1 % ![SlunkCrypt](etc/img/SlunkCrypt-Logo.png)
6 SlunkCrypt is an experimental cross-platform cryptography library and command-line tool. A fully-featured GUI is provided for the Windows platform.
8 Please refer to the section [*encryption algorithm*](#encryption-algorithm) for more details!
10 For news and updates, please check out the official SlunkCrypt project web-site at: <https://lord_mulder.gitlab.io/slunkcrypt/>
16 Use of SlunkCrypt may be illegal in countries where encryption is outlawed. We believe it is legal to use SlunkCrypt in many countries all around the world, but we are not lawyers, and so if in doubt you should seek legal advice before downloading it. You may find useful information at [cryptolaw.org](http://www.cryptolaw.org/), which collects information on cryptography laws in many countries.
22 The SlunkCrypt library and the command-line application currently run on the following platforms:
24 * **Microsoft Windows** (Windows XP SP-3, or later) — i686, x86-64 and ARM64
25 * **Linux** (kernel version 3.17, or later) — i686, x86-64, ARM64 and MIPS
26 * **Various BSD flavors** (tested on NetBSD 9.2, FreeBSD 13.0 and OpenBSD 7.0) — i686 and x86-64
27 * **Solaris** (tested on Solaris 11.4 and OmniOS/illumos) — i686 and x86-64
28 * **GNU/Hurd** (tested on Debian GNU/Hurd 0.9) — i686
29 * **Haiku** (tested on Haiku R1/b3) — i686 and x86-64
30 * **Mac OS X** (tested on “Big Sur”) — x86-64 and ARM64
32 The SlunkCrypt GUI application currently runs on the following platforms:
34 * **Microsoft Windows** with .NET Framework 4.7.2 — can be installed on Windows 7 SP1, or later
40 This is how the graphical user interface (GUI) for SlunkCrypt looks on [Windows 11](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/0f/57/4c/0f574c445b497cc4748a9e1ab7491582--taps-funny-stuff.jpg):
42 ![](etc/img/SlunkCrypt-GUI.jpg)
47 Please be sure to install the **.NET Framework 4.7.2**, or any later *.NET Framework 4.x* version, before running the SlunkCrypt **Windows GUI** application:
48 <https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-framework>
50 ***Note:*** If you are running Windows 8.1 or later, then almost certainly a suitable version of the .NET Framework is already installed 😎
55 The following settings can be adjusted in the `slunkcrypt-gui.exe.config` configuration file:
57 - **`DisableBusyIndicator`:**
58 If set to `true`, the “busy indicator” animation will be *disabled* on application startup — default value: `false`.
61 Specifies the number of worker threads to use — default value: `0` (i.e. detect the number of available processors and create one thread for each processor).
63 - **`KeepIncompleteFiles`:**
64 If set to `true`, incomplete or corrupted output files will *not* be deleted — default value: `false`.
67 If set to `1`, show options to enable “legacy” compatibility-mode in the GUI; if set to `2`, select “legacy” compatibility-mode by default — default value: `0`.
72 This section describes the SlunkCypt command-line application.
77 The SlunkCypt command-line program is invoked as follows:
79 slunkcrypt --encrypt [pass:<pass>|file:<file>] <input.txt> <output.enc>
80 slunkcrypt --decrypt [pass:<pass>|file:<file>] <input.enc> <output.txt>
81 slunkcrypt --make-pw [<length>]
86 One of the following commands **must** be chosen:
88 - **`--encrypt` (`-e`):**
89 Run application in ***encrypt*** mode. Reads the given *plaintext* and generates *ciphertext*.
90 - **`--decrypt` (`-d`):**
91 Run application in ***decrypt*** mode. Reads the given *ciphertext* and restores *plaintext*.
92 - **`--make-pw` (`-p`):**
93 Generate a "strong" random passphrase, suitable for use with SlunkCrypt.
94 - **`--self-test` (`-t`):**
95 Run the application in ***self-test*** mode. Program will exit after all test are completed.
100 The following command-line options are available:
103 * Specifies the "secret" passphrase directly on the command-line. This is considered *insecure*.
105 * Specifies a file to read the passphrase from. Only the *first* line of the file will be read!
106 * *Note:* It is also possible to specify **`-`** in order to read the passphrase from the *stdin*.
108 * In ***encrypt*** mode – specifies the *plaintext* file (unencrypted information) that is to be encrypted.
109 * In ***decrypt*** mode – specifies the *ciphertext* file (result of encryption) that is to be decrypted.
111 * In ***encrypt*** mode – specifies the file where the *ciphertext* (result of encryption) will be stored.
112 * In ***decrypt*** mode – specifies the file where the *plaintext* (unencrypted information) will be stored.
114 * Specifies the length of the passphrase to be generated. If *not* specified, defaults to 24.
116 ### Remarks {.unlisted}
118 - The same passphrase must be used for both, ***encrypt*** and ***decrypt*** mode. The decryption of the ciphertext will only be possible, if the "correct" passphrase is known. It is recommended to choose a "random" password that is at least 12 characters in length and consists of a mix of upper-case characters, lower-case characters, digits as well as special characters.
120 - Passing the passphrase directly on the command-line is insecure, because the full command-line may be visible to other users!
125 The following environment variables may be used:
127 - **`SLUNK_PASSPHRASE`**:
128 Specifies the "secret" passphrase. This environment variables is only evaluated, if the passphrase was **not** specified on the command-line.
129 Passing the passphrase via environment variable is considered more secure, because environment variables are not normally visible to other (unprivileged) users.
131 - **`SLUNK_KEEP_INCOMPLETE`**:
132 If set to a *non-zero* value, incomplete or corrupted output files will **not** be deleted automatically. By default, the files will be deleted.
134 - **`SLUNK_THREADS`**:
135 Specifies the number of worker threads to use. By default, SlunkCrypt detects the number of available processors and creates one thread for each processor.
137 - **`SLUNK_LEGACY_COMPAT`**:
138 If set to a *non-zero* value, enables “legacy” compatibility-mode, required to decrypt files encrypted with SlunkCrypt version 1.2.x or older.
