1 W e l c o m e t o S - n a i l / S - m a i l x
2 ===============================================
4 S-nail (later S-mailx) provides a simple and friendly environment for
5 sending and receiving mail. It is intended to provide the functionality
6 of the POSIX mailx(1) command, but is MIME capable and optionally offers
7 extensions for line editing, S/MIME, SMTP and POP3, among others.
8 It divides incoming mail into its constituent messages and allows the
9 user to deal with them in any order, offers many commands and variables
10 for manipulating messages and sending mail, as well as line editing, and
11 increasingly powerful scripting capabilities.
13 Please refer to the file INSTALL for build and installation remarks,
14 and to NEWS for release update information. The file THANKS mentions
15 people who have helped improving and deserve acknowledgement.
17 This software originates in the codebase of Heirloom mailx, formerly
18 known as nail, which itself is based upon Berkeley Mail that has
19 a history back to 1978, and which has been written to replace Unix mail,
20 a program that already shipped with First Edition Unix from 1971 --
21 M. Douglas McIlroy writes in his article "A Research UNIX Reader:
22 Annotated Excerpts from the Programmer's Manual, 1971-1986":
24 MAIL (v1 page 21, v7 page 22)
25 Electronic mail was there from the start. Never satisfied with its
26 exact behavior, everybody touched it at one time or another: to
27 assure the safety of simultaneous access, to improve privacy, to
28 survive crashes, to exploit uucp, to screen out foreign freeloaders,
29 or whatever. Not until v7 did the interface change (Thompson). [.]
40 Our latest release can be downloaded at [1], and the fully cross-
41 referenced manual can also be viewed as HTML online[2].
42 There are browsable git(1) repositories at sdaoden.eu[3] (use [4] for
43 cloning purposes), with mirrors at Sourceforge[5.a] (our initial
44 hoster), Github[5.b] and repo.or.cz[5.c].
46 [1] https?://ftp.sdaoden.eu/s-nail-latest.tar.{gz,xz}{,.asc}
47 [2] https?://www.sdaoden.eu/code.html#s-mailx
48 [3] https?://git.sdaoden.eu/browse/s-nail.git
49 [4] https?://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
50 [5.a] https://sourceforge.net/projects/s-nail
51 [5.b] https://github.com/sdaoden/s-mailx
52 [5.c] https://repo.or.cz/s-mailx.git
54 We have a mailing list[7] with moderated unsubscribed posting possi-
55 bilities; subscriptions can be managed via web interface[8] (it is
56 a GNU Mailman list, so posting to LISTNAME-request@ and the subject
57 "subscribe" will also do). We have a browser-accessible and searchable
58 archive[9], and The Mail Archive is so kind and offers it, with all its
59 services, too [10]! For example, i have subscribed the RSS feed that
60 The Mail Archive produces to Gwene.org[11]. And Gmane.org was so kind
61 and took us, we are here[12]. Thanks to all of you!
63 Commits to the [master], [release/*] and [stable/*] branches are
64 posted to [13], and announcements will also be posted to [14], both
65 are receive-only mailing-lists.
67 Note: mailing list related URLs etc. may change after the v14.9.20
68 release, please look at the web page shall the below not work!
70 [7] s-mailx@lists.sdaoden.eu
71 [8] https://lists.sdaoden.eu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/s-mailx
72 [9] https://lists.sdaoden.eu/pipermail/s-mailx/
73 [10] https://www.mail-archive.com/s-mailx@lists.sdaoden.eu/
74 [11] news.gwene.org/gwene.mail.s-mailx
75 [12] news.gmane.org/gmane.mail.s-mailx.general
76 [13] https://lists.sdaoden.eu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/s-mailx-commit
77 [14] https://lists.sdaoden.eu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/s-announce
79 Our heraldic animal snailmail.jpg had been found at [+1].
82 [+1] http://cdn.whatculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/snailmail.jpg
87 To create a full clone of the repository, with all the data and history:
89 $ git clone https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
91 With a newer git(1), and only tracking the latest stable branch:
93 $ git clone --single-branch --branch=stable/latest \
94 https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
96 Or, being selective, also with older git(1)s:
101 $ git remote add origin -t 'release/*' -t stable/stable -t master \
102 https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
105 And then, assuming the last had been done:
107 $ # Show all releases
108 $ git log --no-walk --decorate --oneline --branches='release/*' --
109 $ # Check out the latest release, and verify the signature
110 $ git checkout release/latest
111 $ git log --oneline --show-signature --max-count=1 HEAD
112 $ make all && sudo make install
118 A new branch within release/ is created for every release, for
119 example [release/v14.8.10]. History will not be rewritten.
121 These branches consist of one signed commit, and is used for the
122 signed release tag, vMAJOR.MINOR.UPDATE.ar (.ar for "archive").
123 The commit as such covers the data modifications that make up
124 a release (release date fixation, manual preprocessing, removal of
125 data which does not make sense in release tarballs, ..).
127 All this is not true for older releases, the new repository layout
128 was introduced after v14.8.10. But it used [timeline] as a source
129 for most references, therefore the signed tag v14.8.7.ar protects
130 all elder references within [release/]:
132 $ git describe --contains heads/release/v1.3.0
135 - [release/latest] and [release/stable]
136 "Symbolic links" to the latest and stable, respectively, release
140 A new branch within stable/ will be created for each new minor
141 version, e.g., [stable/v14.8]. History will not be rewritten.
