qemu-io-cmds.c

   1 /*
   2  * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
   5  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
   6  *
   7  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
   8  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
   9  */
  10
  11 #include "qemu-io.h"
  12 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
  13 #include "block/block.h"
  14 #include "block/block_int.h" /* for info_f() */
  15 #include "block/qapi.h"
  16 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
  17 #include "qemu/timer.h"
  18 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
  19
  20 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01
  21
  22 bool qemuio_misalign;
  23
  24 static cmdinfo_t *cmdtab;
  25 static int ncmds;
  26
  27 static int compare_cmdname(const void *a, const void *b)
  28 {
  29     return strcmp(((const cmdinfo_t *)a)->name,
  30                   ((const cmdinfo_t *)b)->name);
  31 }
  32
  33 void qemuio_add_command(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
  34 {
  35     cmdtab = g_renew(cmdinfo_t, cmdtab, ++ncmds);
  36     cmdtab[ncmds - 1] = *ci;
  37     qsort(cmdtab, ncmds, sizeof(*cmdtab), compare_cmdname);
  38 }
  39
  40 int qemuio_command_usage(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
  41 {
  42     printf("%s %s -- %s\n", ci->name, ci->args, ci->oneline);
  43     return 0;
  44 }
  45
  46 static int init_check_command(BlockBackend *blk, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
  47 {
  48     if (ct->flags & CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL) {
  49         return 1;
  50     }
  51     if (!(ct->flags & CMD_NOFILE_OK) && !blk) {
  52         fprintf(stderr, "no file open, try 'help open'\n");
  53         return 0;
  54     }
  55     return 1;
  56 }
  57
  58 static int command(BlockBackend *blk, const cmdinfo_t *ct, int argc,
  59                    char **argv)
  60 {
  61     char *cmd = argv[0];
  62
  63     if (!init_check_command(blk, ct)) {
  64         return 0;
  65     }
  66
  67     if (argc - 1 < ct->argmin || (ct->argmax != -1 && argc - 1 > ct->argmax)) {
  68         if (ct->argmax == -1) {
  69             fprintf(stderr,
  70                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected at least %d arguments\n",
  71                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
  72         } else if (ct->argmin == ct->argmax) {
  73             fprintf(stderr,
  74                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected %d arguments\n",
  75                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
  76         } else {
  77             fprintf(stderr,
  78                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected between %d and %d arguments\n",
  79                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin, ct->argmax);
  80         }
  81         return 0;
  82     }
  83     optind = 0;
  84     return ct->cfunc(blk, argc, argv);
  85 }
  86
  87 static const cmdinfo_t *find_command(const char *cmd)
  88 {
  89     cmdinfo_t *ct;
  90
  91     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
  92         if (strcmp(ct->name, cmd) == 0 ||
  93             (ct->altname && strcmp(ct->altname, cmd) == 0))
  94         {
  95             return (const cmdinfo_t *)ct;
  96         }
  97     }
  98     return NULL;
  99 }
 100
 101 /* Invoke fn() for commands with a matching prefix */
 102 void qemuio_complete_command(const char *input,
 103                              void (*fn)(const char *cmd, void *opaque),
 104                              void *opaque)
 105 {
 106     cmdinfo_t *ct;
 107     size_t input_len = strlen(input);
 108
 109     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
 110         if (strncmp(input, ct->name, input_len) == 0) {
 111             fn(ct->name, opaque);
 112         }
 113     }
 114 }
 115
 116 static char **breakline(char *input, int *count)
 117 {
 118     int c = 0;
 119     char *p;
 120     char **rval = g_new0(char *, 1);
 121
 122     while (rval && (p = qemu_strsep(&input, " ")) != NULL) {
 123         if (!*p) {
 124             continue;
 125         }
 126         c++;
 127         rval = g_renew(char *, rval, (c + 1));
 128         rval[c - 1] = p;
 129         rval[c] = NULL;
 130     }
 131     *count = c;
 132     return rval;
 133 }
 134
 135 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
 136 {
 137     char *end;
 138     return strtosz_suffix(s, &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
 139 }
 140
 141 #define EXABYTES(x)     ((long long)(x) << 60)
 142 #define PETABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 50)
 143 #define TERABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 40)
 144 #define GIGABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 30)
 145 #define MEGABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 20)
 146 #define KILOBYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 10)
 147
 148 #define TO_EXABYTES(x)  ((x) / EXABYTES(1))
 149 #define TO_PETABYTES(x) ((x) / PETABYTES(1))
 150 #define TO_TERABYTES(x) ((x) / TERABYTES(1))
 151 #define TO_GIGABYTES(x) ((x) / GIGABYTES(1))
 152 #define TO_MEGABYTES(x) ((x) / MEGABYTES(1))
 153 #define TO_KILOBYTES(x) ((x) / KILOBYTES(1))
 154
 155 static void cvtstr(double value, char *str, size_t size)
 156 {
 157     char *trim;
 158     const char *suffix;
 159
 160     if (value >= EXABYTES(1)) {
 161         suffix = " EiB";
 162         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_EXABYTES(value));
 163     } else if (value >= PETABYTES(1)) {
 164         suffix = " PiB";
 165         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_PETABYTES(value));
 166     } else if (value >= TERABYTES(1)) {
 167         suffix = " TiB";
 168         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_TERABYTES(value));
 169     } else if (value >= GIGABYTES(1)) {
 170         suffix = " GiB";
 171         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_GIGABYTES(value));
 172     } else if (value >= MEGABYTES(1)) {
 173         suffix = " MiB";
 174         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_MEGABYTES(value));
 175     } else if (value >= KILOBYTES(1)) {
 176         suffix = " KiB";
 177         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_KILOBYTES(value));
 178     } else {
 179         suffix = " bytes";
 180         snprintf(str, size - 6, "%f", value);
 181     }
 182
 183     trim = strstr(str, ".000");
 184     if (trim) {
 185         strcpy(trim, suffix);
 186     } else {
 187         strcat(str, suffix);
 188     }
 189 }
 190
 191
 192
 193 static struct timeval tsub(struct timeval t1, struct timeval t2)
 194 {
 195     t1.tv_usec -= t2.tv_usec;
 196     if (t1.tv_usec < 0) {
 197         t1.tv_usec += 1000000;
 198         t1.tv_sec--;
 199     }
 200     t1.tv_sec -= t2.tv_sec;
 201     return t1;
 202 }
 203
 204 static double tdiv(double value, struct timeval tv)
 205 {
 206     return value / ((double)tv.tv_sec + ((double)tv.tv_usec / 1000000.0));
 207 }
 208
 209 #define HOURS(sec)      ((sec) / (60 * 60))
 210 #define MINUTES(sec)    (((sec) % (60 * 60)) / 60)
 211 #define SECONDS(sec)    ((sec) % 60)
 212
 213 enum {
 214     DEFAULT_TIME        = 0x0,
 215     TERSE_FIXED_TIME    = 0x1,
 216     VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME  = 0x2,
 217 };
 218
 219 static void timestr(struct timeval *tv, char *ts, size_t size, int format)
 220 {
 221     double usec = (double)tv->tv_usec / 1000000.0;
 222
 223     if (format & TERSE_FIXED_TIME) {
 224         if (!HOURS(tv->tv_sec)) {
 225             snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%02u.%02u",
 226                     (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
 227                     (unsigned int) SECONDS(tv->tv_sec),
 228                     (unsigned int) (usec * 100));
 229             return;
 230         }
 231         format |= VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME; /* fallback if hours needed */
 232     }
 233
 234     if ((format & VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME) || tv->tv_sec) {
 235         snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%02u:%02u.%02u",
 236                 (unsigned int) HOURS(tv->tv_sec),
 237                 (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
 238                 (unsigned int) SECONDS(tv->tv_sec),
 239                 (unsigned int) (usec * 100));
 240     } else {
 241         snprintf(ts, size, "0.%04u sec", (unsigned int) (usec * 10000));
 242     }
 243 }
 244
 245 /*
 246  * Parse the pattern argument to various sub-commands.
