2 summary::associative collection mapping keys to values
3 related::Classes/Environment, Classes/Event
4 categories::Collections>Unordered
7 A Dictionary is an associative collection mapping keys to values.
8 Two keys match if they are strong::equal::. (i.e. == returns true.)
10 The contents of a Dictionary are strong::unordered::. You must not depend on the order of items in a Dictionary.
11 You must only rely on equality for the keys (e.g. symbols are ok, strings not). For identity matching see: link::Classes/IdentityDictionary::.
16 Creates a Dictionary with an initial capacity for strong::n:: key value mappings.
19 Creates a new Dictionary from another collection.
21 d= Dictionary.newFrom(List[\a, 1, \b, 2, \c, 4]);
24 any Object that responds to keysValuesDo (usually a List or an Array).
28 subsection::Adding and Removing
31 Add strong::anAssociation:: to the Dictionary. If the key value pair already exists in the Dictionary, the key's value will be replaced.
35 d.add(\monkey -> 0).postln;
36 d.add(\robot -> 1).postln; // Add robot as a key with a value of 1
37 d.add(\monkey -> 2).postln; // Replaces the value for the key monkey with 2
42 Associate two objects and add them to the Dictionary.
52 key to associate with object. This can be any objects, but is often a link::Classes/Symbol::.
57 Remove the key and the value associated with it from the Dictionary.
64 Add all items of each argument to the dictionary.
67 d.putAll(Dictionary[\hello -> 9, \whello -> "world"], Dictionary["abd" -> 6]);
69 argument::dictionaries
70 any Object that responds to keysValuesDo (usually a Dictionary).
73 Add all items to the dictionary, using them as key and value pairwise.
76 d.putPairs([\hello, 10, \whello, "lord", "abc", 7]);
82 Access the value associated with the key.
85 d.at(\robot); // Get the value associated with key
86 d[\robot]; // different syntax, same behaviour
87 d.at(\monkey); // Key doesn't exist: return Nil
91 Access the value associated with the key. If the key does not exist, return the result of teletype::function::.
95 Return a link::Classes/Set:: of all keys.
97 d = (hello: 9, whello: "world");
102 Return a link::Classes/List:: of all values.
104 d = (hello: 9, whello: "world");
109 Return an link::Classes/Array:: of all values for the given keys.
111 d = (hello: 9, whello: "world", z: 99, c: 0.33);
112 d.atAll([\hello, \z, \hello, \c, \whello]);
116 Return an link::Classes/Array:: with all keys and values pairwise.
118 d = (hello: 9, whello: 77, z: 99);
122 method::associationAt
123 Access the link::Classes/Association:: that has the given key.
126 d.associationAt(\robot); // Get the value associated with key
129 method::findKeyForValue
130 Try to find a given value and return its key.
132 d = (hello: 1, whello: 1976);
133 d.findKeyForValue(1);
137 The dictionary's keys are used as conditions against which the arbitrary item is matched. See: link::Reference/matchItem::
139 if an item matches multiple criteria, the value returned is arbitrary. This is because a dictionary is an unordered collection. It's the user's responsibility to make sure that criteria are mutually exclusive.
142 ## If the key is an object, the item will be matched by identity (if key === item, the value will be returned).
143 ## If the key is a collection, the item is matched if it's contained in the collection.
144 ## If the key is a function, the function is evaluated with the item as an argument and the item is matched if the function returns true.
151 [1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21]: \fibonacci,
152 { |x| try { x.even } }: \even // try is needed because argument might not be a number
158 d.matchAt(2) // matches both 'fibonacci' and 'even', either may be returned
164 Returns link::Classes/True:: if the item at the key is true, otherwise false. This method is also valid in link::Classes/Object::.
167 Returns link::Classes/False:: if the item at the key is not true, otherwise true. This method is inherited from link::Classes/Object::.
169 subsection::Iteration/Enumeration
170 Most methods for iteration work analogously to Dictionary's superclasses, see e.g. link::Classes/Collection::.
172 method::do, collect, reject, select
174 // do, collect, reject, select
175 d = Dictionary[\a -> "hello", \b -> "robot", \c -> [1, 2, 3]];
176 d = (a: "hello", b: "robot", c: [1, 2, 3]); // equivalent
177 d.do { |item, i| [item, i].postln };
178 d.collect { |item| item + 100 };
179 d.reject { |item| item.size > 4 };
180 d.select { |item| item.size > 4 };
184 Iterate over the associations, and evaluate the function for each, passing key and value as argument.
186 d = (a: "hello", b: "robot", c: [1, 2, 3]);
187 d.keysValuesDo { |key, value| postln("the key: " ++ key ++ " the value: " ++ value) };
190 method::keysValuesChange
191 Iterate over the associations, and evaluate the function for each, passing key and value as argument. Replace the value with the return value from the function (similar to link::#-collect::, but modifies the dictionary strong::in place::).
