qemu-io-cmds.c

   1 /*
   2  * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
   5  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
   6  *
   7  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
   8  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
   9  */
  10
  11 #include "qemu-io.h"
  12 #include "block/block_int.h"
  13 #include "block/qapi.h"
  14 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
  15 #include "qemu/timer.h"
  16
  17 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01
  18
  19 bool qemuio_misalign;
  20
  21 static cmdinfo_t *cmdtab;
  22 static int ncmds;
  23
  24 static int compare_cmdname(const void *a, const void *b)
  25 {
  26     return strcmp(((const cmdinfo_t *)a)->name,
  27                   ((const cmdinfo_t *)b)->name);
  28 }
  29
  30 void qemuio_add_command(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
  31 {
  32     cmdtab = g_renew(cmdinfo_t, cmdtab, ++ncmds);
  33     cmdtab[ncmds - 1] = *ci;
  34     qsort(cmdtab, ncmds, sizeof(*cmdtab), compare_cmdname);
  35 }
  36
  37 int qemuio_command_usage(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
  38 {
  39     printf("%s %s -- %s\n", ci->name, ci->args, ci->oneline);
  40     return 0;
  41 }
  42
  43 static int init_check_command(BlockDriverState *bs, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
  44 {
  45     if (ct->flags & CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL) {
  46         return 1;
  47     }
  48     if (!(ct->flags & CMD_NOFILE_OK) && !bs) {
  49         fprintf(stderr, "no file open, try 'help open'\n");
  50         return 0;
  51     }
  52     return 1;
  53 }
  54
  55 static int command(BlockDriverState *bs, const cmdinfo_t *ct, int argc,
  56                    char **argv)
  57 {
  58     char *cmd = argv[0];
  59
  60     if (!init_check_command(bs, ct)) {
  61         return 0;
  62     }
  63
  64     if (argc - 1 < ct->argmin || (ct->argmax != -1 && argc - 1 > ct->argmax)) {
  65         if (ct->argmax == -1) {
  66             fprintf(stderr,
  67                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected at least %d arguments\n",
  68                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
  69         } else if (ct->argmin == ct->argmax) {
  70             fprintf(stderr,
  71                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected %d arguments\n",
  72                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
  73         } else {
  74             fprintf(stderr,
  75                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected between %d and %d arguments\n",
  76                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin, ct->argmax);
  77         }
  78         return 0;
  79     }
  80     optind = 0;
  81     return ct->cfunc(bs, argc, argv);
  82 }
  83
  84 static const cmdinfo_t *find_command(const char *cmd)
  85 {
  86     cmdinfo_t *ct;
  87
  88     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
  89         if (strcmp(ct->name, cmd) == 0 ||
  90             (ct->altname && strcmp(ct->altname, cmd) == 0))
  91         {
  92             return (const cmdinfo_t *)ct;
  93         }
  94     }
  95     return NULL;
  96 }
  97
  98 /* Invoke fn() for commands with a matching prefix */
  99 void qemuio_complete_command(const char *input,
 100                              void (*fn)(const char *cmd, void *opaque),
 101                              void *opaque)
 102 {
 103     cmdinfo_t *ct;
 104     size_t input_len = strlen(input);
 105
 106     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
 107         if (strncmp(input, ct->name, input_len) == 0) {
 108             fn(ct->name, opaque);
 109         }
 110     }
 111 }
 112
 113 static char **breakline(char *input, int *count)
 114 {
 115     int c = 0;
 116     char *p;
 117     char **rval = g_new0(char *, 1);
 118
 119     while (rval && (p = qemu_strsep(&input, " ")) != NULL) {
 120         if (!*p) {
 121             continue;
 122         }
 123         c++;
 124         rval = g_renew(char *, rval, (c + 1));
 125         rval[c - 1] = p;
 126         rval[c] = NULL;
 127     }
 128     *count = c;
 129     return rval;
 130 }
 131
 132 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
 133 {
 134     char *end;
 135     return strtosz_suffix(s, &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
 136 }
 137
 138 #define EXABYTES(x)     ((long long)(x) << 60)
 139 #define PETABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 50)
 140 #define TERABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 40)
 141 #define GIGABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 30)
 142 #define MEGABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 20)
 143 #define KILOBYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 10)
 144
 145 #define TO_EXABYTES(x)  ((x) / EXABYTES(1))
 146 #define TO_PETABYTES(x) ((x) / PETABYTES(1))
 147 #define TO_TERABYTES(x) ((x) / TERABYTES(1))
 148 #define TO_GIGABYTES(x) ((x) / GIGABYTES(1))
 149 #define TO_MEGABYTES(x) ((x) / MEGABYTES(1))
 150 #define TO_KILOBYTES(x) ((x) / KILOBYTES(1))
 151
 152 static void cvtstr(double value, char *str, size_t size)
 153 {
 154     char *trim;
 155     const char *suffix;
 156
 157     if (value >= EXABYTES(1)) {
 158         suffix = " EiB";
 159         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_EXABYTES(value));
 160     } else if (value >= PETABYTES(1)) {
 161         suffix = " PiB";
 162         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_PETABYTES(value));
 163     } else if (value >= TERABYTES(1)) {
 164         suffix = " TiB";
 165         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_TERABYTES(value));
 166     } else if (value >= GIGABYTES(1)) {
 167         suffix = " GiB";
 168         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_GIGABYTES(value));
 169     } else if (value >= MEGABYTES(1)) {
 170         suffix = " MiB";
 171         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_MEGABYTES(value));
 172     } else if (value >= KILOBYTES(1)) {
 173         suffix = " KiB";
 174         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_KILOBYTES(value));
 175     } else {
 176         suffix = " bytes";
 177         snprintf(str, size - 6, "%f", value);
 178     }
 179
 180     trim = strstr(str, ".000");
 181     if (trim) {
 182         strcpy(trim, suffix);
 183     } else {
 184         strcat(str, suffix);
 185     }
 186 }
 187
 188
 189
 190 static struct timeval tsub(struct timeval t1, struct timeval t2)
 191 {
 192     t1.tv_usec -= t2.tv_usec;
 193     if (t1.tv_usec < 0) {
 194         t1.tv_usec += 1000000;
 195         t1.tv_sec--;
 196     }
 197     t1.tv_sec -= t2.tv_sec;
 198     return t1;
 199 }
 200
 201 static double tdiv(double value, struct timeval tv)
 202 {
 203     return value / ((double)tv.tv_sec + ((double)tv.tv_usec / 1000000.0));
 204 }
 205
 206 #define HOURS(sec)      ((sec) / (60 * 60))
 207 #define MINUTES(sec)    (((sec) % (60 * 60)) / 60)
 208 #define SECONDS(sec)    ((sec) % 60)
 209
 210 enum {
 211     DEFAULT_TIME        = 0x0,
 212     TERSE_FIXED_TIME    = 0x1,
 213     VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME  = 0x2,
 214 };
 215
 216 static void timestr(struct timeval *tv, char *ts, size_t size, int format)
 217 {
 218     double usec = (double)tv->tv_usec / 1000000.0;
 219
 220     if (format & TERSE_FIXED_TIME) {
 221         if (!HOURS(tv->tv_sec)) {
 222             snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%02u.%02u",
 223                     (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
 224                     (unsigned int) SECONDS(tv->tv_sec),
 225                     (unsigned int) (usec * 100));
 226             return;
 227         }
 228         format |= VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME; /* fallback if hours needed */
 229     }
 230
 231     if ((format & VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME) || tv->tv_sec) {
 232         snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%02u:%02u.%02u",
 233                 (unsigned int) HOURS(tv->tv_sec),
 234                 (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
 235                 (unsigned int) SECONDS(tv->tv_sec),
 236                 (unsigned int) (usec * 100));
 237     } else {
 238         snprintf(ts, size, "0.%04u sec", (unsigned int) (usec * 10000));
 239     }
 240 }
 241
 242 /*
 243  * Parse the pattern argument to various sub-commands.
