1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
3 The GNU Free Documentation License 1.1 in DocBook
4 Markup by Eric Baudais <baudais@okstate.edu>
5 Maintained by the GNOME Documentation Project
6 http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gdp
8 Last Modified: Nov 16, 2000
9 arch-tag: GNU Free Documentation license in DocBook format
15 Version 1.1, March 2000
18 <year>2000</year><holder>Free Software Foundation, Inc.</holder>
20 <legalnotice id="fdl-legalnotice">
22 <address>Free Software Foundation, Inc. <street>51 Franklin St,
23 Fifth Floor</street>, <city>Boston</city>, <state>MA</state>
24 <postcode>02110-1301</postcode> <country>USA</country></address>
25 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
26 license document, but changing it is not allowed.
30 <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
32 <sect1 id="fdl-preamble">
33 <title>0. PREAMBLE</title>
35 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or
36 other written document <quote>free</quote> in the sense of
37 freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and
38 redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either
39 commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
40 preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for
41 their work, while not being considered responsible for
42 modifications made by others.
46 This License is a kind of <quote>copyleft</quote>, which means
47 that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in
48 the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License,
49 which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
53 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
54 free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
55 free program should come with manuals providing the same
56 freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited
57 to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,
58 regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
59 printed book. We recommend this License principally for works
60 whose purpose is instruction or reference.
63 <sect1 id="fdl-section1">
64 <title>1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
65 <para id="fdl-document">
66 This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
67 notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
68 distributed under the terms of this License. The
69 <quote>Document</quote>, below, refers to any such manual or
70 work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed
71 as <quote>you</quote>.
74 <para id="fdl-modified">
75 A <quote>Modified Version</quote> of the Document means any work
76 containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
77 verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
81 <para id="fdl-secondary">
82 A <quote>Secondary Section</quote> is a named appendix or a
83 front-matter section of the <link
84 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> that deals exclusively
85 with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the
86 Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
87 matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within
88 that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
89 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
90 mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
91 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
92 legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
96 <para id="fdl-invariant">
97 The <quote>Invariant Sections</quote> are certain <link
98 linkend="fdl-secondary"> Secondary Sections</link> whose titles
99 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
100 notice that says that the <link
101 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is released under this
105 <para id="fdl-cover-texts">
106 The <quote>Cover Texts</quote> are certain short passages of
107 text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts,
108 in the notice that says that the <link
109 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is released under this
113 <para id="fdl-transparent">
114 A <quote>Transparent</quote> copy of the <link
115 linkend="fdl-document"> Document</link> means a machine-readable
116 copy, represented in a format whose specification is available
117 to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited
118 directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for
119 images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for
120 drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is
121 suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic
122 translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
123 formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
124 whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
125 subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy
126 that is not <quote>Transparent</quote> is called
127 <quote>Opaque</quote>.
131 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include
132 plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
133 format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
134 standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human
135 modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF,
136 proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
137 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD
138 and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the
139 machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for
140 output purposes only.
143 <para id="fdl-title-page">
144 The <quote>Title Page</quote> means, for a printed book, the
145 title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to
146 hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in
147 the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title
148 page as such, <quote>Title Page</quote> means the text near the
149 most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the
150 beginning of the body of the text.
154 <sect1 id="fdl-section2">
155 <title>2. VERBATIM COPYING</title>
157 You may copy and distribute the <link
158 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> in any medium, either
159 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
160 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
161 applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that
162 you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
163 License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
164 control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
165 distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for
166 copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
167 must also follow the conditions in <link
168 linkend="fdl-section3">section 3</link>.
172 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
173 above, and you may publicly display copies.
177 <sect1 id="fdl-section3">
178 <title>3. COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>
180 If you publish printed copies of the <link
181 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> numbering more than 100,
182 and the Document's license notice requires <link
183 linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link>, you must enclose
184 the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these
185 Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
186 Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also
187 clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these
188 copies. The front cover must present the full title with all
189 words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
190 other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes
191 limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
192 <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> and satisfy these
193 conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
198 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
199 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
200 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
205 If you publish or distribute <link
206 linkend="fdl-transparent">Opaque</link> copies of the <link
207 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> numbering more than 100,
208 you must either include a machine-readable <link
209 linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link> copy along with
210 each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
211 publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a
212 complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added
213 material, which the general network-using public has access to
214 download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network
215 protocols. If you use the latter option, you must take
216 reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
217 copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
218 remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
219 year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly
220 or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the
225 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors
226 of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> well before
227 redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance
228 to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
232 <sect1 id="fdl-section4">
233 <title>4. MODIFICATIONS</title>
235 You may copy and distribute a <link
236 linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> of the <link
237 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> under the conditions of
238 sections <link linkend="fdl-section2">2</link> and <link
239 linkend="fdl-section3">3</link> above, provided that you release
240 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
241 Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus
242 licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version
243 to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do
244 these things in the Modified Version:
247 <itemizedlist mark="opencircle">
252 Use in the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title
253 Page</link> (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
254 from that of the <link
255 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, and from those of
256 previous versions (which should, if there were any, be
257 listed in the History section of the Document). You may
258 use the same title as a previous version if the original
259 publisher of that version gives permission.
268 List on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title
269 Page</link>, as authors, one or more persons or entities
270 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
271 <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>,
272 together with at least five of the principal authors of
273 the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> (all of
274 its principal authors, if it has less than five).
283 State on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title
284 Page</link> the name of the publisher of the <link
285 linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>, as the
295 Preserve all the copyright notices of the <link
296 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>.
305 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
306 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
315 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a
316 license notice giving the public permission to use the
317 <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> under
318 the terms of this License, in the form shown in the
328 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of <link
329 linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> and
330 required <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover
331 Texts</link> given in the <link
332 linkend="fdl-document">Document's</link> license notice.