140 - **`SLUNK_DEBUG_LOGGING`**:
141 If set to a *non-zero* value, enables additional logging output to the syslog (Unix-like) or to the debugger (Windows). This is intended for debugging purposes only!
146 Here are some examples on how to use the SlunkCrypt command-line application:
148 ### Example #1 {.unlisted}
150 1. Let's generate a new random (secure) password first:
156 cdG2=fh<C=3[SSCzf[)iDjIV
158 2. Now, encrypt the plaintext message, using the generated password:
160 slunkcrypt --encrypt pass:"cdG2=fh<C=3[SSCzf[)iDjIV" plaintext.txt ciphertext.enc
162 Optionally, let's have a look at the ciphertext:
164 hexdump -C ciphertext.enc
166 3. Finally, decrypt the ciphertext, using the same password as before:
168 slunkcrypt --decrypt pass:"cdG2=fh<C=3[SSCzf[)iDjIV" ciphertext.enc plaintext.out
170 Optionally, verify that the decrypted file is identical to the original:
172 sha256sum -b plaintext.txt plaintext.out
174 ### Example #2 {.unlisted}
176 1. Generate a new password and store it to a text file:
178 slunkcrypt --make-pw > passwd.txt
180 Optionally, output the generated password to the terminal:
184 2. Encrypt file by reading the password from the text file:
186 slunkcrypt --encrypt file:passwd.txt plaintext.txt ciphertext.enc
188 ### Example #3 {.unlisted}
190 1. Generate a new password directly to an environment variable:
192 MY_PASSWD="$(slunkcrypt --make-pw)"
194 Optionally, output the generated password to the terminal:
198 2. Encrypt file by reading the password from the *stdin*:
200 slunkcrypt --encrypt - plaintext.txt ciphertext.enc <<< "${MY_PASSWD}"
206 SlunkCrypt is based on concepts of the well-known [**Enigma**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_machine) machine, but with significant improvements, largely inspired by [***Ross Anderson – “A Modern Rotor Machine”***](https://rdcu.be/cBo8y).
208 A great explanation and visualization of how the *original* Enigma machine works can be found in [***this***](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybkkiGtJmkM) video.
213 This section summarizes the improvements that have been implemented in SlunkCrypt:
215 - The original Enigma machine had only *three* (or, in some models, *four*) rotors, plus a static "reflector" wheel. In SlunkCrypt, we uses **256** simulated rotors for an improved security. Furthermore, the original Enigma machine supported only 26 distinct symbols, i.e. the letters `A` to `Z`. In SlunkCrypt, we use **256** distinct symbols, i.e. the byte values `0x00` to `0xFF`, which allows the encryption (and decryption) of arbitrary streams of bytes, rather than just plain text. Of course, SlunkCrypt can encrypt (and decrypt) text files as well.
217 - In the original Enigma machine, the signal passes through the rotors *twice*, once in forward direction and then again in backwards direction – thus the "reflector" wheel. This way, the Enigma's encryption was made *involutory*, i.e. encryption and decryption were the same operation. While this was highly convenient, it also severely weakened the cryptographic strength of the Enigma machine, because the number of possible permutations was reduced drastically! This is one of the main reasons why the Enigma machine eventually was defeated. In SlunkCrypt, the signal passes through the simulated rotors just *once*, in order to maximize the number of possible permutations. This eliminates the most important known weakness of the Enigma machine. Obviously, in SlunkCrypt, separate "modes" for encryption and decryption need to be provided, since encryption and decryption *no* longer are the same operation.
219 - In the original Enigma machine, the rightmost rotor was moved, by one step, after every symbol. Meanwhile, all other rotors were moved, by one step, *only* when their right-hand neighbor had completed a full turn – much like the odometer in a car. The fact that most of the rotors remained in the same "static" position most of the time was an important weakness of the Enigma machine. Also, the sequence of the Enigma's rotor positions started to repeat after only 16,900 characters. SlunkCrypt employs an improved stepping algorithm, based on a ***linear-feedback shift register* (LSFR)**, ensuring that *all* rotors move frequently and in a "randomized" unpredictable pattern. The rotor positions of SlunkCrypt practically *never* repeat.
221 - The internal wiring of each of the original Enigma machine's rotors was *fixed*. Each rotor "type" came with a different internal wiring (i.e. permutation). Some models had up to eight rotor "types" to choose from, but only three or four rotors were used at a time. Nonetheless, the internal wiring (i.e. permutation) of each of the supplied rotors was **not** modifiable. This severely restricted the key space of the Enigma machine, as far as the rotors are concerned, because *only* the order of the rotors and the initial position of each rotor could be varied. In SlunkCrypt, a fully *randomized* wiring (i.e. permutation) is generated from the passphrase for each of the 256 simulated rotors. The initial rotor positions are *randomized* as well.
223 - SlunkCrypt does **not** currently implement the *plugboard* (“Steckerbrett”). Even though the plugboard significantly contributed to the key space of the original Engima machine, it was simply a *fixed* substitution cipher. SlunkCrypt already has a ***much*** bigger key space than that of the original Engine machine, because the number of rotors is substantially larger and because the internal wiring of these rotors is completely key-dependant. Therefore, adding a plugboard would *not* contribute notably to SlunkCrypt's cryptographic strength.
228 This section explains some crucial implementation details of the SlunkCrypt library:
230 * **DRBG:** The *deterministic random bit generator* (DRBG) employed by SlunkCrypt is called [*Xorwow*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xorshift#xorwow), an enhanced variant of *Xorshift* , i.e. a form of *linear-feedback shift registers (LSFR)*.
232 * **Initialization (key schedule):** In the initialization phase, the *pseudo-random* internal wiring (i.e. permutation) is generated – separately for each of the 256 rotors. For this purpose, the initial state of the DRBG is set up in a way that depends on the given *passphrase*, a message-specific *nonce* as well as the current *rotor index*. More specifically, the initial state of the DRBG is derived from a combination of all input parameters, by applying a <u>large</u> number of iterations of the *FNV‑1a 128-Bit* hash function. The permutation for the current rotor is then created by the ***Fisher‑Yates*** shuffle algorithm, using the DRBG as its randomness source. This produces a distinct "randomized" internal rotor wiring for each message to be encrypted.