 247  *
 248  * Because the pattern is used as an argument to memset it must evaluate
 249  * to an unsigned integer that fits into a single byte.
 250  */
 251 static int parse_pattern(const char *arg)
 252 {
 253     char *endptr = NULL;
 254     long pattern;
 255
 256     pattern = strtol(arg, &endptr, 0);
 257     if (pattern < 0 || pattern > UCHAR_MAX || *endptr != '\0') {
 258         printf("%s is not a valid pattern byte\n", arg);
 259         return -1;
 260     }
 261
 262     return pattern;
 263 }
 264
 265 /*
 266  * Memory allocation helpers.
 267  *
 268  * Make sure memory is aligned by default, or purposefully misaligned if
 269  * that is specified on the command line.
 270  */
 271
 272 #define MISALIGN_OFFSET     16
 273 static void *qemu_io_alloc(BlockBackend *blk, size_t len, int pattern)
 274 {
 275     void *buf;
 276
 277     if (qemuio_misalign) {
 278         len += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
 279     }
 280     buf = blk_blockalign(blk, len);
 281     memset(buf, pattern, len);
 282     if (qemuio_misalign) {
 283         buf += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
 284     }
 285     return buf;
 286 }
 287
 288 static void qemu_io_free(void *p)
 289 {
 290     if (qemuio_misalign) {
 291         p -= MISALIGN_OFFSET;
 292     }
 293     qemu_vfree(p);
 294 }
 295
 296 static void dump_buffer(const void *buffer, int64_t offset, int len)
 297 {
 298     int i, j;
 299     const uint8_t *p;
 300
 301     for (i = 0, p = buffer; i < len; i += 16) {
 302         const uint8_t *s = p;
 303
 304         printf("%08" PRIx64 ":  ", offset + i);
 305         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, p++) {
 306             printf("%02x ", *p);
 307         }
 308         printf(" ");
 309         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, s++) {
 310             if (isalnum(*s)) {
 311                 printf("%c", *s);
 312             } else {
 313                 printf(".");
 314             }
 315         }
 316         printf("\n");
 317     }
 318 }
 319
 320 static void print_report(const char *op, struct timeval *t, int64_t offset,
 321                          int count, int total, int cnt, int Cflag)
 322 {
 323     char s1[64], s2[64], ts[64];
 324
 325     timestr(t, ts, sizeof(ts), Cflag ? VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME : 0);
 326     if (!Cflag) {
 327         cvtstr((double)total, s1, sizeof(s1));
 328         cvtstr(tdiv((double)total, *t), s2, sizeof(s2));
 329         printf("%s %d/%d bytes at offset %" PRId64 "\n",
 330                op, total, count, offset);
 331         printf("%s, %d ops; %s (%s/sec and %.4f ops/sec)\n",
 332                s1, cnt, ts, s2, tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
 333     } else {/* bytes,ops,time,bytes/sec,ops/sec */
 334         printf("%d,%d,%s,%.3f,%.3f\n",
 335             total, cnt, ts,
 336             tdiv((double)total, *t),
 337             tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
 338     }
 339 }
 340
 341 /*
 342  * Parse multiple length statements for vectored I/O, and construct an I/O
 343  * vector matching it.
 344  */
 345 static void *
 346 create_iovec(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov, char **argv, int nr_iov,
 347              int pattern)
 348 {
 349     size_t *sizes = g_new0(size_t, nr_iov);
 350     size_t count = 0;
 351     void *buf = NULL;
 352     void *p;
 353     int i;
 354
 355     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
 356         char *arg = argv[i];
 357         int64_t len;
 358
 359         len = cvtnum(arg);
 360         if (len < 0) {
 361             printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", arg);
 362             goto fail;
 363         }
 364
 365         /* should be SIZE_T_MAX, but that doesn't exist */
 366         if (len > INT_MAX) {
 367             printf("too large length argument -- %s\n", arg);
 368             goto fail;
 369         }
 370
 371         if (len & 0x1ff) {
 372             printf("length argument %" PRId64
 373                    " is not sector aligned\n", len);
 374             goto fail;
 375         }
 376
 377         sizes[i] = len;
 378         count += len;
 379     }
 380
 381     qemu_iovec_init(qiov, nr_iov);
 382
 383     buf = p = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, pattern);
 384
 385     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
 386         qemu_iovec_add(qiov, p, sizes[i]);
 387         p += sizes[i];
 388     }
 389
 390 fail:
 391     g_free(sizes);
 392     return buf;
 393 }
 394
 395 static int do_read(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset, int count,
 396                    int *total)
 397 {
 398     int ret;
 399
 400     ret = blk_read(blk, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
 401     if (ret < 0) {
 402         return ret;
 403     }
 404     *total = count;
 405     return 1;
 406 }
 407
 408 static int do_write(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset, int count,
 409                     int *total)
 410 {
 411     int ret;
 412
 413     ret = blk_write(blk, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
 414     if (ret < 0) {
 415         return ret;
 416     }
 417     *total = count;
 418     return 1;
 419 }
 420
 421 static int do_pread(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset, int count,
 422                     int *total)
 423 {
 424     *total = blk_pread(blk, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
 425     if (*total < 0) {
 426         return *total;
 427     }
 428     return 1;
 429 }
 430
 431 static int do_pwrite(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset, int count,
 432                      int *total)
 433 {
 434     *total = blk_pwrite(blk, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
 435     if (*total < 0) {
 436         return *total;
 437     }
 438     return 1;
 439 }
 440
 441 typedef struct {
 442     BlockBackend *blk;
 443     int64_t offset;
 444     int count;
 445     int *total;
 446     int ret;
 447     bool done;
 448 } CoWriteZeroes;
 449
 450 static void coroutine_fn co_write_zeroes_entry(void *opaque)
 451 {
 452     CoWriteZeroes *data = opaque;
 453
 454     data->ret = blk_co_write_zeroes(data->blk, data->offset / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
 455                                     data->count / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, 0);
 456     data->done = true;
 457     if (data->ret < 0) {
 458         *data->total = data->ret;
 459         return;
 460     }
 461
 462     *data->total = data->count;
 463 }
 464
 465 static int do_co_write_zeroes(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset, int count,
 466                               int *total)
 467 {
 468     Coroutine *co;
 469     CoWriteZeroes data = {
 470         .blk    = blk,
 471         .offset = offset,
 472         .count  = count,
 473         .total  = total,
 474         .done   = false,
 475     };
 476
 477     co = qemu_coroutine_create(co_write_zeroes_entry);
 478     qemu_coroutine_enter(co, &data);
 479     while (!data.done) {
 480         aio_poll(blk_get_aio_context(blk), true);
 481     }
 482     if (data.ret < 0) {
 483         return data.ret;
 484     } else {
 485         return 1;
 486     }
 487 }
 488
 489 static int do_write_compressed(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
 490                                int count, int *total)
 491 {
 492     int ret;
 493
 494     ret = blk_write_compressed(blk, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
 495     if (ret < 0) {
 496         return ret;
 497     }
 498     *total = count;
 499     return 1;
 500 }
 501
 502 static int do_load_vmstate(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
 503                            int count, int *total)
 504 {
 505     *total = blk_load_vmstate(blk, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
 506     if (*total < 0) {
 507         return *total;
 508     }
 509     return 1;
 510 }
 511
 512 static int do_save_vmstate(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
 513                            int count, int *total)
 514 {
 515     *total = blk_save_vmstate(blk, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
 516     if (*total < 0) {
 517         return *total;
 518     }
 519     return 1;
 520 }
 521
 522 #define NOT_DONE 0x7fffffff
 523 static void aio_rw_done(void *opaque, int ret)
 524 {
 525     *(int *)opaque = ret;
 526 }
 527
 528 static int do_aio_readv(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
 529                         int64_t offset, int *total)
 530 {
 531     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
 532
 533     blk_aio_readv(blk, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,
 534                   aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
 535     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
 536         main_loop_wait(false);
 537     }
 538
 539     *total = qiov->size;
 540     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
 541 }
 542
 543 static int do_aio_writev(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
 544                          int64_t offset, int *total)
 545 {
 546     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