 244  *
 245  * Because the pattern is used as an argument to memset it must evaluate
 246  * to an unsigned integer that fits into a single byte.
 247  */
 248 static int parse_pattern(const char *arg)
 249 {
 250     char *endptr = NULL;
 251     long pattern;
 252
 253     pattern = strtol(arg, &endptr, 0);
 254     if (pattern < 0 || pattern > UCHAR_MAX || *endptr != '\0') {
 255         printf("%s is not a valid pattern byte\n", arg);
 256         return -1;
 257     }
 258
 259     return pattern;
 260 }
 261
 262 /*
 263  * Memory allocation helpers.
 264  *
 265  * Make sure memory is aligned by default, or purposefully misaligned if
 266  * that is specified on the command line.
 267  */
 268
 269 #define MISALIGN_OFFSET     16
 270 static void *qemu_io_alloc(BlockDriverState *bs, size_t len, int pattern)
 271 {
 272     void *buf;
 273
 274     if (qemuio_misalign) {
 275         len += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
 276     }
 277     buf = qemu_blockalign(bs, len);
 278     memset(buf, pattern, len);
 279     if (qemuio_misalign) {
 280         buf += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
 281     }
 282     return buf;
 283 }
 284
 285 static void qemu_io_free(void *p)
 286 {
 287     if (qemuio_misalign) {
 288         p -= MISALIGN_OFFSET;
 289     }
 290     qemu_vfree(p);
 291 }
 292
 293 static void dump_buffer(const void *buffer, int64_t offset, int len)
 294 {
 295     int i, j;
 296     const uint8_t *p;
 297
 298     for (i = 0, p = buffer; i < len; i += 16) {
 299         const uint8_t *s = p;
 300
 301         printf("%08" PRIx64 ":  ", offset + i);
 302         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, p++) {
 303             printf("%02x ", *p);
 304         }
 305         printf(" ");
 306         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, s++) {
 307             if (isalnum(*s)) {
 308                 printf("%c", *s);
 309             } else {
 310                 printf(".");
 311             }
 312         }
 313         printf("\n");
 314     }
 315 }
 316
 317 static void print_report(const char *op, struct timeval *t, int64_t offset,
 318                          int count, int total, int cnt, int Cflag)
 319 {
 320     char s1[64], s2[64], ts[64];
 321
 322     timestr(t, ts, sizeof(ts), Cflag ? VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME : 0);
 323     if (!Cflag) {
 324         cvtstr((double)total, s1, sizeof(s1));
 325         cvtstr(tdiv((double)total, *t), s2, sizeof(s2));
 326         printf("%s %d/%d bytes at offset %" PRId64 "\n",
 327                op, total, count, offset);
 328         printf("%s, %d ops; %s (%s/sec and %.4f ops/sec)\n",
 329                s1, cnt, ts, s2, tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
 330     } else {/* bytes,ops,time,bytes/sec,ops/sec */
 331         printf("%d,%d,%s,%.3f,%.3f\n",
 332             total, cnt, ts,
 333             tdiv((double)total, *t),
 334             tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
 335     }
 336 }
 337
 338 /*
 339  * Parse multiple length statements for vectored I/O, and construct an I/O
 340  * vector matching it.
 341  */
 342 static void *
 343 create_iovec(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUIOVector *qiov, char **argv, int nr_iov,
 344              int pattern)
 345 {
 346     size_t *sizes = g_new0(size_t, nr_iov);
 347     size_t count = 0;
 348     void *buf = NULL;
 349     void *p;
 350     int i;
 351
 352     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
 353         char *arg = argv[i];
 354         int64_t len;
 355
 356         len = cvtnum(arg);
 357         if (len < 0) {
 358             printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", arg);
 359             goto fail;
 360         }
 361
 362         /* should be SIZE_T_MAX, but that doesn't exist */
 363         if (len > INT_MAX) {
 364             printf("too large length argument -- %s\n", arg);
 365             goto fail;
 366         }
 367
 368         if (len & 0x1ff) {
 369             printf("length argument %" PRId64
 370                    " is not sector aligned\n", len);
 371             goto fail;
 372         }
 373
 374         sizes[i] = len;
 375         count += len;
 376     }
 377
 378     qemu_iovec_init(qiov, nr_iov);
 379
 380     buf = p = qemu_io_alloc(bs, count, pattern);
 381
 382     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
 383         qemu_iovec_add(qiov, p, sizes[i]);
 384         p += sizes[i];
 385     }
 386
 387 fail:
 388     g_free(sizes);
 389     return buf;
 390 }
 391
 392 static int do_read(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset, int count,
 393                    int *total)
 394 {
 395     int ret;
 396
 397     ret = bdrv_read(bs, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
 398     if (ret < 0) {
 399         return ret;
 400     }
 401     *total = count;
 402     return 1;
 403 }
 404
 405 static int do_write(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset, int count,
 406                     int *total)
 407 {
 408     int ret;
 409
 410     ret = bdrv_write(bs, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
 411     if (ret < 0) {
 412         return ret;
 413     }
 414     *total = count;
 415     return 1;
 416 }
 417
 418 static int do_pread(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset, int count,
 419                     int *total)
 420 {
 421     *total = bdrv_pread(bs, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
 422     if (*total < 0) {
 423         return *total;
 424     }
 425     return 1;
 426 }
 427
 428 static int do_pwrite(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset, int count,
 429                      int *total)
 430 {
 431     *total = bdrv_pwrite(bs, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
 432     if (*total < 0) {
 433         return *total;
 434     }
 435     return 1;
 436 }
 437
 438 typedef struct {
 439     BlockDriverState *bs;
 440     int64_t offset;
 441     int count;
 442     int *total;
 443     int ret;
 444     bool done;
 445 } CoWriteZeroes;
 446
 447 static void coroutine_fn co_write_zeroes_entry(void *opaque)
 448 {
 449     CoWriteZeroes *data = opaque;
 450
 451     data->ret = bdrv_co_write_zeroes(data->bs, data->offset / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
 452                                      data->count / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, 0);
 453     data->done = true;
 454     if (data->ret < 0) {
 455         *data->total = data->ret;
 456         return;
 457     }
 458
 459     *data->total = data->count;
 460 }
 461
 462 static int do_co_write_zeroes(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int count,
 463                               int *total)
 464 {
 465     Coroutine *co;
 466     CoWriteZeroes data = {
 467         .bs     = bs,
 468         .offset = offset,
 469         .count  = count,
 470         .total  = total,
 471         .done   = false,
 472     };
 473
 474     co = qemu_coroutine_create(co_write_zeroes_entry);
 475     qemu_coroutine_enter(co, &data);
 476     while (!data.done) {
 477         aio_poll(bdrv_get_aio_context(bs), true);
 478     }
 479     if (data.ret < 0) {
 480         return data.ret;
 481     } else {
 482         return 1;
 483     }
 484 }
 485
 486 static int do_write_compressed(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset,
 487                                int count, int *total)
 488 {
 489     int ret;
 490
 491     ret = bdrv_write_compressed(bs, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
 492     if (ret < 0) {
 493         return ret;
 494     }
 495     *total = count;
 496     return 1;
 497 }
 498
 499 static int do_load_vmstate(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset,
 500                            int count, int *total)
 501 {
 502     *total = bdrv_load_vmstate(bs, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
 503     if (*total < 0) {
 504         return *total;
 505     }
 506     return 1;
 507 }
 508
 509 static int do_save_vmstate(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset,
 510                            int count, int *total)
 511 {
 512     *total = bdrv_save_vmstate(bs, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
 513     if (*total < 0) {
 514         return *total;
 515     }
 516     return 1;
 517 }
 518
 519 #define NOT_DONE 0x7fffffff
 520 static void aio_rw_done(void *opaque, int ret)
 521 {
 522     *(int *)opaque = ret;
 523 }
 524
 525 static int do_aio_readv(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
 526                         int64_t offset, int *total)
 527 {
 528     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
 529
 530     bdrv_aio_readv(bs, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,
 531                    aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
 532     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
 533         main_loop_wait(false);
 534     }
 535
 536     *total = qiov->size;
 537     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
 538 }
 539
 540 static int do_aio_writev(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
