     }
 319     ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
 320     switch(ret) {
 321     case 0:
 322         printf("Image committed.\n");
 323         break;
 324     case -ENOENT:
 325         error("No disk inserted");
 326         break;
 327     case -EACCES:
 328         error("Image is read-only");
 329         break;
 330     case -ENOTSUP:
 331         error("Image is already committed");
 332         break;
 333     default:
 334         error("Error while committing image");
 335         break;
 336     }
 337
 338     bdrv_delete(bs);
 339     return 0;
 340 }
 341
 342 static int is_not_zero(const uint8_t *sector, int len)
 343 {
 344     int i;
 345     len >>= 2;
 346     for(i = 0;i < len; i++) {
 347         if (((uint32_t *)sector)[i] != 0)
 348             return 1;
 349     }
 350     return 0;
 351 }
 352
 353 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
 354 {
 355     int v, i;
 356
 357     if (n <= 0) {
 358         *pnum = 0;
 359         return 0;
 360     }
 361     v = is_not_zero(buf, 512);
 362     for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 363         buf += 512;
 364         if (v != is_not_zero(buf, 512))
 365             break;
 366     }
 367     *pnum = i;
 368     return v;
 369 }
 370
 371 #define IO_BUF_SIZE 65536
 372
 373 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
 374 {
 375     int c, ret, n, n1, bs_n, bs_i, flags, cluster_size, cluster_sectors;
 376     const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *out_filename;
 377     BlockDriver *drv;
 378     BlockDriverState **bs, *out_bs;
 379     int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num, bs_offset;
 380     uint64_t bs_sectors;
 381     uint8_t buf[IO_BUF_SIZE];
 382     const uint8_t *buf1;
 383     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
 384
 385     fmt = NULL;
 386     out_fmt = "raw";
 387     flags = 0;
 388     for(;;) {
 389         c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:O:hce6");
 390         if (c == -1)
 391             break;
 392         switch(c) {
 393         case 'h':
 394             help();
 395             break;
 396         case 'f':
 397             fmt = optarg;
 398             break;
 399         case 'O':
 400             out_fmt = optarg;
 401             break;
 402         case 'c':
 403             flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_COMPRESS;
 404             break;
 405         case 'e':
 406             flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT;
 407             break;
 408         case '6':
 409             flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6;
 410             break;
 411         }
 412     }
 413
 414     bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
 415     if (bs_n < 1) help();
 416
 417     out_filename = argv[argc - 1];
 418
 419     bs = calloc(bs_n, sizeof(BlockDriverState *));
 420     if (!bs)
 421         error("Out of memory");
 422
 423     total_sectors = 0;
 424     for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
 425         bs[bs_i] = bdrv_new_open(argv[optind + bs_i], fmt);
 426         if (!bs[bs_i])
 427             error("Could not open '%s'", argv[optind + bs_i]);
 428         bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
 429         total_sectors += bs_sectors;
 430     }
 431
 432     drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
 433     if (!drv)
 434         error("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
 435     if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPRESS && drv != &bdrv_qcow && drv != &bdrv_qcow2)
 436         error("Compression not supported for this file format");
 437     if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT && drv != &bdrv_qcow && drv != &bdrv_qcow2)
 438         error("Encryption not supported for this file format");
 439     if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6 && drv != &bdrv_vmdk)
 440         error("Alternative compatibility level not supported for this file format");
 441     if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT && flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPRESS)
 442         error("Compression and encryption not supported at the same time");
 443
 444     ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, total_sectors, NULL, flags);
 445     if (ret < 0) {
 446         if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
 447             error("Formatting not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
 448         } else {
 449             error("Error while formatting '%s'", out_filename);
 450         }
 451     }
 452
 453     out_bs = bdrv_new_open(out_filename, out_fmt);
 454
 455     bs_i = 0;
 456     bs_offset = 0;
 457     bdrv_get_geometry(bs[0], &bs_sectors);
 458
 459     if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPRESS) {
 460         if (bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi) < 0)
 461             error("could not get block driver info");