 547
 548     blk_aio_writev(blk, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,
 549                    aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
 550     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
 551         main_loop_wait(false);
 552     }
 553
 554     *total = qiov->size;
 555     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
 556 }
 557
 558 struct multiwrite_async_ret {
 559     int num_done;
 560     int error;
 561 };
 562
 563 static void multiwrite_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
 564 {
 565     struct multiwrite_async_ret *async_ret = opaque;
 566
 567     async_ret->num_done++;
 568     if (ret < 0) {
 569         async_ret->error = ret;
 570     }
 571 }
 572
 573 static int do_aio_multiwrite(BlockBackend *blk, BlockRequest* reqs,
 574                              int num_reqs, int *total)
 575 {
 576     int i, ret;
 577     struct multiwrite_async_ret async_ret = {
 578         .num_done = 0,
 579         .error = 0,
 580     };
 581
 582     *total = 0;
 583     for (i = 0; i < num_reqs; i++) {
 584         reqs[i].cb = multiwrite_cb;
 585         reqs[i].opaque = &async_ret;
 586         *total += reqs[i].qiov->size;
 587     }
 588
 589     ret = blk_aio_multiwrite(blk, reqs, num_reqs);
 590     if (ret < 0) {
 591         return ret;
 592     }
 593
 594     while (async_ret.num_done < num_reqs) {
 595         main_loop_wait(false);
 596     }
 597
 598     return async_ret.error < 0 ? async_ret.error : 1;
 599 }
 600
 601 static void read_help(void)
 602 {
 603     printf(
 604 "\n"
 605 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
 606 "\n"
 607 " Example:\n"
 608 " 'read -v 512 1k' - dumps 1 kilobyte read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
 609 "\n"
 610 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
 611 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
 612 " -b, -- read from the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
 613 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
 614 " -l, -- length for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
 615 " -p, -- use blk_pread to read the file\n"
 616 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
 617 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
 618 " -s, -- start offset for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
 619 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
 620 "\n");
 621 }
 622
 623 static int read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
 624
 625 static const cmdinfo_t read_cmd = {
 626     .name       = "read",
 627     .altname    = "r",
 628     .cfunc      = read_f,
 629     .argmin     = 2,
 630     .argmax     = -1,
 631     .args       = "[-abCpqv] [-P pattern [-s off] [-l len]] off len",
 632     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
 633     .help       = read_help,
 634 };
 635
 636 static int read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
 637 {
 638     struct timeval t1, t2;
 639     int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;
 640     int Pflag = 0, sflag = 0, lflag = 0, bflag = 0;
 641     int c, cnt;
 642     char *buf;
 643     int64_t offset;
 644     int count;
 645     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
 646     int total = 0;
 647     int pattern = 0, pattern_offset = 0, pattern_count = 0;
 648
 649     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bCl:pP:qs:v")) != EOF) {
 650         switch (c) {
 651         case 'b':
 652             bflag = 1;
 653             break;
 654         case 'C':
 655             Cflag = 1;
 656             break;
 657         case 'l':
 658             lflag = 1;
 659             pattern_count = cvtnum(optarg);
 660             if (pattern_count < 0) {
 661                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", optarg);
 662                 return 0;
 663             }
 664             break;
 665         case 'p':
 666             pflag = 1;
 667             break;
 668         case 'P':
 669             Pflag = 1;
 670             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
 671             if (pattern < 0) {
 672                 return 0;
 673             }
 674             break;
 675         case 'q':
 676             qflag = 1;
 677             break;
 678         case 's':
 679             sflag = 1;
 680             pattern_offset = cvtnum(optarg);
 681             if (pattern_offset < 0) {
 682                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", optarg);
 683                 return 0;
 684             }
 685             break;
 686         case 'v':
 687             vflag = 1;
 688             break;
 689         default:
 690             return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
 691         }
 692     }
 693
 694     if (optind != argc - 2) {
 695         return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
 696     }
 697
 698     if (bflag && pflag) {
 699         printf("-b and -p cannot be specified at the same time\n");
 700         return 0;
 701     }
 702
 703     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
 704     if (offset < 0) {
 705         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
 706         return 0;
 707     }
 708
 709     optind++;
 710     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
 711     if (count < 0) {
 712         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
 713         return 0;
 714     }
 715
 716     if (!Pflag && (lflag || sflag)) {
 717         return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
 718     }
 719
 720     if (!lflag) {
 721         pattern_count = count - pattern_offset;
 722     }
 723
 724     if ((pattern_count < 0) || (pattern_count + pattern_offset > count))  {
 725         printf("pattern verification range exceeds end of read data\n");
 726         return 0;
 727     }
 728
 729     if (!pflag) {
 730         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
 731             printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
 732                    offset);
 733             return 0;
 734         }
 735         if (count & 0x1ff) {
 736             printf("count %d is not sector aligned\n",
 737                    count);
 738             return 0;
 739         }
 740     }
 741
 742     buf = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, 0xab);
 743
 744     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
 745     if (pflag) {
 746         cnt = do_pread(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
 747     } else if (bflag) {
 748         cnt = do_load_vmstate(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
 749     } else {
 750         cnt = do_read(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
 751     }
 752     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
 753
 754     if (cnt < 0) {
 755         printf("read failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
 756         goto out;
 757     }
 758
 759     if (Pflag) {
 760         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(pattern_count);
 761         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, pattern_count);
 762         if (memcmp(buf + pattern_offset, cmp_buf, pattern_count)) {
 763             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
 764                    PRId64 ", %d bytes\n",
 765                    offset + pattern_offset, pattern_count);
 766         }
 767         g_free(cmp_buf);
 768     }
 769
 770     if (qflag) {
 771         goto out;
 772     }
 773
 774     if (vflag) {
 775         dump_buffer(buf, offset, count);
 776     }
 777
 778     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
 779     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
 780     print_report("read", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
 781
 782 out:
 783     qemu_io_free(buf);
 784
 785     return 0;
 786 }
 787
 788 static void readv_help(void)
 789 {
 790     printf(
 791 "\n"
 792 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset into multiple buffers\n"
 793 "\n"
 794 " Example:\n"
 795 " 'readv -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
 796 "\n"
 797 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
 798 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
 799 " Uses multiple iovec buffers if more than one byte range is specified.\n"
 800 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
 801 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
 802 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
 803 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
 804 "\n");
 805 }
 806
 807 static int readv_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
 808
 809 static const cmdinfo_t readv_cmd = {
 810     .name       = "readv",
 811     .cfunc      = readv_f,
 812     .argmin     = 2,
 813     .argmax     = -1,
 814     .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
 815     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
 816     .help       = readv_help,
 817 };
 818
 819 static int readv_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
 820 {
 821     struct timeval t1, t2;
 822     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;
 823     int c, cnt;
 824     char *buf;
 825     int64_t offset;