193 d = (a: "hello", b: "robot", c: [1, 2, 3]);
194 d.keysValuesChange { |key, value| "the key: " ++ key ++ " the value: " ++ value };
199 Iterate over the associations, and evaluate the function for each, passing key as argument.
201 d = (a: "hello", b: "robot", c: [1, 2, 3]);
202 d.keysDo { |key| postln("the key: " ++ key) };
205 method::associationsDo
206 Iterate over the associations, and evaluate the function for each.
208 d = (a: "hello", b: "robot", c: [1, 2, 3]);
209 d.associationsDo { |assoc| postln("the association: " ++ assoc) };
213 Iterate over the associations, and evaluate the function for each, passing key and value as argument. Identical to link::#-keysValuesDo::
216 Return a new dictionary with all the values as keys and vice versa.
218 d = (a: "hello", b: "robot", c: [1, 2, 3]);
222 subsection::Other instance methods
225 Return an array of keys which corresponds to the order of the values of the dictionary.
227 d = (a: 5, b: 7, c: 1, d: 0);
229 d.atAll(d.order); // returns items in order
233 Return the set of all subsets: here an array of all sub-dictionaries.
235 d = (a: 5, b: 7, c: 1, d: 0);
240 Combine two dictionaries into a new one by applying a function to each value. If strong::fill:: is true (default: true), values missing from one of them are kept as they are.
242 d = (a: 5, b: 7, d: 0);
243 e = (a: 3, b: -3, c: 1);
244 merge(d, e, { |a, b| a + b });
245 merge(d, e, { |a, b| a + b }, false);
250 a link::Classes/Function::.
252 a link::Classes/Boolean::.
255 Blend two dictionaries into a new one by interpolating each value. If strong::fill:: is true (default: true), values missing from one of them are kept as they are.
257 d = (a: 5, b: 7, d: 0);
258 e = (a: 3, b: -3, c: 1);
260 blend(d, e, 0.3, false);
262 d = (a: 500, b: 0.001);
263 e = (a: 300, b: 0.1);
264 blend(d, e, 0.3, specs: (a: \freq, b: \rq));
269 the blend ratio as a link::Classes/Float:: between 0.0 and 1.0.
271 a link::Classes/Boolean::.
273 a dictionary of link::Classes/Spec::s that are applied to each before blending.
275 method::asSortedArray
276 Return the values in a sorted array of key value pairs.
278 d = (a: 5, b: 7, c: 1, d: 0);
282 method::asKeyValuePairs
283 Return the values in an array of alternating key value pairs.
285 d = (a: 5, b: 7, c: 1, d: 0);
289 method::embedInStream
290 If the event is not nil, yields a copy, with all the elements of the receiver. See also link::Classes/Event::.
292 // write a generator for dictionaries
296 rout: Routine { |inval|
298 var event = d.copy.put(\count, i);
299 inval = event.embedInStream(inval);
311 // this also allows to use events or dictionaries in patterns directly:
313 d = (freq: 402, dur: 0.3);
316 (freq: 300, dur: 0.3),
318 (freq: [400, 770, 800], dur: 1),
320 (freq: 451, dur: 0.33)
324 d[\freq] = [900, 1002, 1102];
325 d[\freq] = [200, 101, 1102];
330 subsection::The Difference between Dictionary, IdentityDictionary, Environment, and Event
332 Often, the subclass link::Classes/Event:: is used as an IdentityDictionary, because there is a syntactical shortcut:
334 a = (foo: 7); // return a new Event.
337 a[\foo] = 3.5; // different syntax for put
340 Event, Environment and IdentityDictionary differ mainly insofar from Dictionary as the strong::keys:: are taken to be identical (===) objects (see IdentityDictionary), instead of equal (==) objects. By consequence, the subclasses are also faster for indexing. Apart from this, the subclasses add specific functionality only. Because of its very common usage, the examples often use the shortcut for the subclass Event.
342 // preliminary identity and equality of strings and symbols
343 "hello" == "hello"; // true, but
344 "hello" === "hello"; // false. However:
345 \hello === \hello; // true
348 Dictionary["hello" -> 0, "hello" -> 1]; // Dictionary[ (hello -> 1) ]
349 ("hello": 0, "hello": 1); // ( "hello": 1, "hello": 0 )
351 // for symbols as keys, the behaviour is identical:
352 Dictionary[\hello -> 1, \hello -> 0];
353 ( \hello: 1, \hello: 0 );