143 These are the de-facto [master] branches for their respective minor
144 release, which extend for the full lifetime of the said, e.g., the
145 branch [stable/v14.7] has been created once the v14.7.0 release was
146 made, and it extends until the release of v14.7.11, the last v14.7
149 Once the time for a new release has come, the head of such a stable
150 branch will gain a signed commit and a signed stable tag,
151 vMAJOR.MINOR.UPDATE, and then be used as the source for a new branch
154 Packagers who want to include all the bugfixes when they eventually
155 iterate their package can create local "packager releases" with the
156 "grappa" mode of the script mk/make-release.sh. With it, they can
157 track the stable/ branch of desire, and have a [myrelease] branch
158 where the local releases are made. This needs an installed s-nail,
159 git(1), quite some other commands including a C99-capable $CC (see
160 mk/make-release.inc head, section "# Program stuff"), and optionally
161 perl(1). For example:
164 $ git checkout stable/stable
165 $ sh mk/make-release.sh grappa myrel # myrel created as necessary
166 Preparing a release on commit [.]
167 Grappa to be brought from stable/stable to myrel
168 Program version is [.], packager release addition shall be: 2
169 Is s-nail <v[.]-2> correct? [y/n] y
170 Switched to branch 'myrel'
172 $ git commit -S -n -m 'My release [.]-2'
174 - [stable/latest] and [stable/stable]
175 "Symbolic links" to the latest and stable, respectively, stable
178 These are possibly what users should track which want to have the
179 newest non-release bugfixes and stable, backward-compatible commits.
182 Rooted on top of [heirloom]. It gains only stable, but possibly
183 backward-incompatible changes (usually mentioned on the ML), and
184 will be used to create new entries in stable/. It may gain signed
185 commits for sealing purposes from time to time.
186 History will not be rewritten.
189 Rooted on top of [master], this consists of a furious mixture of
190 commits that eventually end up in [master]. Daring users may give
191 this branch a try, but bugs and temporary nonstarters have to be
195 Developer chaos. (Distributed horror backup - do not use!)
198 This branch contains the test output files. The test itself only
199 tests checksums, the full output is for development reference
202 - [unix-mail,bsd-Mail,timeline]
203 Sketchy efforts to collect the complete history of Unix mail and
204 its successor, BSD Mail. Anything from the pre-nail era has been
205 taken from CSRG and TUHS, for nail and Heirloom mailx i have used
208 The [timeline] branch was the original effort, and it will be
209 continuously extended whenever new releases will be made, but its
210 history will not be rewritten, which is why it is a sketchy effort.
211 The [unix-mail] and [bsd-Mail] branches have been added later, and
212 will hopefully offer the most complete picture possible as time goes
213 by (not taking into account the "nupas" effort of Research Unix,
214 though) -- this means their history may change, but all commits are
215 signed with an OpenPGP key.
218 A full git(1) cvsimport of the Heirloom mailx(1) cvs(1) repository
219 that ends with a tag named s-nail.
224 - CVE-2004-2771, and CVE-2014-7844.
225 http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q4/1066.
226 Fixed in: v14.7.9 (on day of announcement on oss-sec)
227 Note: Affected all BSD Mail-based codebases.
231 Fixed in: v14.8.16 (on day of disclosure)
232 P.S.: helper program renamed to -dotlock.
234 > vulnerability in the setuid root helper binary
236 > The problem is that an O_EXCL file is created with a user controlled
237 > path because the di.di_hostname and di.di_randstr are never checked.
238 > This means that using s-nail-privsep a normal user can create a file
239 > anywhere on the filesystem, which is a security problem.
244 Unix mail seems to have been written mostly by Ken Thompson.
246 Berkeley Mail was (according to def.h) developed by Kurt Shoens, dated
247 March 25, 1978. According to the CSRG commit log authors of BSD mail in
248 the time span 1980-10-08 to 1995-05-01 were, in order of appearance
249 (commit count): Kurt Shoens (379), Kirk McKusick (50), Carl Smith (16),
250 Bill Bush (2), Eric Allman (6), Craig Leres (43), Sam Leffler (51),
251 Ralph Campbell (21), Serge Granik (28), Edward Wang (253),
252 Donn Seeley (1), Jay Lepreau (3), Jim Bloom (1), Anne Hughes (2),
253 Kevin Dunlap (34), Keith Bostic (253), Mike Karels (1), Cael Staelin (6)
254 and Dave Borman (17). One commit by Charlie Root, 36 by "dist".
256 Official BSD Mail development ceased in 1995 according to the CSRG
257 (Berkeley's Computer Systems Research Group) repository. Mail has then
258 seen further development in open source BSD variants, noticeably by
259 Christos Zoulas in NetBSD.
261 Gunnar Ritter reused that codebase when he started developing nail in
262 February 2000, and incorporated numerous patches from OpenBSD, NetBSD,
263 RedHat and Debian. He added MIME code, network protocol support, and
264 POSIX conformance improvements. In March 2006, he integrated that
265 program into the Heirloom project, renaming it to Heirloom mailx, the
266 development of which ceased in 2008.
268 In 2012 Steffen (Daode) Nurpmeso adopted the codebase as S-nail.
269 We try to end up as S-mailx.