234 * **Message processing:** During the encryption or decryption process, the individual offsets (positions) of the first 8 rotors are controlled by a 64-Bit counter, whereas the offsets of the remaining 248 rotors are continuously "randomized" by the DRBG. The initial counter value as well as the initial state of the DRBG are set up in a way that depends on the given *passphrase* and a message-specific *nonce*. Also, after each symbol that was processed, the counter is incremented by one and new *pseudo-random* offsets (rotor positions) are drawn.
236 * **Checksum:** The message-length is padded to a multiple of 8 bytes and a 64-Bit [BLAKE2s](https://www.blake2.net/) hash is appended, *before* encryption. This "checksum" can be used to detect decryption errors.
239 Programming Interface (API)
240 ===========================
242 This section describes the SlunkCypt library interface for software developers.
247 In order to use the SlunkCypt library in your C++ code, include **`<slunkcrypt.hpp>`** header and instantiate the appropriate SlunkCypt classes:
249 ### Example #1 {.unlisted}
251 Here is a simple example on how to use the SlunkCrypt [**`Encryptor`**](#encryptor) class:
253 #include <slunkcrypt.hpp>
259 /* Open input and output files here */
260 uint8_t buffer[BUFF_SIZE];
261 slunkcrypt::Encryptor slunk_encrypt(passphrase);
264 input.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(buffer), BUFF_SIZE);
265 if ((!input.bad()) && (input.gcount() > 0))
267 if (!slunk_encrypt.inplace(buffer, (size_t)input.gcount()))
269 /* Implement error handling here */
271 output.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(buffer), count);
274 std::cout << std::hex << slunk_encrypt.get_nonce() << std::endl;
277 ### Example #2 {.unlisted}
279 Here is a simple example on how to use the SlunkCrypt [**`Decryptor`**](#decryptor) class:
281 #include <slunkcrypt.hpp>
287 /* Open input and output files here */
288 uint8_t buffer[BUFF_SIZE];
289 slunkcrypt::Decryptor slunk_decrypt(passphrase, nonce);
292 input.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(buffer), BUFF_SIZE);
293 if ((!input.bad()) && (input.gcount() > 0))
295 if (!slunk_decrypt.inplace(buffer, (size_t)input.gcount()))
297 /* Implement error handling here */
299 output.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(buffer), count);
307 This section describes the "high-level" C++11 API of the SlunkCrypt library. All SlunkCrypt classes live in the **`slunkcrypt`** namespace.
311 Class for *encrypting* data using the SlunkCrypt library.
315 Create and initialize a new **``Encryptor``** instance. Also generated a new, random nonce.
317 Encryptor::Encryptor(
318 const std::string &passwd,
319 const size_t thread_count = 0U,
320 const bool legacy_compat = false,
321 const bool debug_logging = false
327 The password to "protect" the message. The password is given as an `std::string`, e.g. UTF-8 encoded characters. The same password **may** be used to encrypt *multiple* messages. Also, the same password **must** be used for both, encryption *and* decryption; it will *only* be possible decrypt the ciphertext, if the "correct" password is known. The password must be kept confidential under all circumstances!
329 *Note:* In order to thwart *brute force* attacks, it is recommended to choose a "random" password that is at least 12 characters in length and that consists of upper-case characters, lower-case characters, digits as well as other "special" characters.
332 Specifies the number of worker threads to use (optional). By default, SlunkCrypt detects the number of available processors and creates one thread for each processor.
335 Enables "legacy" compatibility-mode; required to encrypt messages in a way that allows decryption with SlunkCrypt version 1.2.x or earlier. Option is disabled by default.
338 Enables additional debug logging. Messages are written to the syslog (Unix-like) or to the debugger (Windows). Option is disabled by default.
342 * Throws `std::runtime_error`, if the nonce could not be generated, or if the SlunkCrypt context could not be allocated.
344 #### Encryptor::process() [1]
346 Encrypt the next message chunk, using separate input/output buffers.
349 const uint8_t *const input,
350 uint8_t *const output,
357 A pointer to the *input* buffer containing the next chunk of the plaintext to be encrypted. The plaintext is given as a byte array (`uint8_t`). This can be arbitrary binary data, e.g. UTF-8 encoded text. NULL bytes are **not** treated specially.
359 The *input* buffer must contain *at least* `length` bytes of data. If the buffer is longer than `length` bytes, then only the first `length` bytes will be processed and the remainder is ignored!
362 A pointer to the *output* buffer where the ciphertext chunk that corresponds to the given plaintext chunk will be stored. The ciphertext is stored as a byte array (`uint8_t`); it has the same length as the plaintext data.
364 The *output* buffer must provide sufficient space for storing *at least* `length` bytes of encrypted data. If the buffer is longer than `length` bytes, then only the first `length` bytes of the buffer will be filled with encrypted data!
367 The length of the plaintext chunk contained in the *input* buffer given by the `input` parameter, in bytes. At the same time, this determines the minimum required size of the *output* buffer given by the `output` parameters, in bytes.
369 *Note:* It is recommended to process chunks of at least ∼64 KB each, in order to take full advantage of multi-threading.
373 * If successful, `true` is returned; otherwise `false` is returned.
375 #### Encryptor::process() [2]
377 Encrypt the next message chunk, using separate input/output containers (`std::vector`).
380 const std::vector<uint8_t> &input,
381 std::vector<uint8_t> &output
387 A reference to the `std::vector<uint8_t>` instance containing the next chunk of the plaintext to be encrypted. This can be arbitrary binary data, e.g. UTF-8 encoded text. NULL bytes are **not** treated specially.
390 A reference to the `std::vector<uint8_t>` instance where the ciphertext that corresponds to the given plaintext will be stored.
392 The `output.size()` must be *greater than or equal* to `input.size()`. If the `output.size()` is larger than the `input.size()`, then only the first `input.size()` elements of `output` will be filled with encrypted data!
396 * If successful, `true` is returned; otherwise `false` is returned. The function fails, if the *output* `std::vector` is too small.