 541                          int64_t offset, int *total)
 542 {
 543     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
 544
 545     bdrv_aio_writev(bs, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,
 546                     aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
 547     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
 548         main_loop_wait(false);
 549     }
 550
 551     *total = qiov->size;
 552     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
 553 }
 554
 555 struct multiwrite_async_ret {
 556     int num_done;
 557     int error;
 558 };
 559
 560 static void multiwrite_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
 561 {
 562     struct multiwrite_async_ret *async_ret = opaque;
 563
 564     async_ret->num_done++;
 565     if (ret < 0) {
 566         async_ret->error = ret;
 567     }
 568 }
 569
 570 static int do_aio_multiwrite(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockRequest* reqs,
 571                              int num_reqs, int *total)
 572 {
 573     int i, ret;
 574     struct multiwrite_async_ret async_ret = {
 575         .num_done = 0,
 576         .error = 0,
 577     };
 578
 579     *total = 0;
 580     for (i = 0; i < num_reqs; i++) {
 581         reqs[i].cb = multiwrite_cb;
 582         reqs[i].opaque = &async_ret;
 583         *total += reqs[i].qiov->size;
 584     }
 585
 586     ret = bdrv_aio_multiwrite(bs, reqs, num_reqs);
 587     if (ret < 0) {
 588         return ret;
 589     }
 590
 591     while (async_ret.num_done < num_reqs) {
 592         main_loop_wait(false);
 593     }
 594
 595     return async_ret.error < 0 ? async_ret.error : 1;
 596 }
 597
 598 static void read_help(void)
 599 {
 600     printf(
 601 "\n"
 602 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
 603 "\n"
 604 " Example:\n"
 605 " 'read -v 512 1k' - dumps 1 kilobyte read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
 606 "\n"
 607 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
 608 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
 609 " -b, -- read from the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
 610 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
 611 " -l, -- length for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
 612 " -p, -- use bdrv_pread to read the file\n"
 613 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
 614 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
 615 " -s, -- start offset for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
 616 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
 617 "\n");
 618 }
 619
 620 static int read_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);
 621
 622 static const cmdinfo_t read_cmd = {
 623     .name       = "read",
 624     .altname    = "r",
 625     .cfunc      = read_f,
 626     .argmin     = 2,
 627     .argmax     = -1,
 628     .args       = "[-abCpqv] [-P pattern [-s off] [-l len]] off len",
 629     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
 630     .help       = read_help,
 631 };
 632
 633 static int read_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
 634 {
 635     struct timeval t1, t2;
 636     int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;
 637     int Pflag = 0, sflag = 0, lflag = 0, bflag = 0;
 638     int c, cnt;
 639     char *buf;
 640     int64_t offset;
 641     int count;
 642     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
 643     int total = 0;
 644     int pattern = 0, pattern_offset = 0, pattern_count = 0;
 645
 646     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bCl:pP:qs:v")) != EOF) {
 647         switch (c) {
 648         case 'b':
 649             bflag = 1;
 650             break;
 651         case 'C':
 652             Cflag = 1;
 653             break;
 654         case 'l':
 655             lflag = 1;
 656             pattern_count = cvtnum(optarg);
 657             if (pattern_count < 0) {
 658                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", optarg);
 659                 return 0;
 660             }
 661             break;
 662         case 'p':
 663             pflag = 1;
 664             break;
 665         case 'P':
 666             Pflag = 1;
 667             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
 668             if (pattern < 0) {
 669                 return 0;
 670             }
 671             break;
 672         case 'q':
 673             qflag = 1;
 674             break;
 675         case 's':
 676             sflag = 1;
 677             pattern_offset = cvtnum(optarg);
 678             if (pattern_offset < 0) {
 679                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", optarg);
 680                 return 0;
 681             }
 682             break;
 683         case 'v':
 684             vflag = 1;
 685             break;
 686         default:
 687             return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
 688         }
 689     }
 690
 691     if (optind != argc - 2) {
 692         return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
 693     }
 694
 695     if (bflag && pflag) {
 696         printf("-b and -p cannot be specified at the same time\n");
 697         return 0;
 698     }
 699
 700     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
 701     if (offset < 0) {
 702         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
 703         return 0;
 704     }
 705
 706     optind++;
 707     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
 708     if (count < 0) {
 709         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
 710         return 0;
 711     }
 712
 713     if (!Pflag && (lflag || sflag)) {
 714         return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
 715     }
 716
 717     if (!lflag) {
 718         pattern_count = count - pattern_offset;
 719     }
 720
 721     if ((pattern_count < 0) || (pattern_count + pattern_offset > count))  {
 722         printf("pattern verification range exceeds end of read data\n");
 723         return 0;
 724     }
 725
 726     if (!pflag) {
 727         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
 728             printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
 729                    offset);
 730             return 0;
 731         }
 732         if (count & 0x1ff) {
 733             printf("count %d is not sector aligned\n",
 734                    count);
 735             return 0;
 736         }
 737     }
 738
 739     buf = qemu_io_alloc(bs, count, 0xab);
 740
 741     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
 742     if (pflag) {
 743         cnt = do_pread(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);
 744     } else if (bflag) {
 745         cnt = do_load_vmstate(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);
 746     } else {
 747         cnt = do_read(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);
 748     }
 749     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
 750
 751     if (cnt < 0) {
 752         printf("read failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
 753         goto out;
 754     }
 755
 756     if (Pflag) {
 757         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(pattern_count);
 758         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, pattern_count);
 759         if (memcmp(buf + pattern_offset, cmp_buf, pattern_count)) {
 760             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
 761                    PRId64 ", %d bytes\n",
 762                    offset + pattern_offset, pattern_count);
 763         }
 764         g_free(cmp_buf);
 765     }
 766
 767     if (qflag) {
 768         goto out;
 769     }
 770
 771     if (vflag) {
 772         dump_buffer(buf, offset, count);
 773     }
 774
 775     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
 776     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
 777     print_report("read", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
 778
 779 out:
 780     qemu_io_free(buf);
 781
 782     return 0;
 783 }
 784
 785 static void readv_help(void)
 786 {
 787     printf(
 788 "\n"
 789 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset into multiple buffers\n"
 790 "\n"
 791 " Example:\n"
 792 " 'readv -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
 793 "\n"
 794 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
 795 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
 796 " Uses multiple iovec buffers if more than one byte range is specified.\n"
 797 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
 798 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
 799 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
 800 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
 801 "\n");
 802 }
 803
 804 static int readv_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);
 805
 806 static const cmdinfo_t readv_cmd = {
 807     .name       = "readv",
 808     .cfunc      = readv_f,
 809     .argmin     = 2,
 810     .argmax     = -1,
 811     .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
 812     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
