7 Network Working Group R. Gellens
8 Request for Comments: 2449 Qualcomm
9 Updates: 1939 C. Newman
10 Category: Standards Track Innosoft
16 POP3 Extension Mechanism
20 This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
21 Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
22 improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
23 Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
24 and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
28 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
32 This extension to the POP3 protocol is to be used by a server to
33 express policy descisions taken by the server administrator. It is
34 not an endorsement of implementations of further POP3 extensions
35 generally. It is the general view that the POP3 protocol should stay
36 simple, and for the simple purpose of downloading email from a mail
37 server. If more complicated operations are needed, the IMAP protocol
38 [RFC 2060] should be used. The first paragraph of section 7 should
39 be read very carefully.
43 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
44 2. Conventions Used in this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
45 3. General Command and Response Grammar . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
46 4. Parameter and Response Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
47 5. The CAPA Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
48 6. Initial Set of Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
49 6.1. TOP capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
50 6.2. USER capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
51 6.3. SASL capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
52 6.4. RESP-CODES capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
53 6.5. LOGIN-DELAY capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
54 6.6. PIPELINING capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
58 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 1]
60 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
63 6.7. EXPIRE capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
64 6.8. UIDL capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
65 6.9. IMPLEMENTATION capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
66 7. Future Extensions to POP3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
67 8. Extended POP3 Response Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
68 8.1. Initial POP3 response codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
69 8.1.1. The LOGIN-DELAY response code . . . . . . . . . . . 15
70 8.1.2. The IN-USE response code . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
71 9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
72 10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
73 11. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
74 12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
75 13. Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
76 14. Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
80 The Post Office Protocol version 3 [POP3] is very widely used.
81 However, while it includes some optional commands (and some useful
82 protocol extensions have been published), it lacks a mechanism for
83 advertising support for these extensions or for behavior variations.
85 Currently these optional features and extensions can only be detected
86 by probing, if at all. This is at best inefficient, and possibly
87 worse. As a result, some clients have manual configuration options
88 for POP3 server capabilities.
90 Because one of the most important characteristics of POP3 is its
91 simplicity, it is desirable that extensions be few in number (see
92 section 7). However, some extensions are necessary (such as ones
93 that provide improved security [POP-AUTH]), while others are very
94 desirable in certain situations. In addition, a means for
95 discovering server behavior is needed.
97 This memo updates RFC 1939 [POP3] to define a mechanism to announce
98 support for optional commands, extensions, and unconditional server
99 behavior. Included is an initial set of currently deployed
100 capabilities which vary between server implementations, and several
101 new capabilities (SASL, RESP-CODES, LOGIN-DELAY, PIPELINING, EXPIRE
102 and IMPLEMENTATION). This document also extends POP3 error messages
103 so that machine parsable codes can be provided to the client. An
104 initial set of response codes is included. In addition, an [ABNF]
105 specification of POP3 commands and responses is defined.
107 Public comments should be sent to the IETF POP3 Extensions mailing
108 list, <ietf-pop3ext@imc.org>. To subscribe, send a message
109 containing SUBSCRIBE to <ietf-pop3ext-request@imc.org>.
114 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 2]
116 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
119 2. Conventions Used in this Document
121 The key words "REQUIRED", "MUST", "MUST NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT",
122 and "MAY" in this document are to be interpreted as described in "Key
123 words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels" [KEYWORDS].
125 In examples, "C:" and "S:" indicate lines sent by the client and
128 3. General Command and Response Grammar
130 The general form of POP3 commands and responses is described using
135 command = keyword *(SP param) CRLF ;255 octets maximum
141 response = greeting / single-line / capa-resp / multi-line
142 capa-resp = single-line *capability "." CRLF
144 capability = capa-tag *(SP param) CRLF ;512 octets maximum
145 cchar = %x21-2D / %x2F-7F
146 ;printable ASCII, excluding "."
147 dot-stuffed = *CHAR CRLF ;must be dot-stuffed
148 gchar = %x21-3B / %x3D-7F
149 ;printable ASCII, excluding "<"
150 greeting = "+OK" [resp-code] *gchar [timestamp] *gchar CRLF
152 multi-line = single-line *dot-stuffed "." CRLF
153 rchar = %x21-2E / %x30-5C / %x5E-7F
154 ;printable ASCII, excluding "/" and "]"
155 resp-code = "[" resp-level *("/" resp-level) "]"
157 schar = %x21-5A / %x5C-7F
158 ;printable ASCII, excluding "["
159 single-line = status [SP text] CRLF ;512 octets maximum
160 status = "+OK" / "-ERR"
161 text = *schar / resp-code *CHAR
162 timestamp = "<" *VCHAR ">"
163 ;MUST conform to RFC-822 msg-id
170 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 3]
172 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
175 4. Parameter and Response Lengths
177 This specification increases the length restrictions on commands and
178 parameters imposed by RFC 1939.