398 #### Encryptor::inplace() [1]
400 Encrypt the next message chunk, using a single buffer.
403 uint8_t *const buffer,
410 A pointer to the buffer initially containing the next chunk of the plaintext to be encrypted. The plaintext is given as a byte array (`uint8_t`). This can be arbitrary binary data, e.g. UTF-8 encoded text. NULL bytes are **not** treated specially. The ciphertext chunk that corresponds to the given plaintext chunk will be stored to the *same* buffer, thus replacing the plaintext data.
412 The buffer must initially contain *at least* `length` bytes of input data; the first `length` bytes of the buffer will be overwritten with the encrypted data. If the buffer is longer than `length` bytes, then only the first `length` bytes will be processed and overwritten.
415 The length of the plaintext chunk initially contained in the input/output buffer given by the `buffer` parameter, in bytes. At the same time, this determines the portion of the input/output buffer that will be overwritten with encrypted data, in bytes.
417 *Note:* It is recommended to process chunks of at least ∼64 KB each, in order to take full advantage of multi-threading.
421 * If successful, `true` is returned; otherwise `false` is returned.
423 #### Encryptor::inplace() [2]
425 Encrypt the next message chunk, using a single container (`std::vector`).
428 std::vector<uint8_t> &buffer
434 A reference to the `std::vector<uint8_t>` initially containing the next chunk of the plaintext to be encrypted. This can be arbitrary binary data, e.g. UTF-8 encoded text. NULL bytes are **not** treated specially. The ciphertext chunk that corresponds to the given plaintext chunk will be stored to the *same* `std::vector<uint8_t>`, thus replacing all the plaintext data.
438 * If successful, `true` is returned; otherwise `false` is returned.
440 #### Encryptor::get_nonce()
442 Retrieve the random nonce that is used to encrypt the message.
444 uint64_t get_nonce();
448 * Returns the nonce that is used to encrypt the message. The purpose of the nonce is to ensure that each message will be encrypted differently, even when the same password is used to encrypt multiple (possibly identical) messages. Therefore, a new random nonce must be chosen for each message! It is not necessary to keep the nonce confidential, but the same nonce must be used for both, encryption and decryption. Typically, the nonce is stored/transmitted alongside the ciphertext.
450 *Note:* The `Encryptor` class automatically generates a new, random nonce for each message to be encrypted. Use *this* function to retrieve that nonce, so that it can be passed to `Decryptor` for decryption later.
454 Class for *decrypting* data using the SlunkCrypt library.
458 Create and initialize a new **``Decryptor``** instance.
460 Decryptor::Decryptor(
461 const std::string &passwd,
462 const uint64_t nonce,
463 const size_t thread_count = 0U,
464 const bool legacy_compat = false,
465 const bool debug_logging = false
471 The password to "protect" the message. The password is given as an `std::string`, e.g. UTF-8 encoded characters. The same password **may** be used to encrypt *multiple* messages. Also, the same password **must** be used for both, encryption *and* decryption; it will *only* be possible decrypt the ciphertext, if the "correct" password is known. The password must be kept confidential under all circumstances!
473 *Note:* In order to thwart *brute force* attacks, it is recommended to choose a "random" password that is at least 12 characters in length and that consists of upper-case characters, lower-case characters, digits as well as other "special" characters.
476 The *nonce* (number used once) to be used for the decryption process. The purpose of the nonce is to ensure that each message will be encrypted differently, even when the same password is used to encrypt *multiple* (possibly identical) messages. Therefore, a new *random* nonce **must** be chosen for each message! It is *not* necessary to keep the nonce confidential, but the same nonce **must** be used for both, encryption *and* decryption. Typically, the nonce is stored/transmitted alongside the ciphertext.
478 *Note:* The `Encryptor` class automatically generates a new, random nonce for each message to be encrypted. Use `Encryptor::get_nonce()` to retrieve that nonce, so that it can be passed to `Decryptor` for decryption later.
481 Specifies the number of worker threads to use (optional). By default, SlunkCrypt detects the number of available processors and creates one thread for each processor.
484 Enables "legacy" compatibility-mode; required to decrypt messages that were encrypted with SlunkCrypt version 1.2.x or earlier. Option is disabled by default.
487 Enables additional debug logging. Messages are written to the syslog (Unix-like) or to the debugger (Windows). Option is disabled by default.
491 * Throws `std::runtime_error`, if the SlunkCrypt context could not be allocated.
493 #### Decryptor::process() [1]
495 Decrypt the next message chunk, using separate input/output buffers.
498 const uint8_t *const input,
499 uint8_t *const output,
506 A pointer to the *input* buffer containing the next chunk of the ciphertext to be decrypted. The ciphertext is given as a byte array (`uint8_t`).
508 The *input* buffer must contain *at least* `length` bytes of data. If the buffer is longer than `length` bytes, then only the first `length` bytes will be processed and the remainder is ignored!
511 A pointer to the *output* buffer where the plaintext chunk that corresponds to the given ciphertext chunk will be stored. The plaintext is stored as a byte array (`uint8_t`); it has the same length as the ciphertext data.
513 The *output* buffer must provide sufficient space for storing *at least* `length` bytes of decrypted data. If the buffer is longer than `length` bytes, then only the first `length` bytes of the buffer will be filled with decrypted data!
516 The length of the ciphertext chunk contained in the *input* buffer given by the `input` parameter, in bytes. At the same time, this determines the minimum required size of the *output* buffer given by the `output` parameters, in bytes.
518 *Note:* It is recommended to process chunks of at least ∼64 KB each, in order to take full advantage of multi-threading.
522 * If successful, `true` is returned; otherwise `false` is returned.
524 #### Decryptor::process() [2]
526 Decrypt the next message chunk, using separate input/output containers (`std::vector`).
529 const std::vector<uint8_t> &input,
530 std::vector<uint8_t> &output
536 A reference to the `std::vector<uint8_t>` instance containing the next chunk of the ciphertext to be decrypted.
539 A reference to the `std::vector<uint8_t>` instance where the plaintext that corresponds to the given ciphertext will be stored.
541 The `output.size()` must be *greater than or equal* to `input.size()`. If the `output.size()` is greater than the `input.size()`, then only the first `input.size()` elements of `output` will be filled with decrypted data!