 813     .help       = readv_help,
 814 };
 815
 816 static int readv_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
 817 {
 818     struct timeval t1, t2;
 819     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;
 820     int c, cnt;
 821     char *buf;
 822     int64_t offset;
 823     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
 824     int total = 0;
 825     int nr_iov;
 826     QEMUIOVector qiov;
 827     int pattern = 0;
 828     int Pflag = 0;
 829
 830     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != EOF) {
 831         switch (c) {
 832         case 'C':
 833             Cflag = 1;
 834             break;
 835         case 'P':
 836             Pflag = 1;
 837             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
 838             if (pattern < 0) {
 839                 return 0;
 840             }
 841             break;
 842         case 'q':
 843             qflag = 1;
 844             break;
 845         case 'v':
 846             vflag = 1;
 847             break;
 848         default:
 849             return qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
 850         }
 851     }
 852
 853     if (optind > argc - 2) {
 854         return qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
 855     }
 856
 857
 858     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
 859     if (offset < 0) {
 860         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
 861         return 0;
 862     }
 863     optind++;
 864
 865     if (offset & 0x1ff) {
 866         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
 867                offset);
 868         return 0;
 869     }
 870
 871     nr_iov = argc - optind;
 872     buf = create_iovec(bs, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
 873     if (buf == NULL) {
 874         return 0;
 875     }
 876
 877     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
 878     cnt = do_aio_readv(bs, &qiov, offset, &total);
 879     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
 880
 881     if (cnt < 0) {
 882         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
 883         goto out;
 884     }
 885
 886     if (Pflag) {
 887         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(qiov.size);
 888         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, qiov.size);
 889         if (memcmp(buf, cmp_buf, qiov.size)) {
 890             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
 891                    PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", offset, qiov.size);
 892         }
 893         g_free(cmp_buf);
 894     }
 895
 896     if (qflag) {
 897         goto out;
 898     }
 899
 900     if (vflag) {
 901         dump_buffer(buf, offset, qiov.size);
 902     }
 903
 904     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
 905     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
 906     print_report("read", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
 907
 908 out:
 909     qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
 910     qemu_io_free(buf);
 911     return 0;
 912 }
 913
 914 static void write_help(void)
 915 {
 916     printf(
 917 "\n"
 918 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
 919 "\n"
 920 " Example:\n"
 921 " 'write 512 1k' - writes 1 kilobyte at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
 922 "\n"
 923 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
 924 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
 925 " -b, -- write to the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
 926 " -c, -- write compressed data with bdrv_write_compressed\n"
 927 " -p, -- use bdrv_pwrite to write the file\n"
 928 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
 929 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
 930 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
 931 " -z, -- write zeroes using bdrv_co_write_zeroes\n"
 932 "\n");
 933 }
 934
 935 static int write_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);
 936
 937 static const cmdinfo_t write_cmd = {
 938     .name       = "write",
 939     .altname    = "w",
 940     .cfunc      = write_f,
 941     .argmin     = 2,
 942     .argmax     = -1,
 943     .args       = "[-bcCpqz] [-P pattern ] off len",
 944     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
 945     .help       = write_help,
 946 };
 947
 948 static int write_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
 949 {
 950     struct timeval t1, t2;
 951     int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, bflag = 0, Pflag = 0, zflag = 0;
 952     int cflag = 0;
 953     int c, cnt;
 954     char *buf = NULL;
 955     int64_t offset;
 956     int count;
 957     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
 958     int total = 0;
 959     int pattern = 0xcd;
 960
 961     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bcCpP:qz")) != EOF) {
 962         switch (c) {
 963         case 'b':
 964             bflag = 1;
 965             break;
 966         case 'c':
 967             cflag = 1;
 968             break;
 969         case 'C':
 970             Cflag = 1;
 971             break;
 972         case 'p':
 973             pflag = 1;
 974             break;
 975         case 'P':
 976             Pflag = 1;
 977             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
 978             if (pattern < 0) {
 979                 return 0;
 980             }
 981             break;
 982         case 'q':
 983             qflag = 1;
 984             break;
 985         case 'z':
 986             zflag = 1;
 987             break;
 988         default:
 989             return qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
 990         }
 991     }
 992
 993     if (optind != argc - 2) {
 994         return qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
 995     }
 996
 997     if (bflag + pflag + zflag > 1) {
 998         printf("-b, -p, or -z cannot be specified at the same time\n");
 999         return 0;
1000     }
1001
1002     if (zflag && Pflag) {
1003         printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1004         return 0;
1005     }
1006
1007     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1008     if (offset < 0) {
1009         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1010         return 0;
1011     }
1012
1013     optind++;
1014     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1015     if (count < 0) {
1016         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1017         return 0;
1018     }
1019
1020     if (!pflag) {
1021         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1022             printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1023                    offset);
1024             return 0;
1025         }
1026
1027         if (count & 0x1ff) {
1028             printf("count %d is not sector aligned\n",
1029                    count);
1030             return 0;
1031         }
1032     }
1033
1034     if (!zflag) {
1035         buf = qemu_io_alloc(bs, count, pattern);
1036     }
1037
1038     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1039     if (pflag) {
1040         cnt = do_pwrite(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);
1041     } else if (bflag) {
1042         cnt = do_save_vmstate(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);
1043     } else if (zflag) {
1044         cnt = do_co_write_zeroes(bs, offset, count, &total);
1045     } else if (cflag) {
1046         cnt = do_write_compressed(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);
1047     } else {
1048         cnt = do_write(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);
1049     }
1050     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1051
1052     if (cnt < 0) {
1053         printf("write failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
1054         goto out;
1055     }
1056
1057     if (qflag) {
1058         goto out;
1059     }
1060
1061     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1062     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1063     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
1064
1065 out:
1066     if (!zflag) {
1067         qemu_io_free(buf);
1068     }
1069
1070     return 0;
1071 }
1072
1073 static void
1074 writev_help(void)
1075 {
1076     printf(
1077 "\n"
1078 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers\n"
1079 "\n"
1080 " Example:\n"
1081 " 'writev 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1082 "\n"
1083 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1084 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1085 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1086 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1087 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1088 "\n");
1089 }
1090
1091 static int writev_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);
1092
1093 static const cmdinfo_t writev_cmd = {
1094     .name       = "writev",
1095     .cfunc      = writev_f,
1096     .argmin     = 2,
1097     .argmax     = -1,
1098     .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