 826     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
 827     int total = 0;
 828     int nr_iov;
 829     QEMUIOVector qiov;
 830     int pattern = 0;
 831     int Pflag = 0;
 832
 833     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != EOF) {
 834         switch (c) {
 835         case 'C':
 836             Cflag = 1;
 837             break;
 838         case 'P':
 839             Pflag = 1;
 840             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
 841             if (pattern < 0) {
 842                 return 0;
 843             }
 844             break;
 845         case 'q':
 846             qflag = 1;
 847             break;
 848         case 'v':
 849             vflag = 1;
 850             break;
 851         default:
 852             return qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
 853         }
 854     }
 855
 856     if (optind > argc - 2) {
 857         return qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
 858     }
 859
 860
 861     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
 862     if (offset < 0) {
 863         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
 864         return 0;
 865     }
 866     optind++;
 867
 868     if (offset & 0x1ff) {
 869         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
 870                offset);
 871         return 0;
 872     }
 873
 874     nr_iov = argc - optind;
 875     buf = create_iovec(blk, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
 876     if (buf == NULL) {
 877         return 0;
 878     }
 879
 880     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
 881     cnt = do_aio_readv(blk, &qiov, offset, &total);
 882     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
 883
 884     if (cnt < 0) {
 885         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
 886         goto out;
 887     }
 888
 889     if (Pflag) {
 890         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(qiov.size);
 891         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, qiov.size);
 892         if (memcmp(buf, cmp_buf, qiov.size)) {
 893             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
 894                    PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", offset, qiov.size);
 895         }
 896         g_free(cmp_buf);
 897     }
 898
 899     if (qflag) {
 900         goto out;
 901     }
 902
 903     if (vflag) {
 904         dump_buffer(buf, offset, qiov.size);
 905     }
 906
 907     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
 908     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
 909     print_report("read", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
 910
 911 out:
 912     qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
 913     qemu_io_free(buf);
 914     return 0;
 915 }
 916
 917 static void write_help(void)
 918 {
 919     printf(
 920 "\n"
 921 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
 922 "\n"
 923 " Example:\n"
 924 " 'write 512 1k' - writes 1 kilobyte at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
 925 "\n"
 926 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
 927 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
 928 " -b, -- write to the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
 929 " -c, -- write compressed data with blk_write_compressed\n"
 930 " -p, -- use blk_pwrite to write the file\n"
 931 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
 932 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
 933 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
 934 " -z, -- write zeroes using blk_co_write_zeroes\n"
 935 "\n");
 936 }
 937
 938 static int write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
 939
 940 static const cmdinfo_t write_cmd = {
 941     .name       = "write",
 942     .altname    = "w",
 943     .cfunc      = write_f,
 944     .argmin     = 2,
 945     .argmax     = -1,
 946     .args       = "[-bcCpqz] [-P pattern ] off len",
 947     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
 948     .help       = write_help,
 949 };
 950
 951 static int write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
 952 {
 953     struct timeval t1, t2;
 954     int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, bflag = 0, Pflag = 0, zflag = 0;
 955     int cflag = 0;
 956     int c, cnt;
 957     char *buf = NULL;
 958     int64_t offset;
 959     int count;
 960     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
 961     int total = 0;
 962     int pattern = 0xcd;
 963
 964     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bcCpP:qz")) != EOF) {
 965         switch (c) {
 966         case 'b':
 967             bflag = 1;
 968             break;
 969         case 'c':
 970             cflag = 1;
 971             break;
 972         case 'C':
 973             Cflag = 1;
 974             break;
 975         case 'p':
 976             pflag = 1;
 977             break;
 978         case 'P':
 979             Pflag = 1;
 980             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
 981             if (pattern < 0) {
 982                 return 0;
 983             }
 984             break;
 985         case 'q':
 986             qflag = 1;
 987             break;
 988         case 'z':
 989             zflag = 1;
 990             break;
 991         default:
 992             return qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
 993         }
 994     }
 995
 996     if (optind != argc - 2) {
 997         return qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
 998     }
 999
1000     if (bflag + pflag + zflag > 1) {
1001         printf("-b, -p, or -z cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1002         return 0;
1003     }
1004
1005     if (zflag && Pflag) {
1006         printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1007         return 0;
1008     }
1009
1010     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1011     if (offset < 0) {
1012         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1013         return 0;
1014     }
1015
1016     optind++;
1017     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1018     if (count < 0) {
1019         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1020         return 0;
1021     }
1022
1023     if (!pflag) {
1024         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1025             printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1026                    offset);
1027             return 0;
1028         }
1029
1030         if (count & 0x1ff) {
1031             printf("count %d is not sector aligned\n",
1032                    count);
1033             return 0;
1034         }
1035     }
1036
1037     if (!zflag) {
1038         buf = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, pattern);
1039     }
1040
1041     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1042     if (pflag) {
1043         cnt = do_pwrite(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
1044     } else if (bflag) {
1045         cnt = do_save_vmstate(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
1046     } else if (zflag) {
1047         cnt = do_co_write_zeroes(blk, offset, count, &total);
1048     } else if (cflag) {
1049         cnt = do_write_compressed(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
1050     } else {
1051         cnt = do_write(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
1052     }
1053     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1054
1055     if (cnt < 0) {
1056         printf("write failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
1057         goto out;
1058     }
1059
1060     if (qflag) {
1061         goto out;
1062     }
1063
1064     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1065     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1066     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
1067
1068 out:
1069     if (!zflag) {
1070         qemu_io_free(buf);
1071     }
1072
1073     return 0;
1074 }
1075
1076 static void
1077 writev_help(void)
1078 {
1079     printf(
1080 "\n"
1081 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers\n"
1082 "\n"
1083 " Example:\n"
1084 " 'writev 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1085 "\n"
1086 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1087 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1088 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1089 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1090 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1091 "\n");
1092 }
1093
1094 static int writev_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1095
1096 static const cmdinfo_t writev_cmd = {
1097     .name       = "writev",
1098     .cfunc      = writev_f,
1099     .argmin     = 2,
1100     .argmax     = -1,
1101     .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
1102     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1103     .help       = writev_help,
1104 };
1105
1106 static int writev_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1107 {
1108     struct timeval t1, t2;
1109     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
1110     int c, cnt;
1111     char *buf;
1112     int64_t offset;
1113     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
1114     int total = 0;