545 * If successful, `true` is returned; otherwise `false` is returned. The function fails, if the *output* `std::vector` is too small.
547 #### Decryptor::inplace() [1]
549 Decrypt the next message chunk, using a single buffer.
552 uint8_t *const buffer,
559 A pointer to the buffer initially containing the next chunk of the ciphertext to be decrypted. The ciphertext is given as a byte array (`uint8_t`). The plaintext that corresponds to the given ciphertext will be stored to the *same* buffer, replacing the plaintext data.
561 The buffer must initially contain *at least* `length` bytes of input data; the first `length` bytes of the buffer will be overwritten with the encrypted data. If the buffer is longer than `length` bytes, then only the first `length` bytes will be processed and overwritten.
564 The length of the ciphertext chunk initially contained in the input/output buffer given by the `buffer` parameter, in bytes. At the same time, this determines the portion of the input/output buffer that will be overwritten with decrypted data, in bytes.
566 *Note:* It is recommended to process chunks of at least ∼64 KB each, in order to take full advantage of multi-threading.
570 * If successful, `true` is returned; otherwise `false` is returned.
572 #### Decryptor::inplace() [2]
574 Decrypt the next message chunk, using a single container (`std::vector`).
577 std::vector<uint8_t> &buffer
583 A reference to the `std::vector<uint8_t>` initially containing the next chunk of the ciphertext to be decrypted. The plaintext that corresponds to the given ciphertext will be stored to the *same* `std::vector<uint8_t>`, replacing all the ciphertext data.
587 * If successful, `true` is returned; otherwise `false` is returned.
592 This section describes the "low-level" C99 API of the SlunkCypt library.
596 The SlunkCypt library defines the following functions:
598 #### slunkcrypt_alloc()
600 Allocate and initialize a new SlunkCrypt encryption/decryption context.
602 slunkcrypt_t slunkcrypt_alloc(
603 const uint64_t nonce,
604 const uint8_t *const passwd,
605 const size_t passwd_len,
612 The *nonce* (number used once) to be used for the encryption/decryption process. The purpose of the nonce is to ensure that each message will be encrypted differently, even when the same password is used to encrypt *multiple* (possibly identical) messages. Therefore, a new *random* nonce **must** be chosen for each message to be encrypted! It is *not* necessary to keep the nonce confidential, but the same nonce **must** be used for both, encryption *and* decryption. Typically, the nonce is stored/transmitted alongside the ciphertext.
614 *Note:* It is recommended to generate a random nonce via the [`slunkcrypt_generate_nonce()`](#slunkcrypt_generate_nonce) function for each message!
617 The password to "protect" the message. The password is given as a byte array (`uint8_t`), e.g. UTF-8 encoded characters; a terminating NULL character is *not* required, as the length of the password is specified explicitly. The same password **may** be used to encrypt *multiple* messages. Also, the same password **must** be used for both, encryption *and* decryption; it will *only* be possible decrypt the ciphertext, if the "correct" password is known. The password must be kept confidential under all circumstances!
619 *Note:* In order to thwart *brute force* attacks, it is recommended to choose a "random" password that is at least 12 characters in length and that consists of upper-case characters, lower-case characters, digits as well as other "special" characters.
622 The length of password given by the `passwd` parameter, in bytes, **not** counting a terminating NULL character. The minimum/maximum length of the password are given by the `SLUNKCRYPT_PWDLEN_MIN` and `SLUNKCRYPT_PWDLEN_MAX` constants, respectively.
625 The mode of operation. Use `SLUNKCRYPT_ENCRYPT` in order to set up this context for *encryption*, or use `SLUNKCRYPT_DECRYPT` in order to set up this context for *decryption*.
629 * If successful, a handle to the new SlunkCrypt context is return; otherwise `SLUNKCRYPT_NULL` is returned.
631 *Note:* Applications **should** treat `slunkcrypt_t` as an *opaque* handle type. Also, as soon as the SlunkCrypt context is *not* needed anymore, the application **shall** call [`slunkcrypt_free()`](#slunkcrypt_free) in order to "erase" and de-allocate that context. If a SlunkCrypt context is *not* de-allocated properly, it will result in a memory leak!
633 #### slunkcrypt_alloc_ext()
635 Allocate and initialize a new SlunkCrypt encryption/decryption context with additional parameters.
637 slunkcrypt_t slunkcrypt_alloc_ext(
638 const uint64_t nonce,
639 const uint8_t *const passwd,
640 const size_t passwd_len,
642 const slunkparam_t *const param
648 The *nonce* (number used once) to be used for the encryption/decryption process. The purpose of the nonce is to ensure that each message will be encrypted differently, even when the same password is used to encrypt *multiple* (possibly identical) messages. Therefore, a new *random* nonce **must** be chosen for each message to be encrypted! It is *not* necessary to keep the nonce confidential, but the same nonce **must** be used for both, encryption *and* decryption. Typically, the nonce is stored/transmitted alongside the ciphertext.
650 *Note:* It is recommended to generate a random nonce via the [`slunkcrypt_generate_nonce()`](#slunkcrypt_generate_nonce) function for each message!
653 The password to "protect" the message. The password is given as a byte array (`uint8_t`), e.g. UTF-8 encoded characters; a terminating NULL character is *not* required, as the length of the password is specified explicitly. The same password **may** be used to encrypt *multiple* messages. Also, the same password **must** be used for both, encryption *and* decryption; it will *only* be possible decrypt the ciphertext, if the "correct" password is known. The password must be kept confidential under all circumstances!
655 *Note:* In order to thwart *brute force* attacks, it is recommended to choose a "random" password that is at least 12 characters in length and that consists of upper-case characters, lower-case characters, digits as well as other "special" characters.
658 The length of password given by the `passwd` parameter, in bytes, **not** counting a terminating NULL character. The minimum/maximum length of the password are given by the `SLUNKCRYPT_PWDLEN_MIN` and `SLUNKCRYPT_PWDLEN_MAX` constants, respectively.
661 The mode of operation. Use `SLUNKCRYPT_ENCRYPT` in order to set up this context for *encryption*, or use `SLUNKCRYPT_DECRYPT` in order to set up this context for *decryption*.