180 The maximum length of a command is increased from 47 characters (4
181 character command, single space, 40 character argument, CRLF) to 255
182 octets, including the terminating CRLF.
184 Servers which support the CAPA command MUST support commands up to
185 255 octets. Servers MUST also support the largest maximum command
186 length specified by any supported capability.
188 The maximum length of the first line of a command response (including
189 the initial greeting) is unchanged at 512 octets (including the
194 The POP3 CAPA command returns a list of capabilities supported by the
195 POP3 server. It is available in both the AUTHORIZATION and
198 A capability description MUST document in which states the capability
199 is announced, and in which states the commands are valid.
201 Capabilities available in the AUTHORIZATION state MUST be announced
204 If a capability is announced in both states, but the argument might
205 differ after authentication, this possibility MUST be stated in the
206 capability description.
208 (These requirements allow a client to issue only one CAPA command if
209 it does not use any TRANSACTION-only capabilities, or any
210 capabilities whose values may differ after authentication.)
212 If the authentication step negotiates an integrity protection layer,
213 the client SHOULD reissue the CAPA command after authenticating, to
214 check for active down-negotiation attacks.
216 Each capability may enable additional protocol commands, additional
217 parameters and responses for existing commands, or describe an aspect
218 of server behavior. These details are specified in the description
226 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 4]
228 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
231 Section 3 describes the CAPA response using [ABNF]. When a
232 capability response describes an optional command, the <capa-tag>
233 SHOULD be identical to the command keyword. CAPA response tags are
245 An -ERR response indicates the capability command is not
246 implemented and the client will have to probe for
247 capabilities as before.
249 An +OK response is followed by a list of capabilities, one
250 per line. Each capability name MAY be followed by a single
251 space and a space-separated list of parameters. Each
252 capability line is limited to 512 octets (including the
253 CRLF). The capability list is terminated by a line
254 containing a termination octet (".") and a CRLF pair.
261 S: +OK Capability list follows
264 S: SASL CRAM-MD5 KERBEROS_V4
270 S: IMPLEMENTATION Shlemazle-Plotz-v302
273 6. Initial Set of Capabilities
275 This section defines an initial set of POP3 capabilities. These
276 include the optional POP3 commands, already published POP3
277 extensions, and behavior variations between POP3 servers which can
282 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 5]
284 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
287 Note that there is no APOP capability, even though APOP is an
288 optional command in [POP3]. Clients discover server support of APOP
289 by the presence in the greeting banner of an initial challenge
290 enclosed in angle brackets ("<>"). Therefore, an APOP capability
291 would introduce two ways for a server to announce the same thing.
304 Standard commands affected:
307 Announced states / possible differences:
310 Commands valid in states:
313 Specification reference:
317 The TOP capability indicates the optional TOP command is
331 Standard commands affected:
338 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 6]
340 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
343 Announced states / possible differences:
346 Commands valid in states:
349 Specification reference:
353 The USER capability indicates that the USER and PASS commands
354 are supported, although they may not be available to all users.
362 Supported SASL mechanisms
367 Standard commands affected:
370 Announced states / possible differences:
373 Commands valid in states:
376 Specification reference:
380 The POP3 AUTH command [POP-AUTH] permits the use of [SASL]
381 authentication mechanisms with POP3. The SASL capability
382 indicates that the AUTH command is available and that it supports
383 an optional base64 encoded second argument for an initial client
384 response as described in the SASL specification. The argument to
385 the SASL capability is a space separated list of SASL mechanisms
394 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 7]
396 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
399 6.4. RESP-CODES capability
410 Standard commands affected:
413 Announced states / possible differences:
416 Commands valid in states:
419 Specification reference:
423 The RESP-CODES capability indicates that any response text issued
424 by this server which begins with an open square bracket ("[") is
425 an extended response code (see section 8).