1099     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1100     .help       = writev_help,
1101 };
1102
1103 static int writev_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1104 {
1105     struct timeval t1, t2;
1106     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
1107     int c, cnt;
1108     char *buf;
1109     int64_t offset;
1110     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
1111     int total = 0;
1112     int nr_iov;
1113     int pattern = 0xcd;
1114     QEMUIOVector qiov;
1115
1116     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
1117         switch (c) {
1118         case 'C':
1119             Cflag = 1;
1120             break;
1121         case 'q':
1122             qflag = 1;
1123             break;
1124         case 'P':
1125             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1126             if (pattern < 0) {
1127                 return 0;
1128             }
1129             break;
1130         default:
1131             return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1132         }
1133     }
1134
1135     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1136         return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1137     }
1138
1139     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1140     if (offset < 0) {
1141         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1142         return 0;
1143     }
1144     optind++;
1145
1146     if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1147         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1148                offset);
1149         return 0;
1150     }
1151
1152     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1153     buf = create_iovec(bs, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1154     if (buf == NULL) {
1155         return 0;
1156     }
1157
1158     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1159     cnt = do_aio_writev(bs, &qiov, offset, &total);
1160     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1161
1162     if (cnt < 0) {
1163         printf("writev failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
1164         goto out;
1165     }
1166
1167     if (qflag) {
1168         goto out;
1169     }
1170
1171     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1172     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1173     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
1174 out:
1175     qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
1176     qemu_io_free(buf);
1177     return 0;
1178 }
1179
1180 static void multiwrite_help(void)
1181 {
1182     printf(
1183 "\n"
1184 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers,\n"
1185 " in a batch of requests that may be merged by qemu\n"
1186 "\n"
1187 " Example:\n"
1188 " 'multiwrite 512 1k 1k ; 4k 1k'\n"
1189 "  writes 2 kB at 512 bytes and 1 kB at 4 kB into the open file\n"
1190 "\n"
1191 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1192 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd). The pattern byte is increased\n"
1193 " by one for each request contained in the multiwrite command.\n"
1194 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1195 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1196 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1197 "\n");
1198 }
1199
1200 static int multiwrite_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);
1201
1202 static const cmdinfo_t multiwrite_cmd = {
1203     .name       = "multiwrite",
1204     .cfunc      = multiwrite_f,
1205     .argmin     = 2,
1206     .argmax     = -1,
1207     .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..] [; off len [len..]..]",
1208     .oneline    = "issues multiple write requests at once",
1209     .help       = multiwrite_help,
1210 };
1211
1212 static int multiwrite_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1213 {
1214     struct timeval t1, t2;
1215     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
1216     int c, cnt;
1217     char **buf;
1218     int64_t offset, first_offset = 0;
1219     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
1220     int total = 0;
1221     int nr_iov;
1222     int nr_reqs;
1223     int pattern = 0xcd;
1224     QEMUIOVector *qiovs;
1225     int i;
1226     BlockRequest *reqs;
1227
1228     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
1229         switch (c) {
1230         case 'C':
1231             Cflag = 1;
1232             break;
1233         case 'q':
1234             qflag = 1;
1235             break;
1236         case 'P':
1237             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1238             if (pattern < 0) {
1239                 return 0;
1240             }
1241             break;
1242         default:
1243             return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1244         }
1245     }
1246
1247     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1248         return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1249     }
1250
1251     nr_reqs = 1;
1252     for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
1253         if (!strcmp(argv[i], ";")) {
1254             nr_reqs++;
1255         }
1256     }
1257
1258     reqs = g_new0(BlockRequest, nr_reqs);
1259     buf = g_new0(char *, nr_reqs);
1260     qiovs = g_new(QEMUIOVector, nr_reqs);
1261
1262     for (i = 0; i < nr_reqs && optind < argc; i++) {
1263         int j;
1264
1265         /* Read the offset of the request */
1266         offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1267         if (offset < 0) {
1268             printf("non-numeric offset argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1269             goto out;
1270         }
1271         optind++;
1272
1273         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1274             printf("offset %lld is not sector aligned\n",
1275                    (long long)offset);
1276             goto out;
1277         }
1278
1279         if (i == 0) {
1280             first_offset = offset;
1281         }
1282
1283         /* Read lengths for qiov entries */
1284         for (j = optind; j < argc; j++) {
1285             if (!strcmp(argv[j], ";")) {
1286                 break;
1287             }
1288         }
1289
1290         nr_iov = j - optind;
1291
1292         /* Build request */
1293         buf[i] = create_iovec(bs, &qiovs[i], &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1294         if (buf[i] == NULL) {
1295             goto out;
1296         }
1297
1298         reqs[i].qiov = &qiovs[i];
1299         reqs[i].sector = offset >> 9;
1300         reqs[i].nb_sectors = reqs[i].qiov->size >> 9;
1301
1302         optind = j + 1;
1303
1304         pattern++;
1305     }
1306
1307     /* If there were empty requests at the end, ignore them */
1308     nr_reqs = i;
1309
1310     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1311     cnt = do_aio_multiwrite(bs, reqs, nr_reqs, &total);
1312     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1313
1314     if (cnt < 0) {
1315         printf("aio_multiwrite failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
1316         goto out;
1317     }
1318
1319     if (qflag) {
1320         goto out;
1321     }
1322
1323     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1324     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1325     print_report("wrote", &t2, first_offset, total, total, cnt, Cflag);
1326 out:
1327     for (i = 0; i < nr_reqs; i++) {
1328         qemu_io_free(buf[i]);
1329         if (reqs[i].qiov != NULL) {
1330             qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiovs[i]);
1331         }
1332     }
1333     g_free(buf);
1334     g_free(reqs);
1335     g_free(qiovs);
1336     return 0;
1337 }
1338
1339 struct aio_ctx {
1340     QEMUIOVector qiov;
1341     int64_t offset;
1342     char *buf;
1343     int qflag;
1344     int vflag;
1345     int Cflag;
1346     int Pflag;
1347     int pattern;
1348     struct timeval t1;
1349 };
1350
1351 static void aio_write_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1352 {
1353     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1354     struct timeval t2;
1355
1356     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1357
1358
1359     if (ret < 0) {
1360         printf("aio_write failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1361         goto out;
1362     }
1363
1364     if (ctx->qflag) {
1365         goto out;
1366     }
1367
1368     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1369     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1370     print_report("wrote", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1371                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1372 out:
1373     qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1374     qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1375     g_free(ctx);
1376 }
1377
1378 static void aio_read_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1379 {
1380     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1381     struct timeval t2;
1382
1383     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1384
1385     if (ret < 0) {
1386         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1387         goto out;