664 Additional parameters used to initialize the SlunkCrypt context, given as a pointer to a [`slunkparam_t`](#slunkcrypt-parameters) struct. The memory for the struct must be allocated by the caller and SlunkCrypt does **not** take owner ship of this memory; it will *copy* the relevant fields. The caller is responsible to free the struct; it can be allocated with automatic storage duration.
668 * If successful, a handle to the new SlunkCrypt context is return; otherwise `SLUNKCRYPT_NULL` is returned.
670 *Note:* Applications **should** treat `slunkcrypt_t` as an *opaque* handle type. Also, as soon as the SlunkCrypt context is *not* needed anymore, the application **shall** call [`slunkcrypt_free()`](#slunkcrypt_free) in order to "erase" and de-allocate that context. If a SlunkCrypt context is *not* de-allocated properly, it will result in a memory leak!
672 #### slunkcrypt_reset()
674 Re-initialize an existing SlunkCrypt encryption/decryption context.
676 int slunkcrypt_reset(
677 const slunkcrypt_t context,
678 const uint64_t nonce,
679 const uint8_t *const passwd,
680 const size_t passwd_len,
687 The existing SlunkCrypt context to be re-initialized. This must be a valid handle that was returned by a previous invocation of the [`slunkcrypt_alloc()`](#slunkcrypt_alloc) function.
689 * *other parameters*:
690 Please refer to the [`slunkcrypt_alloc()`](#slunkcrypt_alloc) function for details!
694 * If successful, `SLUNKCRYPT_SUCCESS` is returned; otherwise `SLUNKCRYPT_FAILURE` or `SLUNKCRYPT_ABORTED` is returned.
696 #### slunkcrypt_free()
698 De-allocate an existing SlunkCrypt encryption/decryption context. This will "clear" and release any memory occupied by the context.
700 void slunkcrypt_free(
701 const slunkcrypt_t context
707 The existing SlunkCrypt context to be de-allocated. This must be a valid handle that was returned by a previous invocation of the [`slunkcrypt_alloc()`](#slunkcrypt_alloc) function.
709 *Note:* Once a handle has been passed to this function, that handle is *invalidated* and **must not** be used again!
711 #### slunkcrypt_generate_nonce()
713 Generate a new random *nonce* (number used once), using the system's "cryptographically secure" entropy source.
715 int slunkcrypt_generate_nonce(
722 A pointer to a variable of type `int64_t` that receives the new random nonce.
726 * If successful, `SLUNKCRYPT_SUCCESS` is returned; otherwise `SLUNKCRYPT_FAILURE` or `SLUNKCRYPT_ABORTED` is returned.
728 #### slunkcrypt_process()
730 Encrypt or decrypt the next message chunk, using separate input/output buffers.
732 int slunkcrypt_process(
733 const slunkcrypt_t context,
734 const uint8_t *const input,
735 uint8_t *const output,
742 The existing SlunkCrypt context to be used for processing the message chunk. This context will be updated.
744 *Note:* This function operates either in "encryption" mode or in "decryption" mode, depending on how the given SlunkCrypt context has been [initialized](#slunkcrypt_alloc) or [re-initialized](#slunkcrypt_reset).
747 A pointer to the *input* buffer containing the next chunk of the plaintext to be encrypted (*encryption* mode), or the next chunk of the ciphertext to be decrypted (*decryption* mode). The input data is given as a byte array (`uint8_t`). This can be arbitrary binary data, e.g. UTF-8 encoded text. NULL bytes are **not** treated specially by this function.
749 The *input* buffer must contain *at least* `length` bytes of data. If the buffer is longer than `length` bytes, then only the first `length` bytes will be processed; the remainder is ignored!
752 A pointer to the *output* buffer where the ciphertext that corresponds to the given plaintext chunk (*encryption* mode), or the plaintext that corresponds to the given ciphertext chunk (*decryption* mode) will be stored. The output data is stored as a byte array (`uint8_t`) and it always has the same length as the input data.
754 The *output* buffer **must** provide sufficient space for storing *at least* `length` bytes. If the buffer is longer than `length` bytes, then only the first `length` bytes will be filled!
757 The length of the given plaintext chunk (*encryption* mode), or the length of the given ciphertext chunk (*decryption* mode) in the `input` buffer, in bytes. At the same time, this parameter determines the minimum required size of the `output` buffer, in bytes. If this parameter is set to *zero*, the function does nothing; this is *not* considered an error.
759 *Note:* It is recommended to process chunks of at least ∼64 KB each, in order to take full advantage of multi-threading.
763 * If successful, `SLUNKCRYPT_SUCCESS` is returned; otherwise `SLUNKCRYPT_FAILURE` or `SLUNKCRYPT_ABORTED` is returned.
765 #### slunkcrypt_inplace()
767 Encrypt or decrypt the next message chunk, using a *single* input/output buffer.
769 int slunkcrypt_inplace(
770 const slunkcrypt_t context,
771 uint8_t *const buffer,
778 The existing SlunkCrypt context to be used for processing the message chunk. This context will be updated.
780 *Note:* This function operates either in "encryption" mode or in "decryption" mode, depending on how the given SlunkCrypt context has been [initialized](#slunkcrypt_alloc) or [re-initialized](#slunkcrypt_reset).
783 A pointer to the buffer containing the next chunk of the plaintext to be encrypted (*encryption* mode), or the next chunk of the ciphertext to be decrypted (*decryption* mode). The input data is given as a byte array (`uint8_t`). This can be arbitrary binary data, e.g. UTF-8 encoded text. NULL bytes are **not** treated specially by this function. The ciphertext that corresponds to the given plaintext chunk (*encryption* mode), or the plaintext that corresponds to the given ciphertext chunk (*decryption* mode) will be stored to the ***same*** buffer.
785 The given buffer **must** initially contain *at least* `length` bytes of input data. The first `length` bytes in the buffer will be processed and will be *overwritten* with the corresponding output data. If the buffer is longer than `length` bytes, then only the first `length` bytes in the buffer will be processed; the remainder is ignored!