427 6.5. LOGIN-DELAY capability
433 minimum seconds between logins; optionally followed by USER in
434 AUTHENTICATION state.
439 Standard commands affected:
442 Announced states / possible differences:
445 Commands valid in states:
450 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 8]
452 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
455 Specification reference:
459 POP3 clients often login frequently to check for new mail.
460 Unfortunately, the process of creating a connection,
461 authenticating the user, and opening the user's maildrop can be
462 very resource intensive on the server. A number of deployed POP3
463 servers try to reduce server load by requiring a delay between
464 logins. The LOGIN-DELAY capability includes an integer argument
465 which indicates the number of seconds after an "+OK" response to
466 a PASS, APOP, or AUTH command before another authentication will
467 be accepted. Clients which permit the user to configure a mail
468 check interval SHOULD use this capability to determine the
469 minimum permissible interval. Servers which advertise LOGIN-
470 DELAY SHOULD enforce it.
472 If the minimum login delay period could differ per user (that is,
473 the LOGIN-DELAY argument might change after authentication), the
474 server MUST announce in AUTHENTICATION state the largest value
475 which could be set for any user. This might be the largest value
476 currently in use for any user (so only one value per server), or
477 even the largest value which the server permits to be set for any
478 user. The server SHOULD append the token "USER" to the LOGIN-
479 DELAY parameter in AUTHENTICATION state, to inform the client
480 that a more accurate value is available after authentication.
481 The server SHOULD announce the more accurate value in TRANSACTION
482 state. (The "USER" token allows the client to decide if a second
483 CAPA command is needed or not.)
485 Servers enforce LOGIN-DELAY by rejecting an authentication
486 command with or without the LOGIN-DELAY error response. See
487 section 8.1.1 for more information.
489 6.6. PIPELINING capability
500 Standard commands affected:
506 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 9]
508 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
511 Announced states / possible differences:
514 Commands valid in states:
517 Specification reference:
521 The PIPELINING capability indicates the server is capable of
522 accepting multiple commands at a time; the client does not have
523 to wait for the response to a command before issuing a subsequent
524 command. If a server supports PIPELINING, it MUST process each
525 command in turn. If a client uses PIPELINING, it MUST keep track
526 of which commands it has outstanding, and match server responses
527 to commands in order. If either the client or server uses
528 blocking writes, it MUST not exceed the window size of the
529 underlying transport layer.
531 Some POP3 clients have an option to indicate the server supports
532 "Overlapped POP3 commands." This capability removes the need to
533 configure this at the client.
535 This is roughly synonymous with the ESMTP PIPELINING extension
536 [PIPELINING], however, since SMTP [SMTP] tends to have short
537 commands and responses, the benefit is in grouping multiple
538 commands and sending them as a unit. While there are cases of
539 this in POP (for example, USER and PASS could be batched,
540 multiple RETR and/or DELE commands could be sent as a group),
541 because POP has short commands and sometimes lengthy responses,
542 there is also an advantage is sending new commands while still
543 receiving the response to an earlier command (for example,
544 sending RETR and/or DELE commands while processing a UIDL reply).
546 6.7. EXPIRE capability
552 server-guaranteed minimum retention days, or NEVER; optionally
553 followed by USER in AUTHENTICATION state
562 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 10]
564 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
567 Standard commands affected:
570 Announced states / possible differences:
573 Commands valid in states:
576 Specification reference:
580 While POP3 allows clients to leave messages on the server, RFC
581 1939 [POP3] warns about the problems that may arise from this,
582 and allows servers to delete messages based on site policy.
584 The EXPIRE capability avoids the problems mentioned in RFC 1939,
585 by allowing the server to inform the client as to the policy in
586 effect. The argument to the EXPIRE capability indicates the
587 minimum server retention period, in days, for messages on the
590 EXPIRE 0 indicates the client is not permitted to leave mail on
591 the server; when the session enters the UPDATE state the server
592 MAY assume an implicit DELE for each message which was downloaded
595 EXPIRE NEVER asserts that the server does not delete messages.
597 The concept of a "retention period" is intentionally vague.
598 Servers may start counting days to expiration when a message is
599 added to a maildrop, when a client becomes aware of the existence
600 of a message through the LIST or UIDL commands, when a message
601 has been acted upon in some way (for example, TOP or RETR), or at
602 some other event. The EXPIRE capability cannot provide a precise
603 indication as to exactly when any specific message will expire.
604 The capability is intended to make it easier for clients to
605 behave in ways which conform to site policy and user wishes. For
606 example, a client might display a warning for attempts to
607 configure a "leave mail on server" period which is greater than
608 or equal to some percentage of the value announced by the server.
610 If a site uses any automatic deletion policy, it SHOULD use the
611 EXPIRE capability to announce this.
618 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 11]
620 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
623 The EXPIRE capability, with a parameter other than 0 or NEVER, is
624 intended to let the client know that the server does permit mail
625 to be left on the server, and to present a value which is the
626 smallest which might be in force.
628 Sites which permit users to retain messages indefinitely SHOULD
629 announce this with the EXPIRE NEVER response.