1115     int nr_iov;
1116     int pattern = 0xcd;
1117     QEMUIOVector qiov;
1118
1119     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
1120         switch (c) {
1121         case 'C':
1122             Cflag = 1;
1123             break;
1124         case 'q':
1125             qflag = 1;
1126             break;
1127         case 'P':
1128             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1129             if (pattern < 0) {
1130                 return 0;
1131             }
1132             break;
1133         default:
1134             return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1135         }
1136     }
1137
1138     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1139         return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1140     }
1141
1142     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1143     if (offset < 0) {
1144         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1145         return 0;
1146     }
1147     optind++;
1148
1149     if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1150         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1151                offset);
1152         return 0;
1153     }
1154
1155     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1156     buf = create_iovec(blk, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1157     if (buf == NULL) {
1158         return 0;
1159     }
1160
1161     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1162     cnt = do_aio_writev(blk, &qiov, offset, &total);
1163     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1164
1165     if (cnt < 0) {
1166         printf("writev failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
1167         goto out;
1168     }
1169
1170     if (qflag) {
1171         goto out;
1172     }
1173
1174     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1175     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1176     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
1177 out:
1178     qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
1179     qemu_io_free(buf);
1180     return 0;
1181 }
1182
1183 static void multiwrite_help(void)
1184 {
1185     printf(
1186 "\n"
1187 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers,\n"
1188 " in a batch of requests that may be merged by qemu\n"
1189 "\n"
1190 " Example:\n"
1191 " 'multiwrite 512 1k 1k ; 4k 1k'\n"
1192 "  writes 2 kB at 512 bytes and 1 kB at 4 kB into the open file\n"
1193 "\n"
1194 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1195 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd). The pattern byte is increased\n"
1196 " by one for each request contained in the multiwrite command.\n"
1197 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1198 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1199 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1200 "\n");
1201 }
1202
1203 static int multiwrite_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1204
1205 static const cmdinfo_t multiwrite_cmd = {
1206     .name       = "multiwrite",
1207     .cfunc      = multiwrite_f,
1208     .argmin     = 2,
1209     .argmax     = -1,
1210     .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..] [; off len [len..]..]",
1211     .oneline    = "issues multiple write requests at once",
1212     .help       = multiwrite_help,
1213 };
1214
1215 static int multiwrite_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1216 {
1217     struct timeval t1, t2;
1218     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
1219     int c, cnt;
1220     char **buf;
1221     int64_t offset, first_offset = 0;
1222     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
1223     int total = 0;
1224     int nr_iov;
1225     int nr_reqs;
1226     int pattern = 0xcd;
1227     QEMUIOVector *qiovs;
1228     int i;
1229     BlockRequest *reqs;
1230
1231     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
1232         switch (c) {
1233         case 'C':
1234             Cflag = 1;
1235             break;
1236         case 'q':
1237             qflag = 1;
1238             break;
1239         case 'P':
1240             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1241             if (pattern < 0) {
1242                 return 0;
1243             }
1244             break;
1245         default:
1246             return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1247         }
1248     }
1249
1250     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1251         return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1252     }
1253
1254     nr_reqs = 1;
1255     for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
1256         if (!strcmp(argv[i], ";")) {
1257             nr_reqs++;
1258         }
1259     }
1260
1261     reqs = g_new0(BlockRequest, nr_reqs);
1262     buf = g_new0(char *, nr_reqs);
1263     qiovs = g_new(QEMUIOVector, nr_reqs);
1264
1265     for (i = 0; i < nr_reqs && optind < argc; i++) {
1266         int j;
1267
1268         /* Read the offset of the request */
1269         offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1270         if (offset < 0) {
1271             printf("non-numeric offset argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1272             goto out;
1273         }
1274         optind++;
1275
1276         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1277             printf("offset %lld is not sector aligned\n",
1278                    (long long)offset);
1279             goto out;
1280         }
1281
1282         if (i == 0) {
1283             first_offset = offset;
1284         }
1285
1286         /* Read lengths for qiov entries */
1287         for (j = optind; j < argc; j++) {
1288             if (!strcmp(argv[j], ";")) {
1289                 break;
1290             }
1291         }
1292
1293         nr_iov = j - optind;
1294
1295         /* Build request */
1296         buf[i] = create_iovec(blk, &qiovs[i], &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1297         if (buf[i] == NULL) {
1298             goto out;
1299         }
1300
1301         reqs[i].qiov = &qiovs[i];
1302         reqs[i].sector = offset >> 9;
1303         reqs[i].nb_sectors = reqs[i].qiov->size >> 9;
1304
1305         optind = j + 1;
1306
1307         pattern++;
1308     }
1309
1310     /* If there were empty requests at the end, ignore them */
1311     nr_reqs = i;
1312
1313     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1314     cnt = do_aio_multiwrite(blk, reqs, nr_reqs, &total);
1315     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1316
1317     if (cnt < 0) {
1318         printf("aio_multiwrite failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
1319         goto out;
1320     }
1321
1322     if (qflag) {
1323         goto out;
1324     }
1325
1326     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1327     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1328     print_report("wrote", &t2, first_offset, total, total, cnt, Cflag);
1329 out:
1330     for (i = 0; i < nr_reqs; i++) {
1331         qemu_io_free(buf[i]);
1332         if (reqs[i].qiov != NULL) {
1333             qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiovs[i]);
1334         }
1335     }
1336     g_free(buf);
1337     g_free(reqs);
1338     g_free(qiovs);
1339     return 0;
1340 }
1341
1342 struct aio_ctx {
1343     BlockBackend *blk;
1344     QEMUIOVector qiov;
1345     int64_t offset;
1346     char *buf;
1347     int qflag;
1348     int vflag;
1349     int Cflag;
1350     int Pflag;
1351     BlockAcctCookie acct;
1352     int pattern;
1353     struct timeval t1;
1354 };
1355
1356 static void aio_write_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1357 {
1358     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1359     struct timeval t2;
1360
1361     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1362
1363
1364     if (ret < 0) {
1365         printf("aio_write failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1366         goto out;
1367     }
1368
1369     block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1370
1371     if (ctx->qflag) {
1372         goto out;
1373     }
1374
1375     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1376     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1377     print_report("wrote", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1378                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1379 out:
1380     qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1381     qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1382     g_free(ctx);
1383 }
1384
1385 static void aio_read_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1386 {
1387     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1388     struct timeval t2;
1389
1390     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1391
1392     if (ret < 0) {
1393         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1394         goto out;
1395     }
1396
1397     if (ctx->Pflag) {
1398         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(ctx->qiov.size);
1399
1400         memset(cmp_buf, ctx->pattern, ctx->qiov.size);
1401         if (memcmp(ctx->buf, cmp_buf, ctx->qiov.size)) {
1402             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