788 The length of the plaintext chunk (*encryption* mode), or the length of the ciphertext chunk (*decryption* mode) initially contained in the input/output buffer, in bytes.
790 *Note:* It is recommended to process chunks of at least ∼64 KB each, in order to take full advantage of multi-threading.
794 * If successful, `SLUNKCRYPT_SUCCESS` is returned; otherwise `SLUNKCRYPT_FAILURE` or `SLUNKCRYPT_ABORTED` is returned.
796 #### slunkcrypt_random_bytes()
798 Generate a sequence of random bytes, using the system's "cryptographically secure" entropy source.
800 size_t slunkcrypt_random_bytes(
801 uint8_t *const buffer,
808 A pointer to the *output* buffer where the random bytes will be stored.
810 The *output* buffer **must** provide sufficient space for storing *at least* `length` bytes of random data. *At most* the first `length` bytes of the buffer will be filled with random data!
813 The number of random bytes to be generated. At the same time, this parameter determines the minimum required size of the `output` buffer, in bytes.
817 * The number of random bytes that have been generated and that have been stored to the `output` buffer buffer is returned.
819 The number of generated random bytes can be *at most* `length`. Less than `length` random bytes will be generated, if and only if the the system's "cryptographically secure" entropy source could *not* provide the requested number of bytes at this time – in that case, you can try again later. The number of generated bytes can be as low as **0**.
822 #### slunkcrypt_bzero()
824 Erase the contents of a byte array, by overwriting it with *zero* bytes. Compiler optimizations will **not** remove the erase operation.
826 void slunkcrypt_bzero(
834 A pointer to the buffer whose content is to be erased.
836 The buffer **must** be *at least* `length` bytes in size. If the buffer is longer than `length` bytes, then *only* the first `length` bytes of the buffer will be erased!
839 The size of the buffer to be erased, in bytes.
843 #### SlunkCrypt parameters
845 The `slunkparam_t` struct is used to pass additional parameters that will be used for initializing the SlunkCrypt context. It contains the following fields:
847 * `version` – The version of the parameter struct; **must** be set to *`SLUNKCRYPT_PARAM_VERSION`*.
848 * `thread_count` – The number of worker threads to use. If this parameter is set to **0**, which is the *default* value, then SlunkCrypt automatically detects the number of available (logical) processors and creates one thread for each processor. Also, the number of threads is capped to a maximum of `MAX_THREADS` (currently defined as **32**).
849 * `legacy_compat` – If set to *`SLUNKCRYPT_TRUE`*, enables "legacy" compatibility-mode; required to decrypt messages that were encrypted with SlunkCrypt version 1.2.x or earlier.
850 * `debug_logging` – If set to *`SLUNKCRYPT_TRUE`*, enables additional debug logging; messages are written to the syslog (Unix-like) or to the debugger (Windows).
854 The SlunkCypt library defines the following global variables:
856 #### Version information
858 These variables can be used to determine the version of the SlunkCrypt library at runtime, using the [semantic versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html) scheme:
860 * `const uint16_t SLUNKCRYPT_VERSION_MAJOR` – The current *major* version.
861 * `const uint16_t SLUNKCRYPT_VERSION_MINOR` – The current *minor* version.
862 * `const uint16_t SLUNKCRYPT_VERSION_PATCH` – The current *patch* version.
863 * `const char *SLUNKCRYPT_BUILD` – The build date and time, as a C string, in the *`"mmm dd yyyy, hh:mm:ss"`* format.
867 If this flag is set to a non-zero value by the application, any ongoing SlunkCypt library invocation will be aborted as quickly as possible:
869 * `volatile int g_slunkcrypt_abort_flag` – The global abort flag.
871 *Note:* Applications may set this flag in their signal handler, e.g. when a `SIGINT` is received, in order to "gracefully" shut down the SlunkCypt library. All long-running library functions will return `SLUNKCRYPT_ABORTED`, if the invocation was interrupted. The application still is responsible for [free](#slunkcrypt_free)'ing any SlunkCypt contexts that it allocated successfully!
875 The SlunkCypt library defines the following constants:
877 #### Mode of operation
879 The SlunkCypt library supports the following modes of operation:
881 * `SLUNKCRYPT_ENCRYPT` – Run library in *encryption* mode, i.e. consume plaintext and produce ciphertext.
882 * `SLUNKCRYPT_DECRYPT` – Run library in *decryption* mode, i.e. consume ciphertext and produce plaintext.
886 The following limits are defined for the SlunkCypt library:
888 * `SLUNKCRYPT_PWDLEN_MIN` – The *minimum* required length of a password, currently **8** bytes.
889 * `SLUNKCRYPT_PWDLEN_MAX` – The *maximum* allowed length of a password, currently **256** bytes.
893 SlunkCypt library functions that return an error code may return one of the following constants:
895 * `SLUNKCRYPT_SUCCESS` – The operation completed successfully.
896 * `SLUNKCRYPT_FAILURE` – The operation has failed.
897 * `SLUNKCRYPT_ABORTED` – The operation was aborted before completion, as requested by the application.
902 The following functions are fully "thread-safe" and thus may safely be called by *any* thread at *any* time ***without*** the need for synchronization:
904 * `slunkcrypt_alloc()`
905 * `slunkcrypt_generate_nonce()`
906 * `slunkcrypt_random_bytes()`
907 * `slunkcrypt_bzero()`
908 * `Encryptor::Encryptor()`
909 * `Decryptor::Decryptor()`
911 The following functions are "reentrant" and thus may safely be called by *any* thread at *any* time ***without*** the need for synchronization – provided that each instance of `slunkcrypt_t`, `Encryptor` or `Decryptor` is "owned" by a *single* thread **and** that each instance will *exclusively* be access by its respective "owner" thread:
913 * `slunkcrypt_reset()`
914 * `slunkcrypt_free()`
915 * `slunkcrypt_process()`
916 * `slunkcrypt_inplace()`
917 * `Encryptor::process()`
918 * `Encryptor::inplace()`
919 * `Encryptor::get_nonce()`
920 * `Decryptor::process()`
921 * `Decryptor::inplace()`
923 ***Note:*** If the same `slunkcrypt_t`, `Encryptor` or `Decryptor` instance needs to be shared across *multiple* threads (i.e. the same instance is accessed by *concurrent* threads), then the application **must** *serialize* any invocation of the above functions on that shared instance, by using a suitable synchronization mechanism! This can be achieved by using a [*mutex*](https://linux.die.net/man/3/pthread_mutex_lock).