1388     }
1389
1390     if (ctx->Pflag) {
1391         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(ctx->qiov.size);
1392
1393         memset(cmp_buf, ctx->pattern, ctx->qiov.size);
1394         if (memcmp(ctx->buf, cmp_buf, ctx->qiov.size)) {
1395             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
1396                    PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1397         }
1398         g_free(cmp_buf);
1399     }
1400
1401     if (ctx->qflag) {
1402         goto out;
1403     }
1404
1405     if (ctx->vflag) {
1406         dump_buffer(ctx->buf, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1407     }
1408
1409     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1410     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1411     print_report("read", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1412                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1413 out:
1414     qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1415     qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1416     g_free(ctx);
1417 }
1418
1419 static void aio_read_help(void)
1420 {
1421     printf(
1422 "\n"
1423 " asynchronously reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1424 "\n"
1425 " Example:\n"
1426 " 'aio_read -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1427 "\n"
1428 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
1429 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
1430 " The read is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1431 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1432 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1433 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
1434 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
1435 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1436 "\n");
1437 }
1438
1439 static int aio_read_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);
1440
1441 static const cmdinfo_t aio_read_cmd = {
1442     .name       = "aio_read",
1443     .cfunc      = aio_read_f,
1444     .argmin     = 2,
1445     .argmax     = -1,
1446     .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
1447     .oneline    = "asynchronously reads a number of bytes",
1448     .help       = aio_read_help,
1449 };
1450
1451 static int aio_read_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1452 {
1453     int nr_iov, c;
1454     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1455
1456     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != EOF) {
1457         switch (c) {
1458         case 'C':
1459             ctx->Cflag = 1;
1460             break;
1461         case 'P':
1462             ctx->Pflag = 1;
1463             ctx->pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1464             if (ctx->pattern < 0) {
1465                 g_free(ctx);
1466                 return 0;
1467             }
1468             break;
1469         case 'q':
1470             ctx->qflag = 1;
1471             break;
1472         case 'v':
1473             ctx->vflag = 1;
1474             break;
1475         default:
1476             g_free(ctx);
1477             return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1478         }
1479     }
1480
1481     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1482         g_free(ctx);
1483         return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1484     }
1485
1486     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1487     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1488         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1489         g_free(ctx);
1490         return 0;
1491     }
1492     optind++;
1493
1494     if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {
1495         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1496                ctx->offset);
1497         g_free(ctx);
1498         return 0;
1499     }
1500
1501     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1502     ctx->buf = create_iovec(bs, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
1503     if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1504         g_free(ctx);
1505         return 0;
1506     }
1507
1508     gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
1509     bdrv_aio_readv(bs, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,
1510                    ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_read_done, ctx);
1511     return 0;
1512 }
1513
1514 static void aio_write_help(void)
1515 {
1516     printf(
1517 "\n"
1518 " asynchronously writes a range of bytes from the given offset source\n"
1519 " from multiple buffers\n"
1520 "\n"
1521 " Example:\n"
1522 " 'aio_write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1523 "\n"
1524 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1525 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1526 " The write is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1527 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1528 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1529 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1530 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1531 "\n");
1532 }
1533
1534 static int aio_write_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);
1535
1536 static const cmdinfo_t aio_write_cmd = {
1537     .name       = "aio_write",
1538     .cfunc      = aio_write_f,
1539     .argmin     = 2,
1540     .argmax     = -1,
1541     .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
1542     .oneline    = "asynchronously writes a number of bytes",
1543     .help       = aio_write_help,
1544 };
1545
1546 static int aio_write_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1547 {
1548     int nr_iov, c;
1549     int pattern = 0xcd;
1550     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1551
1552     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
1553         switch (c) {
1554         case 'C':
1555             ctx->Cflag = 1;
1556             break;
1557         case 'q':
1558             ctx->qflag = 1;
1559             break;
1560         case 'P':
1561             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1562             if (pattern < 0) {
1563                 g_free(ctx);
1564                 return 0;
1565             }
1566             break;
1567         default:
1568             g_free(ctx);
1569             return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1570         }
1571     }
1572
1573     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1574         g_free(ctx);
1575         return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1576     }
1577
1578     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1579     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1580         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1581         g_free(ctx);
1582         return 0;
1583     }
1584     optind++;
1585
1586     if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {
1587         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1588                ctx->offset);
1589         g_free(ctx);
1590         return 0;
1591     }
1592
1593     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1594     ctx->buf = create_iovec(bs, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1595     if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1596         g_free(ctx);
1597         return 0;
1598     }
1599
1600     gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
1601     bdrv_aio_writev(bs, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,
1602                     ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_write_done, ctx);
1603     return 0;
1604 }
1605
1606 static int aio_flush_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1607 {
1608     bdrv_drain_all();
1609     return 0;
1610 }
1611
1612 static const cmdinfo_t aio_flush_cmd = {
1613     .name       = "aio_flush",
1614     .cfunc      = aio_flush_f,
1615     .oneline    = "completes all outstanding aio requests"
1616 };
1617
1618 static int flush_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1619 {
1620     bdrv_flush(bs);
1621     return 0;
1622 }
1623
1624 static const cmdinfo_t flush_cmd = {
1625     .name       = "flush",
1626     .altname    = "f",
1627     .cfunc      = flush_f,
1628     .oneline    = "flush all in-core file state to disk",
1629 };
1630
1631 static int truncate_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1632 {
1633     int64_t offset;
1634     int ret;
1635
1636     offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1637     if (offset < 0) {
1638         printf("non-numeric truncate argument -- %s\n", argv[1]);
1639         return 0;
1640     }
1641
1642     ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, offset);
1643     if (ret < 0) {
1644         printf("truncate: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1645         return 0;
1646     }
1647
1648     return 0;
1649 }
1650
1651 static const cmdinfo_t truncate_cmd = {
1652     .name       = "truncate",
1653     .altname    = "t",
1654     .cfunc      = truncate_f,
1655     .argmin     = 1,
1656     .argmax     = 1,