 462         cluster_size = bdi.cluster_size;
 463         if (cluster_size <= 0 || cluster_size > IO_BUF_SIZE)
 464             error("invalid cluster size");
 465         cluster_sectors = cluster_size >> 9;
 466         sector_num = 0;
 467         for(;;) {
 468             int64_t bs_num;
 469             int remainder;
 470             uint8_t *buf2;
 471
 472             nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
 473             if (nb_sectors <= 0)
 474                 break;
 475             if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
 476                 n = cluster_sectors;
 477             else
 478                 n = nb_sectors;
 479
 480             bs_num = sector_num - bs_offset;
 481             assert (bs_num >= 0);
 482             remainder = n;
 483             buf2 = buf;
 484             while (remainder > 0) {
 485                 int nlow;
 486                 while (bs_num == bs_sectors) {
 487                     bs_i++;
 488                     assert (bs_i < bs_n);
 489                     bs_offset += bs_sectors;
 490                     bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
 491                     bs_num = 0;
 492                     /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%lld, "
 493                        "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%lld, bs_sectors=%lld\n",
 494                        sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
 495                 }
 496                 assert (bs_num < bs_sectors);
 497
 498                 nlow = (remainder > bs_sectors - bs_num) ? bs_sectors - bs_num : remainder;
 499
 500                 if (bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], bs_num, buf2, nlow) < 0)
 501                     error("error while reading");
 502
 503                 buf2 += nlow * 512;
 504                 bs_num += nlow;
 505
 506                 remainder -= nlow;
 507             }
 508             assert (remainder == 0);
 509
 510             if (n < cluster_sectors)
 511                 memset(buf + n * 512, 0, cluster_size - n * 512);
 512             if (is_not_zero(buf, cluster_size)) {
 513                 if (bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, sector_num, buf,
 514                                           cluster_sectors) != 0)
 515                     error("error while compressing sector %" PRId64,
 516                           sector_num);
 517             }
 518             sector_num += n;
 519         }
 520         /* signal EOF to align */
 521         bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, 0, NULL, 0);
 522     } else {
 523         sector_num = 0;
 524         for(;;) {
 525             nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
 526             if (nb_sectors <= 0)
 527                 break;
 528             if (nb_sectors >= (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512))
 529                 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
 530             else
 531                 n = nb_sectors;
 532
 533             while (sector_num - bs_offset >= bs_sectors) {
 534                 bs_i ++;
 535                 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
 536                 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
 537                 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
 538                 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%lld, bs_i=%d, "
 539                   "bs_offset=%lld, bs_sectors=%lld\n",
 540                    sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
 541             }
 542
 543             if (n > bs_offset + bs_sectors - sector_num)
 544                 n = bs_offset + bs_sectors - sector_num;
 545
 546             if (bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset, buf, n) < 0)
 547                 error("error while reading");
 548             /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
 549                sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
 550                should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
 551             buf1 = buf;
 552             while (n > 0) {
 553                 if (is_allocated_sectors(buf1, n, &n1)) {
 554                     if (bdrv_write(out_bs, sector_num, buf1, n1) < 0)
 555                         error("error while writing");
 556                 }
 557                 sector_num += n1;
 558                 n -= n1;
 559                 buf1 += n1 * 512;
 560             }
 561         }
 562     }
 563     bdrv_delete(out_bs);
 564     for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++)
 565         bdrv_delete(bs[bs_i]);
 566     free(bs);
 567     return 0;
 568 }
 569
 570 #ifdef _WIN32
 571 static int64_t get_allocated_file_size(const char *filename)
 572 {
 573     typedef DWORD (WINAPI * get_compressed_t)(const char *filename, DWORD *high);
 574     get_compressed_t get_compressed;
 575     struct _stati64 st;
 576