1403                    PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1404         }
1405         g_free(cmp_buf);
1406     }
1407
1408     block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1409
1410     if (ctx->qflag) {
1411         goto out;
1412     }
1413
1414     if (ctx->vflag) {
1415         dump_buffer(ctx->buf, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1416     }
1417
1418     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1419     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1420     print_report("read", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1421                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1422 out:
1423     qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1424     qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1425     g_free(ctx);
1426 }
1427
1428 static void aio_read_help(void)
1429 {
1430     printf(
1431 "\n"
1432 " asynchronously reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1433 "\n"
1434 " Example:\n"
1435 " 'aio_read -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1436 "\n"
1437 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
1438 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
1439 " The read is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1440 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1441 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1442 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
1443 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
1444 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1445 "\n");
1446 }
1447
1448 static int aio_read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1449
1450 static const cmdinfo_t aio_read_cmd = {
1451     .name       = "aio_read",
1452     .cfunc      = aio_read_f,
1453     .argmin     = 2,
1454     .argmax     = -1,
1455     .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
1456     .oneline    = "asynchronously reads a number of bytes",
1457     .help       = aio_read_help,
1458 };
1459
1460 static int aio_read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1461 {
1462     int nr_iov, c;
1463     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1464
1465     ctx->blk = blk;
1466     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != EOF) {
1467         switch (c) {
1468         case 'C':
1469             ctx->Cflag = 1;
1470             break;
1471         case 'P':
1472             ctx->Pflag = 1;
1473             ctx->pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1474             if (ctx->pattern < 0) {
1475                 g_free(ctx);
1476                 return 0;
1477             }
1478             break;
1479         case 'q':
1480             ctx->qflag = 1;
1481             break;
1482         case 'v':
1483             ctx->vflag = 1;
1484             break;
1485         default:
1486             g_free(ctx);
1487             return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1488         }
1489     }
1490
1491     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1492         g_free(ctx);
1493         return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1494     }
1495
1496     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1497     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1498         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1499         g_free(ctx);
1500         return 0;
1501     }
1502     optind++;
1503
1504     if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {
1505         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1506                ctx->offset);
1507         g_free(ctx);
1508         return 0;
1509     }
1510
1511     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1512     ctx->buf = create_iovec(blk, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
1513     if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1514         g_free(ctx);
1515         return 0;
1516     }
1517
1518     gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
1519     block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &ctx->acct, ctx->qiov.size,
1520                      BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
1521     blk_aio_readv(blk, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,
1522                   ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_read_done, ctx);
1523     return 0;
1524 }
1525
1526 static void aio_write_help(void)
1527 {
1528     printf(
1529 "\n"
1530 " asynchronously writes a range of bytes from the given offset source\n"
1531 " from multiple buffers\n"
1532 "\n"
1533 " Example:\n"
1534 " 'aio_write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1535 "\n"
1536 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1537 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1538 " The write is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1539 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1540 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1541 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1542 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1543 "\n");
1544 }
1545
1546 static int aio_write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1547
1548 static const cmdinfo_t aio_write_cmd = {
1549     .name       = "aio_write",
1550     .cfunc      = aio_write_f,
1551     .argmin     = 2,
1552     .argmax     = -1,
1553     .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
1554     .oneline    = "asynchronously writes a number of bytes",
1555     .help       = aio_write_help,
1556 };
1557
1558 static int aio_write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1559 {
1560     int nr_iov, c;
1561     int pattern = 0xcd;
1562     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1563
1564     ctx->blk = blk;
1565     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
1566         switch (c) {
1567         case 'C':
1568             ctx->Cflag = 1;
1569             break;
1570         case 'q':
1571             ctx->qflag = 1;
1572             break;
1573         case 'P':
1574             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1575             if (pattern < 0) {
1576                 g_free(ctx);
1577                 return 0;
1578             }
1579             break;
1580         default:
1581             g_free(ctx);
1582             return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1583         }
1584     }
1585
1586     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1587         g_free(ctx);
1588         return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1589     }
1590
1591     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1592     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1593         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1594         g_free(ctx);
1595         return 0;
1596     }
1597     optind++;
1598
1599     if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {
1600         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1601                ctx->offset);
1602         g_free(ctx);
1603         return 0;
1604     }
1605
1606     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1607     ctx->buf = create_iovec(blk, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1608     if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1609         g_free(ctx);
1610         return 0;
1611     }
1612
1613     gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
1614     block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &ctx->acct, ctx->qiov.size,
1615                      BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
1616     blk_aio_writev(blk, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,
1617                    ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_write_done, ctx);
1618     return 0;
1619 }
1620
1621 static int aio_flush_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1622 {
1623     blk_drain_all();
1624     return 0;
1625 }
1626
1627 static const cmdinfo_t aio_flush_cmd = {
1628     .name       = "aio_flush",
1629     .cfunc      = aio_flush_f,
1630     .oneline    = "completes all outstanding aio requests"
1631 };
1632
1633 static int flush_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1634 {
1635     blk_flush(blk);
1636     return 0;
1637 }
1638
1639 static const cmdinfo_t flush_cmd = {
1640     .name       = "flush",
1641     .altname    = "f",
1642     .cfunc      = flush_f,
1643     .oneline    = "flush all in-core file state to disk",
1644 };
1645
1646 static int truncate_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1647 {
1648     int64_t offset;
1649     int ret;
1650
1651     offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1652     if (offset < 0) {
1653         printf("non-numeric truncate argument -- %s\n", argv[1]);
1654         return 0;
1655     }
1656
1657     ret = blk_truncate(blk, offset);
1658     if (ret < 0) {
1659         printf("truncate: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1660         return 0;
1661     }
1662
1663     return 0;
1664 }
1665
1666 static const cmdinfo_t truncate_cmd = {
1667     .name       = "truncate",
1668     .altname    = "t",
1669     .cfunc      = truncate_f,
1670     .argmin     = 1,
1671     .argmax     = 1,
1672     .args       = "off",
1673     .oneline    = "truncates the current file at the given offset",