1657     .args       = "off",
1658     .oneline    = "truncates the current file at the given offset",
1659 };
1660
1661 static int length_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1662 {
1663     int64_t size;
1664     char s1[64];
1665
1666     size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
1667     if (size < 0) {
1668         printf("getlength: %s\n", strerror(-size));
1669         return 0;
1670     }
1671
1672     cvtstr(size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1673     printf("%s\n", s1);
1674     return 0;
1675 }
1676
1677
1678 static const cmdinfo_t length_cmd = {
1679     .name   = "length",
1680     .altname    = "l",
1681     .cfunc      = length_f,
1682     .oneline    = "gets the length of the current file",
1683 };
1684
1685
1686 static int info_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1687 {
1688     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1689     ImageInfoSpecific *spec_info;
1690     char s1[64], s2[64];
1691     int ret;
1692
1693     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->format_name) {
1694         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->format_name);
1695     }
1696     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->protocol_name) {
1697         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->protocol_name);
1698     }
1699
1700     ret = bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi);
1701     if (ret) {
1702         return 0;
1703     }
1704
1705     cvtstr(bdi.cluster_size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1706     cvtstr(bdi.vm_state_offset, s2, sizeof(s2));
1707
1708     printf("cluster size: %s\n", s1);
1709     printf("vm state offset: %s\n", s2);
1710
1711     spec_info = bdrv_get_specific_info(bs);
1712     if (spec_info) {
1713         printf("Format specific information:\n");
1714         bdrv_image_info_specific_dump(fprintf, stdout, spec_info);
1715         qapi_free_ImageInfoSpecific(spec_info);
1716     }
1717
1718     return 0;
1719 }
1720
1721
1722
1723 static const cmdinfo_t info_cmd = {
1724     .name       = "info",
1725     .altname    = "i",
1726     .cfunc      = info_f,
1727     .oneline    = "prints information about the current file",
1728 };
1729
1730 static void discard_help(void)
1731 {
1732     printf(
1733 "\n"
1734 " discards a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1735 "\n"
1736 " Example:\n"
1737 " 'discard 512 1k' - discards 1 kilobyte from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1738 "\n"
1739 " Discards a segment of the currently open file.\n"
1740 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1741 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1742 "\n");
1743 }
1744
1745 static int discard_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);
1746
1747 static const cmdinfo_t discard_cmd = {
1748     .name       = "discard",
1749     .altname    = "d",
1750     .cfunc      = discard_f,
1751     .argmin     = 2,
1752     .argmax     = -1,
1753     .args       = "[-Cq] off len",
1754     .oneline    = "discards a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1755     .help       = discard_help,
1756 };
1757
1758 static int discard_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1759 {
1760     struct timeval t1, t2;
1761     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
1762     int c, ret;
1763     int64_t offset;
1764     int count;
1765
1766     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != EOF) {
1767         switch (c) {
1768         case 'C':
1769             Cflag = 1;
1770             break;
1771         case 'q':
1772             qflag = 1;
1773             break;
1774         default:
1775             return qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1776         }
1777     }
1778
1779     if (optind != argc - 2) {
1780         return qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1781     }
1782
1783     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1784     if (offset < 0) {
1785         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1786         return 0;
1787     }
1788
1789     optind++;
1790     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1791     if (count < 0) {
1792         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1793         return 0;
1794     }
1795
1796     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1797     ret = bdrv_discard(bs, offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1798                        count >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1799     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1800
1801     if (ret < 0) {
1802         printf("discard failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1803         goto out;
1804     }
1805
1806     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1807     if (!qflag) {
1808         t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1809         print_report("discard", &t2, offset, count, count, 1, Cflag);
1810     }
1811
1812 out:
1813     return 0;
1814 }
1815
1816 static int alloc_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1817 {
1818     int64_t offset, sector_num;
1819     int nb_sectors, remaining;
1820     char s1[64];
1821     int num, sum_alloc;
1822     int ret;
1823
1824     offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1825     if (offset < 0) {
1826         printf("non-numeric offset argument -- %s\n", argv[1]);
1827         return 0;
1828     } else if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1829         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1830                offset);
1831         return 0;
1832     }
1833
1834     if (argc == 3) {
1835         nb_sectors = cvtnum(argv[2]);
1836         if (nb_sectors < 0) {
1837             printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[2]);
1838             return 0;
1839         }
1840     } else {
1841         nb_sectors = 1;
1842     }
1843
1844     remaining = nb_sectors;
1845     sum_alloc = 0;
1846     sector_num = offset >> 9;
1847     while (remaining) {
1848         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, remaining, &num);
1849         if (ret < 0) {
1850             printf("is_allocated failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1851             return 0;
1852         }
1853         sector_num += num;
1854         remaining -= num;
1855         if (ret) {
1856             sum_alloc += num;
1857         }
1858         if (num == 0) {
1859             nb_sectors -= remaining;
1860             remaining = 0;
1861         }
1862     }
1863
1864     cvtstr(offset, s1, sizeof(s1));
1865
1866     printf("%d/%d sectors allocated at offset %s\n",
1867            sum_alloc, nb_sectors, s1);
1868     return 0;
1869 }
1870
1871 static const cmdinfo_t alloc_cmd = {
1872     .name       = "alloc",
1873     .altname    = "a",
1874     .argmin     = 1,
1875     .argmax     = 2,
1876     .cfunc      = alloc_f,
1877     .args       = "off [sectors]",
1878     .oneline    = "checks if a sector is present in the file",
1879 };
1880
1881
1882 static int map_is_allocated(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
1883                             int64_t nb_sectors, int64_t *pnum)
1884 {
1885     int num, num_checked;
1886     int ret, firstret;
1887
1888     num_checked = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX);
1889     ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, num_checked, &num);
1890     if (ret < 0) {
1891         return ret;
1892     }
1893
1894     firstret = ret;
1895     *pnum = num;
1896
1897     while (nb_sectors > 0 && ret == firstret) {
1898         sector_num += num;
1899         nb_sectors -= num;
1900
1901         num_checked = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX);
1902         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, num_checked, &num);
1903         if (ret == firstret && num) {
1904             *pnum += num;
1905         } else {
1906             break;
1907         }
1908     }
1909
1910     return firstret;
1911 }
1912
1913 static int map_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1914 {
1915     int64_t offset;
1916     int64_t nb_sectors;
1917     char s1[64];
1918     int64_t num;
1919     int ret;
1920     const char *retstr;
1921
1922     offset = 0;
1923     nb_sectors = bs->total_sectors;
1924
1925     do {
1926         ret = map_is_allocated(bs, offset, nb_sectors, &num);
1927         if (ret < 0) {
1928             error_report("Failed to get allocation status: %s", strerror(-ret));
1929             return 0;
1930         } else if (!num) {
1931             error_report("Unexpected end of image");
1932             return 0;
1933         }
1934
1935         retstr = ret ? "    allocated" : "not allocated";
1936         cvtstr(offset << 9ULL, s1, sizeof(s1));
1937         printf("[% 24" PRId64 "] % 8" PRId64 "/% 8" PRId64 " sectors %s "
1938                "at offset %s (%d)\n",
1939                offset << 9ULL, num, nb_sectors, retstr, s1, ret);
1940
1941         offset += num;
1942         nb_sectors -= num;
1943     } while (offset < bs->total_sectors);
1944
1945     return 0;
1946 }
1947
1948 static const cmdinfo_t map_cmd = {