929 The latest SlunkCrypt source code is available from the official Git mirrors at:
931 * <https://gitlab.com/lord_mulder/slunkcrypt/>
932 * <https://bitbucket.org/muldersoft/slunkcrypt/>
933 * <https://repo.or.cz/slunkcrypt.git>
934 * <https://punkindrublic.mooo.com:3000/Muldersoft/SlunkCrypt>
936 Deprecated mirror sites:
938 * <https://osdn.net/projects/slunkcrypt/scm/git/SlunkCrypt/>
944 SlunkCrypt can be built from the sources on Microsoft Windows or any POSIX-compatible platform, using a C-compiler that supports the C99 standard.
946 * **Microsoft Windows:**
947 Project/solution files for [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/) are provided. These should work “out of the box” with Visual Studio 2017 or any later version.
948 Just open the solution, select the “Release” configuration, choose the “x86” or “x64” platform, and finally press `F5`.
949 Visual Studio also is the only way to build the SlunkCrypt GUI, which is based on Microsoft.NET and Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF).
951 Alternatively, SlunkCrypt can built using [Mingw-w64](https://www.mingw-w64.org/) (available via [MSYS2](https://www.msys2.org/)) or even [Cygwin](https://www.cygwin.com/) – see Linux instructions for details!
954 Please make sure that the *C compiler* (GCC or Clang) as well as *Make* are installed. Then simply run **`make -B`** from the project's base directory!
956 If not already installed, the required build tools can usually be installed via your distribution's package manager.
957 For example, on Debian-based distributions, the command **`sudo apt install build-essential`** installs all the required build tools at once.
959 In order to create a *fully-static* binary of SlunkCrypt that runs on ***any*** Linux distribution from the last decade, you can use [musl libc](https://musl.libc.org/):
960 `make -B CC=musl-gcc STATIC=1`
962 * **BSD and Solaris:**
963 SlunkCrypt can be built on various BSD flavors and Solaris, but the command **`gmake -B`** needs to be used here, since the native `make` doesn't work!
964 GNU Make can be installed from the package manager. For example, use **`pkg install gmake`** on FreeBSD or **`pkg_add gmake`** on OpenBSD.
967 Once you have managed to find a terminal (or even better, connect via SSH), Mac OS X almost works like a proper operating system.
968 The Xcode command-line tools can be installed with the command **`xcode-select --install`**, if not present yet. Then just type **`make -B`** to build!
970 *Hint:* If you want to build with GCC, which produces faster code than Apple's Xcode compiler, you may install it on Mac OS X via [Homebrew](https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/gcc).
973 Frequently Asked Questions
974 ==========================
976 * **Why does the decryption of my file fail with a checksum error?**
978 If SlunkCrypt fails to decrypt a file and reports a “checksum mismatch” error, then this means that either the given file was *not* actually encrypted with SlunkCrypt, the file was corrupted in some kind of way (e.g. incomplete download), or you did *not* provide the correct passphrase for the file. There is, unfortuantely, *no* way to distinguish these three cases, as files encrypted with SlunkCrypt are indistingushable from random noise – only with the correct passphrase, some meaningful data can be restored from the encrypted file. Trying to decrypt the file with a *wrong* passphrase results in just "random" gibberish! However, the same also happens if the file was corrupted, or if the file was *not* encrypted with SlunkCrypt.
980 *Note:* If you are using SlunkCrypt 1.3.0 or later, then files that have been encrypted with SlunkCrypt 1.2.x or older can only be decrypted by enabling the “legacy” compatibility-mode!
982 * **How can I recover the lost passphrase for my file?**
984 SlunkCrypt uses a combination of the given passphrase and the individual nonce to encrypt each file in a *unique* (pseudo-random) way. This means that *no* two files are encrypted in the same way. Consequently, the decryption of the file is *only* possible using the correct passphrase, i.e. the one which was used to encrypt the file. Trying to decrypt the file with a *wrong* passphrase results in just "random" gibberish. And, for good reasons, there is *no* way to recover the passphrase from an encrypted file, so take good care of your passphrase!
986 In theory, it is possible to “crack” the passphrase using the *brute-force* method, i.e. try out every possible passphrase (up to a certain length) until the correct one is found. However, provided that a sufficiently long and random passphrase was chosen – which is highly recommended – there are *way* too many combinations to try them all, in a reasonable time. For example, with a length of 12 characters (ASCII), there are 95<sup>12</sup> = 540,360,087,662,636,962,890,625 possible combinations! This renders *brute-force* attacks practically impossible.
992 This work has been released under the **CC0 1.0 Universal** license.
994 For details, please refer to:
995 <https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode>
1000 SlunkCrypt incorporates code from the following *third-party* software projects:
1002 * The "checksum" algorithm used by the SlunkCrypt command-line application was adapted from the **BLAKE2** reference C implementation.
1004 BLAKE2 reference source code package - reference C implementations
1005 Copyright 2012, Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>. You may use this under the
1006 terms of the CC0, the OpenSSL Licence, or the Apache Public License 2.0, at
1007 your option. The terms of these licenses can be found at:
1008 - CC0 1.0 Universal : http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0
1009 - OpenSSL license : https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
1010 - Apache 2.0 : http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
1012 More information about the BLAKE2 hash function can be found at
1016 * ***Windows only:*** Builds of SlunkCypt that have multi-threading enabled use the **POSIX Threads for Windows (pthreads4w)** library.
1018 Pthreads4w - POSIX Threads for Windows
1019 Copyright 1998 John E. Bossom
1020 Copyright 1999-2018, Pthreads4w contributors
1022 Homepage: https://sourceforge.net/projects/pthreads4w/
1024 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
1025 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
1026 You may obtain a copy of the License at
1028 http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
1030 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
1031 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
1032 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
1033 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
1034 limitations under the License.