1674 };
1675
1676 static int length_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1677 {
1678     int64_t size;
1679     char s1[64];
1680
1681     size = blk_getlength(blk);
1682     if (size < 0) {
1683         printf("getlength: %s\n", strerror(-size));
1684         return 0;
1685     }
1686
1687     cvtstr(size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1688     printf("%s\n", s1);
1689     return 0;
1690 }
1691
1692
1693 static const cmdinfo_t length_cmd = {
1694     .name   = "length",
1695     .altname    = "l",
1696     .cfunc      = length_f,
1697     .oneline    = "gets the length of the current file",
1698 };
1699
1700
1701 static int info_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1702 {
1703     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1704     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1705     ImageInfoSpecific *spec_info;
1706     char s1[64], s2[64];
1707     int ret;
1708
1709     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->format_name) {
1710         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->format_name);
1711     }
1712     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->protocol_name) {
1713         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->protocol_name);
1714     }
1715
1716     ret = bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi);
1717     if (ret) {
1718         return 0;
1719     }
1720
1721     cvtstr(bdi.cluster_size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1722     cvtstr(bdi.vm_state_offset, s2, sizeof(s2));
1723
1724     printf("cluster size: %s\n", s1);
1725     printf("vm state offset: %s\n", s2);
1726
1727     spec_info = bdrv_get_specific_info(bs);
1728     if (spec_info) {
1729         printf("Format specific information:\n");
1730         bdrv_image_info_specific_dump(fprintf, stdout, spec_info);
1731         qapi_free_ImageInfoSpecific(spec_info);
1732     }
1733
1734     return 0;
1735 }
1736
1737
1738
1739 static const cmdinfo_t info_cmd = {
1740     .name       = "info",
1741     .altname    = "i",
1742     .cfunc      = info_f,
1743     .oneline    = "prints information about the current file",
1744 };
1745
1746 static void discard_help(void)
1747 {
1748     printf(
1749 "\n"
1750 " discards a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1751 "\n"
1752 " Example:\n"
1753 " 'discard 512 1k' - discards 1 kilobyte from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1754 "\n"
1755 " Discards a segment of the currently open file.\n"
1756 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1757 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1758 "\n");
1759 }
1760
1761 static int discard_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1762
1763 static const cmdinfo_t discard_cmd = {
1764     .name       = "discard",
1765     .altname    = "d",
1766     .cfunc      = discard_f,
1767     .argmin     = 2,
1768     .argmax     = -1,
1769     .args       = "[-Cq] off len",
1770     .oneline    = "discards a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1771     .help       = discard_help,
1772 };
1773
1774 static int discard_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1775 {
1776     struct timeval t1, t2;
1777     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
1778     int c, ret;
1779     int64_t offset;
1780     int count;
1781
1782     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != EOF) {
1783         switch (c) {
1784         case 'C':
1785             Cflag = 1;
1786             break;
1787         case 'q':
1788             qflag = 1;
1789             break;
1790         default:
1791             return qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1792         }
1793     }
1794
1795     if (optind != argc - 2) {
1796         return qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1797     }
1798
1799     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1800     if (offset < 0) {
1801         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1802         return 0;
1803     }
1804
1805     optind++;
1806     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1807     if (count < 0) {
1808         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1809         return 0;
1810     }
1811
1812     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1813     ret = blk_discard(blk, offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1814                       count >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1815     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1816
1817     if (ret < 0) {
1818         printf("discard failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1819         goto out;
1820     }
1821
1822     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1823     if (!qflag) {
1824         t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1825         print_report("discard", &t2, offset, count, count, 1, Cflag);
1826     }
1827
1828 out:
1829     return 0;
1830 }
1831
1832 static int alloc_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1833 {
1834     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1835     int64_t offset, sector_num;
1836     int nb_sectors, remaining;
1837     char s1[64];
1838     int num, sum_alloc;
1839     int ret;
1840
1841     offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1842     if (offset < 0) {
1843         printf("non-numeric offset argument -- %s\n", argv[1]);
1844         return 0;
1845     } else if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1846         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1847                offset);
1848         return 0;
1849     }
1850
1851     if (argc == 3) {
1852         nb_sectors = cvtnum(argv[2]);
1853         if (nb_sectors < 0) {
1854             printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[2]);
1855             return 0;
1856         }
1857     } else {
1858         nb_sectors = 1;
1859     }
1860
1861     remaining = nb_sectors;
1862     sum_alloc = 0;
1863     sector_num = offset >> 9;
1864     while (remaining) {
1865         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, remaining, &num);
1866         if (ret < 0) {
1867             printf("is_allocated failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1868             return 0;
1869         }
1870         sector_num += num;
1871         remaining -= num;
1872         if (ret) {
1873             sum_alloc += num;
1874         }
1875         if (num == 0) {
1876             nb_sectors -= remaining;
1877             remaining = 0;
1878         }
1879     }
1880
1881     cvtstr(offset, s1, sizeof(s1));
1882
1883     printf("%d/%d sectors allocated at offset %s\n",
1884            sum_alloc, nb_sectors, s1);
1885     return 0;
1886 }
1887
1888 static const cmdinfo_t alloc_cmd = {
1889     .name       = "alloc",
1890     .altname    = "a",
1891     .argmin     = 1,
1892     .argmax     = 2,
1893     .cfunc      = alloc_f,
1894     .args       = "off [sectors]",
1895     .oneline    = "checks if a sector is present in the file",
1896 };
1897
1898
1899 static int map_is_allocated(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
1900                             int64_t nb_sectors, int64_t *pnum)
1901 {
1902     int num, num_checked;
1903     int ret, firstret;
1904
1905     num_checked = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX);
1906     ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, num_checked, &num);
1907     if (ret < 0) {
1908         return ret;
1909     }
1910
1911     firstret = ret;
1912     *pnum = num;
1913
1914     while (nb_sectors > 0 && ret == firstret) {
1915         sector_num += num;
1916         nb_sectors -= num;
1917
1918         num_checked = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX);
1919         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, num_checked, &num);
1920         if (ret == firstret && num) {
1921             *pnum += num;
1922         } else {
1923             break;
1924         }
1925     }
1926
1927     return firstret;
1928 }
1929
1930 static int map_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1931 {
1932     int64_t offset;
1933     int64_t nb_sectors, total_sectors;
1934     char s1[64];
1935     int64_t num;
1936     int ret;
1937     const char *retstr;
1938
1939     offset = 0;
1940     total_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk);
1941     if (total_sectors < 0) {
1942         error_report("Failed to query image length: %s",
1943                      strerror(-total_sectors));
1944         return 0;
1945     }
1946
1947     nb_sectors = total_sectors;
1948
1949     do {
1950         ret = map_is_allocated(blk_bs(blk), offset, nb_sectors, &num);
1951         if (ret < 0) {
1952             error_report("Failed to get allocation status: %s", strerror(-ret));
1953             return 0;
1954         } else if (!num) {
1955             error_report("Unexpected end of image");
1956             return 0;
1957         }
1958
1959         retstr = ret ? "    allocated" : "not allocated";
1960         cvtstr(offset << 9ULL, s1, sizeof(s1));
1961         printf("[% 24" PRId64 "] % 8" PRId64 "/% 8" PRId64 " sectors %s "
1962                "at offset %s (%d)\n",
1963                offset << 9ULL, num, nb_sectors, retstr, s1, ret);
1964
1965         offset += num;