1949        .name           = "map",
1950        .argmin         = 0,
1951        .argmax         = 0,
1952        .cfunc          = map_f,
1953        .args           = "",
1954        .oneline        = "prints the allocated areas of a file",
1955 };
1956
1957 static int break_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1958 {
1959     int ret;
1960
1961     ret = bdrv_debug_breakpoint(bs, argv[1], argv[2]);
1962     if (ret < 0) {
1963         printf("Could not set breakpoint: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1964     }
1965
1966     return 0;
1967 }
1968
1969 static int remove_break_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
1970 {
1971     int ret;
1972
1973     ret = bdrv_debug_remove_breakpoint(bs, argv[1]);
1974     if (ret < 0) {
1975         printf("Could not remove breakpoint %s: %s\n", argv[1], strerror(-ret));
1976     }
1977
1978     return 0;
1979 }
1980
1981 static const cmdinfo_t break_cmd = {
1982        .name           = "break",
1983        .argmin         = 2,
1984        .argmax         = 2,
1985        .cfunc          = break_f,
1986        .args           = "event tag",
1987        .oneline        = "sets a breakpoint on event and tags the stopped "
1988                          "request as tag",
1989 };
1990
1991 static const cmdinfo_t remove_break_cmd = {
1992        .name           = "remove_break",
1993        .argmin         = 1,
1994        .argmax         = 1,
1995        .cfunc          = remove_break_f,
1996        .args           = "tag",
1997        .oneline        = "remove a breakpoint by tag",
1998 };
1999
2000 static int resume_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
2001 {
2002     int ret;
2003
2004     ret = bdrv_debug_resume(bs, argv[1]);
2005     if (ret < 0) {
2006         printf("Could not resume request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
2007     }
2008
2009     return 0;
2010 }
2011
2012 static const cmdinfo_t resume_cmd = {
2013        .name           = "resume",
2014        .argmin         = 1,
2015        .argmax         = 1,
2016        .cfunc          = resume_f,
2017        .args           = "tag",
2018        .oneline        = "resumes the request tagged as tag",
2019 };
2020
2021 static int wait_break_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
2022 {
2023     while (!bdrv_debug_is_suspended(bs, argv[1])) {
2024         aio_poll(bdrv_get_aio_context(bs), true);
2025     }
2026
2027     return 0;
2028 }
2029
2030 static const cmdinfo_t wait_break_cmd = {
2031        .name           = "wait_break",
2032        .argmin         = 1,
2033        .argmax         = 1,
2034        .cfunc          = wait_break_f,
2035        .args           = "tag",
2036        .oneline        = "waits for the suspension of a request",
2037 };
2038
2039 static int abort_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
2040 {
2041     abort();
2042 }
2043
2044 static const cmdinfo_t abort_cmd = {
2045        .name           = "abort",
2046        .cfunc          = abort_f,
2047        .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2048        .oneline        = "simulate a program crash using abort(3)",
2049 };
2050
2051 static void sigraise_help(void)
2052 {
2053     printf(
2054 "\n"
2055 " raises the given signal\n"
2056 "\n"
2057 " Example:\n"
2058 " 'sigraise %i' - raises SIGTERM\n"
2059 "\n"
2060 " Invokes raise(signal), where \"signal\" is the mandatory integer argument\n"
2061 " given to sigraise.\n"
2062 "\n", SIGTERM);
2063 }
2064
2065 static int sigraise_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);
2066
2067 static const cmdinfo_t sigraise_cmd = {
2068     .name       = "sigraise",
2069     .cfunc      = sigraise_f,
2070     .argmin     = 1,
2071     .argmax     = 1,
2072     .flags      = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2073     .args       = "signal",
2074     .oneline    = "raises a signal",
2075     .help       = sigraise_help,
2076 };
2077
2078 static int sigraise_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
2079 {
2080     int sig = cvtnum(argv[1]);
2081     if (sig < 0) {
2082         printf("non-numeric signal number argument -- %s\n", argv[1]);
2083         return 0;
2084     }
2085
2086     /* Using raise() to kill this process does not necessarily flush all open
2087      * streams. At least stdout and stderr (although the latter should be
2088      * non-buffered anyway) should be flushed, though. */
2089     fflush(stdout);
2090     fflush(stderr);
2091
2092     raise(sig);
2093     return 0;
2094 }
2095
2096 static void sleep_cb(void *opaque)
2097 {
2098     bool *expired = opaque;
2099     *expired = true;
2100 }
2101
2102 static int sleep_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
2103 {
2104     char *endptr;
2105     long ms;
2106     struct QEMUTimer *timer;
2107     bool expired = false;
2108
2109     ms = strtol(argv[1], &endptr, 0);
2110     if (ms < 0 || *endptr != '\0') {
2111         printf("%s is not a valid number\n", argv[1]);
2112         return 0;
2113     }
2114
2115     timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST, sleep_cb, &expired);
2116     timer_mod(timer, qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST) + SCALE_MS * ms);
2117
2118     while (!expired) {
2119         main_loop_wait(false);
2120     }
2121
2122     timer_free(timer);
2123
2124     return 0;
2125 }
2126
2127 static const cmdinfo_t sleep_cmd = {
2128        .name           = "sleep",
2129        .argmin         = 1,
2130        .argmax         = 1,
2131        .cfunc          = sleep_f,
2132        .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2133        .oneline        = "waits for the given value in milliseconds",
2134 };
2135
2136 static void help_oneline(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
2137 {
2138     if (cmd) {
2139         printf("%s ", cmd);
2140     } else {
2141         printf("%s ", ct->name);
2142         if (ct->altname) {
2143             printf("(or %s) ", ct->altname);
2144         }
2145     }
2146
2147     if (ct->args) {
2148         printf("%s ", ct->args);
2149     }
2150     printf("-- %s\n", ct->oneline);
2151 }
2152
2153 static void help_onecmd(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
2154 {
2155     help_oneline(cmd, ct);
2156     if (ct->help) {
2157         ct->help();
2158     }
2159 }
2160
2161 static void help_all(void)
2162 {
2163     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2164
2165     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
2166         help_oneline(ct->name, ct);
2167     }
2168     printf("\nUse 'help commandname' for extended help.\n");
2169 }
2170
2171 static int help_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)
2172 {
2173     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2174
2175     if (argc == 1) {
2176         help_all();
2177         return 0;
2178     }
2179
2180     ct = find_command(argv[1]);
2181     if (ct == NULL) {
2182         printf("command %s not found\n", argv[1]);
2183         return 0;
2184     }
2185
2186     help_onecmd(argv[1], ct);
2187     return 0;
2188 }
2189
2190 static const cmdinfo_t help_cmd = {
2191     .name       = "help",
2192     .altname    = "?",
2193     .cfunc      = help_f,
2194     .argmin     = 0,
2195     .argmax     = 1,
2196     .flags      = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL,
2197     .args       = "[command]",
2198     .oneline    = "help for one or all commands",
2199 };
2200
2201 bool qemuio_command(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *cmd)
2202 {
2203     char *input;
2204     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2205     char **v;
2206     int c;
2207     bool done = false;
2208
2209     input = g_strdup(cmd);
2210     v = breakline(input, &c);
2211     if (c) {
2212         ct = find_command(v[0]);
2213         if (ct) {
2214             done = command(bs, ct, c, v);
2215         } else {
2216             fprintf(stderr, "command \"%s\" not found\n", v[0]);
2217         }
2218     }
2219     g_free(input);
2220     g_free(v);
2221
2222     return done;
2223 }
2224
2225 static void __attribute((constructor)) init_qemuio_commands(void)
2226 {
2227     /* initialize commands */
2228     qemuio_add_command(&help_cmd);
2229     qemuio_add_command(&read_cmd);
2230     qemuio_add_command(&readv_cmd);
2231     qemuio_add_command(&write_cmd);
2232     qemuio_add_command(&writev_cmd);
2233     qemuio_add_command(&multiwrite_cmd);
2234     qemuio_add_command(&aio_read_cmd);
2235     qemuio_add_command(&aio_write_cmd);
2236     qemuio_add_command(&aio_flush_cmd);
2237     qemuio_add_command(&flush_cmd);
2238     qemuio_add_command(&truncate_cmd);
2239     qemuio_add_command(&length_cmd);
2240     qemuio_add_command(&info_cmd);
2241     qemuio_add_command(&discard_cmd);
2242     qemuio_add_command(&alloc_cmd);
2243     qemuio_add_command(&map_cmd);
2244     qemuio_add_command(&break_cmd);
2245     qemuio_add_command(&remove_break_cmd);
2246     qemuio_add_command(&resume_cmd);
2247     qemuio_add_command(&wait_break_cmd);
2248     qemuio_add_command(&abort_cmd);
2249     qemuio_add_command(&sleep_cmd);
2250     qemuio_add_command(&sigraise_cmd);
2251 }