 577     /* WinNT support GetCompressedFileSize to determine allocate size */
 578     get_compressed = (get_compressed_t) GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32"), "GetCompressedFileSizeA");
 579     if (get_compressed) {
 580         DWORD high, low;
 581         low = get_compressed(filename, &high);
 582         if (low != 0xFFFFFFFFlu || GetLastError() == NO_ERROR)
 583             return (((int64_t) high) << 32) + low;
 584     }
 585
 586     if (_stati64(filename, &st) < 0)
 587         return -1;
 588     return st.st_size;
 589 }
 590 #else
 591 static int64_t get_allocated_file_size(const char *filename)
 592 {
 593     struct stat st;
 594     if (stat(filename, &st) < 0)
 595         return -1;
 596     return (int64_t)st.st_blocks * 512;
 597 }
 598 #endif
 599
 600 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
 601 {
 602     QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
 603     int nb_sns, i;
 604     char buf[256];
 605
 606     nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
 607     if (nb_sns <= 0)
 608         return;
 609     printf("Snapshot list:\n");
 610     printf("%s\n", bdrv_snapshot_dump(buf, sizeof(buf), NULL));
 611     for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
 612         sn = &sn_tab[i];
 613         printf("%s\n", bdrv_snapshot_dump(buf, sizeof(buf), sn));
 614     }
 615     qemu_free(sn_tab);
 616 }
 617
 618 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
 619 {
 620     int c;
 621     const char *filename, *fmt;
 622     BlockDriver *drv;
 623     BlockDriverState *bs;
 624     char fmt_name[128], size_buf[128], dsize_buf[128];
 625     uint64_t total_sectors;
 626     int64_t allocated_size;
 627     char backing_filename[1024];
 628     char backing_filename2[1024];
 629     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
 630
 631     fmt = NULL;
 632     for(;;) {
 633         c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
 634         if (c == -1)
 635             break;
 636         switch(c) {
 637         case 'h':
 638             help();
 639             break;
 640         case 'f':
 641             fmt = optarg;
 642             break;
 643         }
 644     }
 645     if (optind >= argc)
 646         help();
 647     filename = argv[optind++];
 648
 649     bs = bdrv_new("");
 650     if (!bs)
 651         error("Not enough memory");
 652     if (fmt) {
 653         drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
 654         if (!drv)
 655             error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 656     } else {
 657         drv = NULL;
 658     }
 659     if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, 0, drv) < 0) {
 660         error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
 661     }
 662     bdrv_get_format(bs, fmt_name, sizeof(fmt_name));
 663     bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &total_sectors);
 664     get_human_readable_size(size_buf, sizeof(size_buf), total_sectors * 512);
 665     allocated_size = get_allocated_file_size(filename);
 666     if (allocated_size < 0)
 667         sprintf(dsize_buf, "unavailable");
 668     else
 669         get_human_readable_size(dsize_buf, sizeof(dsize_buf),
 670                                 allocated_size);
 671     printf("image: %s\n"
 672            "file format: %s\n"
 673            "virtual size: %s (%" PRId64 " bytes)\n"
 674            "disk size: %s\n",
 675            filename, fmt_name, size_buf,
 676            (total_sectors * 512),
 677            dsize_buf);
 678     if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs))
 679         printf("encrypted: yes\n");
 680     if (bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi) >= 0) {
 681         if (bdi.cluster_size != 0)
 682             printf("cluster_size: %d\n", bdi.cluster_size);
 683     }
 684     bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_filename, sizeof(backing_filename));
 685     if (backing_filename[0] != '\0') {
 686         path_combine(backing_filename2, sizeof(backing_filename2),
 687                      filename, backing_filename);
 688         printf("backing file: %s (actual path: %s)\n",
 689                backing_filename,
 690                backing_filename2);
 691     }
 692     dump_snapshots(bs);
 693     bdrv_delete(bs);
 694     return 0;
 695 }
 696
 697 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 698 {
 699     const char *cmd;
 700
 701     bdrv_init();
 702     if (argc < 2)
 703         help();
 704     cmd = argv[1];
 705     optind++;
 706     if (!strcmp(cmd, "create")) {
 707         img_create(argc, argv);
 708     } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "commit")) {
 709         img_commit(argc, argv);
 710     } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "convert")) {
 711         img_convert(argc, argv);
 712     } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "info")) {
 713         img_info(argc, argv);
 714     } else {
 715         help();
 716     }
 717     return 0;
 718 }