631 If the expiration policy differs per user (that is, the EXPIRE
632 argument might change after authentication), the server MUST
633 announce in AUTHENTICATION state the smallest value which could
634 be set for any user. This might be the smallest value currently
635 in use for any user (so only one value per server), or even the
636 smallest value which the server permits to be set for any user.
637 The server SHOULD append the token "USER" to the EXPIRE parameter
638 in AUTHENTICATION state, to inform the client that a more
639 accurate value is available after authentication. The server
640 SHOULD announce the more accurate value in TRANSACTION state.
641 (The "USER" token allows the client to decide if a second CAPA
642 command is needed or not.)
644 A site may have a message expiration policy which treats messages
645 differently depending on which user actions have been performed,
646 or based on other factors. For example, a site might delete
647 unseen messages after 60 days, and completely- or partially-seen
648 messages after 15 days.
650 The announced EXPIRE value is the smallest retention period which
651 is or might be used by any category or condition of the current
652 site policy, for any user (in AUTHENTICATION state) or the
653 specific user (in TRANSACTION state). That is, EXPIRE informs
654 the client of the minimum number of days messages may remain on
655 the server under any circumstances.
663 The first example indicates the server might delete messages
664 after five days, but the period differs per user, and so a more
665 accurate value can be obtained by issuing a second CAPA command
666 in TRANSACTION state. The second example indicates the server
667 could delete messages after 30 days. In the third example, the
668 server announces it does not delete messages. The fourth example
669 specifies that the site does not permit messages to be left on
674 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 12]
676 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
690 Standard commands affected:
693 Announced states / possible differences:
696 Commands valid in states:
699 Specification reference:
703 The UIDL capability indicates that the optional UIDL command is
706 6.9. IMPLEMENTATION capability
712 string giving server implementation information
717 Standard commands affected:
720 Announced states / possible differences:
721 both (optionally TRANSACTION only) / no
723 Commands valid in states:
730 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 13]
732 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
735 Specification reference:
739 It is often useful to identify an implementation of a particular
740 server (for example, when logging). This is commonly done in the
741 welcome banner, but one must guess if a string is an
742 implementation ID or not.
744 The argument to the IMPLEMENTATION capability consists of one or
745 more tokens which identify the server. (Note that since CAPA
746 response tag arguments are space-separated, it may be convenient
747 for the IMPLEMENTATION capability argument to not contain spaces,
748 so that it is a single token.)
750 Normally, servers announce IMPLEMENTATION in both states.
751 However, a server MAY chose to do so only in TRANSACTION state.
753 A server MAY include the implementation identification both in
754 the welcome banner and in the IMPLEMENTATION capability.
756 Clients MUST NOT modify their behavior based on the server
757 implementation. Instead the server and client should agree on a
760 7. Future Extensions to POP3
762 Future extensions to POP3 are in general discouraged, as POP3's
763 usefulness lies in its simplicity. POP3 is intended as a download-
764 and-delete protocol; mail access capabilities are available in IMAP
765 [IMAP4]. Extensions which provide support for additional mailboxes,
766 allow uploading of messages to the server, or which deviate from
767 POP's download-and-delete model are strongly discouraged and unlikely
768 to be permitted on the IETF standards track.
770 Clients MUST NOT require the presence of any extension for basic
771 functionality, with the exception of the authentication commands
772 (APOP, AUTH [section 6.3] and USER/PASS).
774 Section 9 specifies how additional capabilities are defined.
776 8. Extended POP3 Response Codes
778 Unextended POP3 is only capable of indicating success or failure to
779 most commands. Unfortunately, clients often need to know more
780 information about the cause of a failure in order to gracefully
781 recover. This is especially important in response to a failed login
786 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 14]
788 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
791 (there are widely-deployed clients which attempt to decode the error
792 text of a PASS command result, to try and distinguish between "unable
793 to get maildrop lock" and "bad login").
795 This specification amends the POP3 standard to permit an optional
796 response code, enclosed in square brackets, at the beginning of the
797 human readable text portion of an "+OK" or "-ERR" response. Clients
798 supporting this extension MAY remove any information enclosed in
799 square brackets prior to displaying human readable text to the user.
800 Immediately following the open square bracket "[" character is a
801 response code which is interpreted in a case-insensitive fashion by
804 The response code is hierarchical, with a "/" separating levels of
805 detail about the error. Clients MUST ignore unknown hierarchical
806 detail about the response code. This is important, as it could be
807 necessary to provide further detail for response codes in the future.
809 Section 3 describes response codes using [ABNF].
811 If a server supports extended response codes, it indicates this by
812 including the RESP-CODES capability in the CAPA response.