1966         nb_sectors -= num;
1967     } while (offset < total_sectors);
1968
1969     return 0;
1970 }
1971
1972 static const cmdinfo_t map_cmd = {
1973        .name           = "map",
1974        .argmin         = 0,
1975        .argmax         = 0,
1976        .cfunc          = map_f,
1977        .args           = "",
1978        .oneline        = "prints the allocated areas of a file",
1979 };
1980
1981 static int break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1982 {
1983     int ret;
1984
1985     ret = bdrv_debug_breakpoint(blk_bs(blk), argv[1], argv[2]);
1986     if (ret < 0) {
1987         printf("Could not set breakpoint: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1988     }
1989
1990     return 0;
1991 }
1992
1993 static int remove_break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1994 {
1995     int ret;
1996
1997     ret = bdrv_debug_remove_breakpoint(blk_bs(blk), argv[1]);
1998     if (ret < 0) {
1999         printf("Could not remove breakpoint %s: %s\n", argv[1], strerror(-ret));
2000     }
2001
2002     return 0;
2003 }
2004
2005 static const cmdinfo_t break_cmd = {
2006        .name           = "break",
2007        .argmin         = 2,
2008        .argmax         = 2,
2009        .cfunc          = break_f,
2010        .args           = "event tag",
2011        .oneline        = "sets a breakpoint on event and tags the stopped "
2012                          "request as tag",
2013 };
2014
2015 static const cmdinfo_t remove_break_cmd = {
2016        .name           = "remove_break",
2017        .argmin         = 1,
2018        .argmax         = 1,
2019        .cfunc          = remove_break_f,
2020        .args           = "tag",
2021        .oneline        = "remove a breakpoint by tag",
2022 };
2023
2024 static int resume_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2025 {
2026     int ret;
2027
2028     ret = bdrv_debug_resume(blk_bs(blk), argv[1]);
2029     if (ret < 0) {
2030         printf("Could not resume request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
2031     }
2032
2033     return 0;
2034 }
2035
2036 static const cmdinfo_t resume_cmd = {
2037        .name           = "resume",
2038        .argmin         = 1,
2039        .argmax         = 1,
2040        .cfunc          = resume_f,
2041        .args           = "tag",
2042        .oneline        = "resumes the request tagged as tag",
2043 };
2044
2045 static int wait_break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2046 {
2047     while (!bdrv_debug_is_suspended(blk_bs(blk), argv[1])) {
2048         aio_poll(blk_get_aio_context(blk), true);
2049     }
2050
2051     return 0;
2052 }
2053
2054 static const cmdinfo_t wait_break_cmd = {
2055        .name           = "wait_break",
2056        .argmin         = 1,
2057        .argmax         = 1,
2058        .cfunc          = wait_break_f,
2059        .args           = "tag",
2060        .oneline        = "waits for the suspension of a request",
2061 };
2062
2063 static int abort_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2064 {
2065     abort();
2066 }
2067
2068 static const cmdinfo_t abort_cmd = {
2069        .name           = "abort",
2070        .cfunc          = abort_f,
2071        .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2072        .oneline        = "simulate a program crash using abort(3)",
2073 };
2074
2075 static void sigraise_help(void)
2076 {
2077     printf(
2078 "\n"
2079 " raises the given signal\n"
2080 "\n"
2081 " Example:\n"
2082 " 'sigraise %i' - raises SIGTERM\n"
2083 "\n"
2084 " Invokes raise(signal), where \"signal\" is the mandatory integer argument\n"
2085 " given to sigraise.\n"
2086 "\n", SIGTERM);
2087 }
2088
2089 static int sigraise_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
2090
2091 static const cmdinfo_t sigraise_cmd = {
2092     .name       = "sigraise",
2093     .cfunc      = sigraise_f,
2094     .argmin     = 1,
2095     .argmax     = 1,
2096     .flags      = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2097     .args       = "signal",
2098     .oneline    = "raises a signal",
2099     .help       = sigraise_help,
2100 };
2101
2102 static int sigraise_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2103 {
2104     int sig = cvtnum(argv[1]);
2105     if (sig < 0) {
2106         printf("non-numeric signal number argument -- %s\n", argv[1]);
2107         return 0;
2108     }
2109
2110     /* Using raise() to kill this process does not necessarily flush all open
2111      * streams. At least stdout and stderr (although the latter should be
2112      * non-buffered anyway) should be flushed, though. */
2113     fflush(stdout);
2114     fflush(stderr);
2115
2116     raise(sig);
2117     return 0;
2118 }
2119
2120 static void sleep_cb(void *opaque)
2121 {
2122     bool *expired = opaque;
2123     *expired = true;
2124 }
2125
2126 static int sleep_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2127 {
2128     char *endptr;
2129     long ms;
2130     struct QEMUTimer *timer;
2131     bool expired = false;
2132
2133     ms = strtol(argv[1], &endptr, 0);
2134     if (ms < 0 || *endptr != '\0') {
2135         printf("%s is not a valid number\n", argv[1]);
2136         return 0;
2137     }
2138
2139     timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST, sleep_cb, &expired);
2140     timer_mod(timer, qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST) + SCALE_MS * ms);
2141
2142     while (!expired) {
2143         main_loop_wait(false);
2144     }
2145
2146     timer_free(timer);
2147
2148     return 0;
2149 }
2150
2151 static const cmdinfo_t sleep_cmd = {
2152        .name           = "sleep",
2153        .argmin         = 1,
2154        .argmax         = 1,
2155        .cfunc          = sleep_f,
2156        .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2157        .oneline        = "waits for the given value in milliseconds",
2158 };
2159
2160 static void help_oneline(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
2161 {
2162     if (cmd) {
2163         printf("%s ", cmd);
2164     } else {
2165         printf("%s ", ct->name);
2166         if (ct->altname) {
2167             printf("(or %s) ", ct->altname);
2168         }
2169     }
2170
2171     if (ct->args) {
2172         printf("%s ", ct->args);
2173     }
2174     printf("-- %s\n", ct->oneline);
2175 }
2176
2177 static void help_onecmd(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
2178 {
2179     help_oneline(cmd, ct);
2180     if (ct->help) {
2181         ct->help();
2182     }
2183 }
2184
2185 static void help_all(void)
2186 {
2187     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2188
2189     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
2190         help_oneline(ct->name, ct);
2191     }
2192     printf("\nUse 'help commandname' for extended help.\n");
2193 }
2194
2195 static int help_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2196 {
2197     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2198
2199     if (argc == 1) {
2200         help_all();
2201         return 0;
2202     }
2203
2204     ct = find_command(argv[1]);
2205     if (ct == NULL) {
2206         printf("command %s not found\n", argv[1]);
2207         return 0;
2208     }
2209
2210     help_onecmd(argv[1], ct);
2211     return 0;
2212 }
2213
2214 static const cmdinfo_t help_cmd = {
2215     .name       = "help",
2216     .altname    = "?",
2217     .cfunc      = help_f,
2218     .argmin     = 0,
2219     .argmax     = 1,
2220     .flags      = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL,
2221     .args       = "[command]",
2222     .oneline    = "help for one or all commands",
2223 };
2224
2225 bool qemuio_command(BlockBackend *blk, const char *cmd)
2226 {
2227     char *input;
2228     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2229     char **v;
2230     int c;
2231     bool done = false;
2232
2233     input = g_strdup(cmd);
2234     v = breakline(input, &c);
2235     if (c) {
2236         ct = find_command(v[0]);
2237         if (ct) {
2238             done = command(blk, ct, c, v);
2239         } else {
2240             fprintf(stderr, "command \"%s\" not found\n", v[0]);
2241         }
2242     }
2243     g_free(input);
2244     g_free(v);
2245
2246     return done;
2247 }
2248
2249 static void __attribute((constructor)) init_qemuio_commands(void)
2250 {
2251     /* initialize commands */
2252     qemuio_add_command(&help_cmd);
2253     qemuio_add_command(&read_cmd);
2254     qemuio_add_command(&readv_cmd);
2255     qemuio_add_command(&write_cmd);
2256     qemuio_add_command(&writev_cmd);
2257     qemuio_add_command(&multiwrite_cmd);
2258     qemuio_add_command(&aio_read_cmd);
2259     qemuio_add_command(&aio_write_cmd);
2260     qemuio_add_command(&aio_flush_cmd);
2261     qemuio_add_command(&flush_cmd);
2262     qemuio_add_command(&truncate_cmd);
2263     qemuio_add_command(&length_cmd);
2264     qemuio_add_command(&info_cmd);
2265     qemuio_add_command(&discard_cmd);
2266     qemuio_add_command(&alloc_cmd);
2267     qemuio_add_command(&map_cmd);
2268     qemuio_add_command(&break_cmd);
2269     qemuio_add_command(&remove_break_cmd);
2270     qemuio_add_command(&resume_cmd);
2271     qemuio_add_command(&wait_break_cmd);
2272     qemuio_add_command(&abort_cmd);
2273     qemuio_add_command(&sleep_cmd);
2274     qemuio_add_command(&sigraise_cmd);
2275 }