341 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
350 Preserve the section entitled <quote>History</quote>, and
351 its title, and add to it an item stating at least the
352 title, year, new authors, and publisher of the <link
353 linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version </link>as given on
354 the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title Page</link>. If
355 there is no section entitled <quote>History</quote> in the
356 <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, create one
357 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
358 Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
359 describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous
369 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the <link
370 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> for public access
371 to a <link linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link>
372 copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations
373 given in the Document for previous versions it was based
374 on. These may be placed in the <quote>History</quote>
375 section. You may omit a network location for a work that
376 was published at least four years before the Document
377 itself, or if the original publisher of the version it
378 refers to gives permission.
387 In any section entitled <quote>Acknowledgements</quote> or
388 <quote>Dedications</quote>, preserve the section's title,
389 and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
390 each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
391 dedications given therein.
400 Preserve all the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
401 Sections</link> of the <link
402 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, unaltered in their
403 text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
404 equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
413 Delete any section entitled
414 <quote>Endorsements</quote>. Such a section may not be
415 included in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified
425 Do not retitle any existing section as
426 <quote>Endorsements</quote> or to conflict in title with
427 any <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
435 If the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>
436 includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as
437 <link linkend="fdl-secondary">Secondary Sections</link> and
438 contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your
439 option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To
440 do this, add their titles to the list of <link
441 linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> in the
442 Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be
443 distinct from any other section titles.
447 You may add a section entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote>,
448 provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your <link
449 linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> by various
450 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
451 has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
452 definition of a standard.
456 You may add a passage of up to five words as a <link
457 linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Text</link>, and a passage
458 of up to 25 words as a <link
459 linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Text</link>, to the end of
460 the list of <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link>
461 in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>.
462 Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text
463 may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one
464 entity. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>
465 already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously
466 added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are
467 acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
468 replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
469 publisher that added the old one.
473 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the <link
474 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> do not by this License
475 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
476 assert or imply endorsement of any <link
477 linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version </link>.
481 <sect1 id="fdl-section5">
482 <title>5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
484 You may combine the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>
485 with other documents released under this License, under the
486 terms defined in <link linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link>
487 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the
488 combination all of the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
489 Sections</link> of all of the original documents, unmodified,
490 and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in
495 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License,
496 and multiple identical <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
497 Sections</link> may be replaced with a single copy. If there are
498 multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different
499 contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding
500 at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
501 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique
502 number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the
503 list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined
508 In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
509 <quote>History</quote> in the various original documents,
510 forming one section entitled <quote>History</quote>; likewise
511 combine any sections entitled <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>,
512 and any sections entitled <quote>Dedications</quote>. You must
513 delete all sections entitled <quote>Endorsements.</quote>
517 <sect1 id="fdl-section6">
518 <title>6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
520 You may make a collection consisting of the <link
521 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> and other documents
522 released under this License, and replace the individual copies
523 of this License in the various documents with a single copy that
524 is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
525 rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the
526 documents in all other respects.
530 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
531 dispbibute it individually under this License, provided you
532 insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and
533 follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim
534 copying of that document.
538 <sect1 id="fdl-section7">
539 <title>7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
541 A compilation of the <link
542 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> or its derivatives with
543 other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
544 volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole
545 count as a <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>
546 of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed
547 for the compilation. Such a compilation is called an
548 <quote>aggregate</quote>, and this License does not apply to the
549 other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document , on
550 account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
551 derivative works of the Document. If the <link
552 linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Text</link> requirement of <link
553 linkend="fdl-section3">section 3</link> is applicable to these
554 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one
555 quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may
556 be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
557 aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
562 <sect1 id="fdl-section8">
563 <title>8. TRANSLATION</title>
565 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
566 distribute translations of the <link
567 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> under the terms of <link
568 linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link>. Replacing <link
569 linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> with
570 translations requires special permission from their copyright
571 holders, but you may include translations of some or all
572 Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these
573 Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this
574 License provided that you also include the original English
575 version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the
576 translation and the original English version of this License,
577 the original English version will prevail.
581 <sect1 id="fdl-section9">
582 <title>9. TERMINATION</title>
584 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the <link
585 linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> except as expressly
586 provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy,
587 modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
588 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
589 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
590 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
591 parties remain in full compliance.
595 <sect1 id="fdl-section10">
596 <title>10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>
598 The <ulink type="http"
599 url="http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software
600 Foundation</ulink> may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
601 Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
602 will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ
603 in detail to address new problems or concerns. See <ulink
605 url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.
609 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
610 number. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>
611 specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
612 <quote>or any later version</quote> applies to it, you have the
613 option of following the terms and conditions either of that
614 specified version or of any later version that has been
615 published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If
616 the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
617 you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by
618 the Free Software Foundation.
622 <sect1 id="fdl-using">
623 <title>Addendum</title>
625 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
626 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
627 license notices just after the title page:
632 Copyright YEAR YOUR NAME.
635 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
636 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
637 License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the
638 Free Software Foundation; with the <link
639 linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> being LIST
640 THEIR TITLES, with the <link
641 linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link> being LIST,
642 and with the <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover
643 Texts</link> being LIST. A copy of the license is included in
644 the section entitled <quote>GNU Free Documentation
650 If you have no <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
651 Sections</link>, write <quote>with no Invariant Sections</quote>
652 instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
653 <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link>, write
654 <quote>no Front-Cover Texts</quote> instead of
655 <quote>Front-Cover Texts being LIST</quote>; likewise for <link
656 linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Texts</link>.
660 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code,
661 we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your
662 choice of free software license, such as the <ulink type="http"
663 url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html"> GNU General Public
664 License</ulink>, to permit their use in free software.