815 C: APOP mrose c4c9334bac560ecc979e58001b3e22fb
816 S: -ERR [IN-USE] Do you have another POP session running?
818 8.1. Initial POP3 response codes
820 This specification defines two POP3 response codes which can be used
821 to determine the reason for a failed login. Section 9 specifies how
822 additional response codes are defined.
824 8.1.1. The LOGIN-DELAY response code
826 This occurs on an -ERR response to an AUTH, USER (see note), PASS or
827 APOP command and indicates that the user has logged in recently and
828 will not be allowed to login again until the login delay period has
831 NOTE: Returning the LOGIN-DELAY response code to the USER command
832 avoids the work of authenticating the user but reveals to the client
833 that the specified user exists. Unless the server is operating in an
834 environment where user names are not secret (for example, many
835 popular email clients advertise the POP server and user name in an
836 outgoing mail header), or where server access is restricted, or the
837 server can verify that the connection is to the same user, it is
842 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 15]
844 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
847 strongly recommended that the server not issue this response code to
848 the USER command. The server still saves the cost of opening the
849 maildrop, which in some environments is the most expensive step.
851 8.1.2. The IN-USE response code
853 This occurs on an -ERR response to an AUTH, APOP, or PASS command.
854 It indicates the authentication was successful, but the user's
855 maildrop is currently in use (probably by another POP3 client).
857 9. IANA Considerations
859 This document requests that IANA maintain two new registries: POP3
860 capabilities and POP3 response codes.
862 New POP3 capabilities MUST be defined in a standards track or IESG
863 approved experimental RFC, and MUST NOT begin with the letter "X".
865 New POP3 capabilities MUST include the following information:
869 Standard commands affected
870 Announced states / possible differences
871 Commands valid in states
872 Specification reference
875 In addition, new limits for POP3 command and response lengths may
878 New POP3 response codes MUST be defined in an RFC or other permanent
879 and readily available reference, in sufficient detail so that
880 interoperability between independent implementations is possible.
881 (This is the "Specification Required" policy described in [IANA]).
883 New POP3 response code specifications MUST include the following
884 information: the complete response code, for which responses (+OK
885 or -ERR) and commands it is valid, and a definition of its meaning and
886 expected client behavior.
898 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 16]
900 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
903 10. Security Considerations
905 A capability list can reveal information about the server's
906 authentication mechanisms which can be used to determine if certain
907 attacks will be successful. However, allowing clients to
908 automatically detect availability of stronger mechanisms and alter
909 their configurations to use them can improve overall security at a
912 Section 8.1 discusses the security issues related to use of the
913 LOGIN-DELAY response code with the USER command.
917 This document has been revised in part based on comments and
918 discussions which took place on and off the IETF POP3 Extensions
919 mailing list. The help of those who took the time to review this
920 memo and make suggestions is appreciated, especially that of Alexey
921 Melnikov, Harald Alvestrand, and Mike Gahrns.
925 [ABNF] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
926 Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.
928 [IANA] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
929 IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434,
932 [IMAP4] Crispin, M., "Internet Message Access Protocol --
933 Version 4rev1", RFC 2060, December 1996.
935 [KEYWORDS] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
936 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
938 [PIPELINING] Freed, N., "SMTP Service Extension for Command
939 Pipelining", RFC 2197, September 1997.
941 [POP3] Myers, J. and M. Rose, "Post Office Protocol -- Version
942 3", STD 53, RFC 1939, May 1996.
944 [POP-AUTH] Myers, J., "POP3 AUTHentication command", RFC 1734,
947 [SASL] Myers, J., "Simple Authentication and Security Layer
948 (SASL)", RFC 2222, October 1997.
954 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 17]
956 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
959 [SMTP] Postel, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", STD 10, RFC
962 13. Authors' Addresses
965 QUALCOMM Incorporated
967 San Diego, CA 92121-2779
970 Phone: +1 619 651 5115
972 EMail: randy@qualcomm.com
976 Innosoft International, Inc.
978 West Covina, CA 91790
981 EMail: chris.newman@innosoft.com
985 QUALCOMM Incorporated
987 San Diego, Ca, 92121-2779
990 Phone: +1 619 658 3584
992 EMail: lgl@qualcomm.com
1010 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 18]
1012 RFC 2449 POP3 Extension Mechanism November 1998
1015 14. Full Copyright Statement
1017 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
1019 This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
1020 others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
1021 or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
1022 and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
1023 kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
1024 included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
1025 document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
1026 the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
1027 Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
1028 developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
1029 copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
1030 followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
1033 The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
1034 revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
1036 This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
1037 "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
1038 TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
1039 BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
1040 HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
1041 MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
1066 Gellens, et. al. Standards Track [Page 19]