Help/Streams-Patterns-Events/Stream.html

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  35 <p class="p1"><b>Stream</b></p>
  36 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  37 <p class="p3"><span class="s1"><b>Inherits from: </b><a href="../Core/Object.html"><b>Object</b></a></span><b> </b><span class="s1"><b>: </b><a href="../Core/Kernel/AbstractFunction.html"><b>AbstractFunction</b></a></span></p>
  38 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  39 <p class="p4">Stream is an abstract class that is not used directly.<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>The following attempts to document some</p>
  40 <p class="p4">aspects of the use of Streams for music generation.</p>
  41 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  42 <p class="p5"><b>Overview</b></p>
  43 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  44 <p class="p4">A Stream represents a sequence of values that are obtained incrementally by repeated</p>
  45 <p class="p4"><b>next </b>messages.<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>A Stream can be restarted with a <b>reset </b>message. (Not all streams<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
  46 <p class="p4">actually implement reset semantics.)</p>
  47 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  48 <p class="p4">The class Object defines <b>next</b> to return the object itself.<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>Thus every object can be viewed</p>
  49 <p class="p4">as a stream and most simply stream themselves. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
  50 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  51 <p class="p4"><b>Stream </b>is the base class for classes that define streams.</p>
  52 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  53 <p class="p4">In SuperCollider, Streams are primarily used for handling text and for generating music.</p>
  54 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  55 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  56 <p class="p6"><b><i>Two Stream classes: FuncStream and Routine</i></b></p>
  57 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  58 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  59 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  60 <p class="p4"><b>FuncStream(nextFunction, resetFunction)</b></p>
  61 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  62 <p class="p4">A Function defines a stream consisting of the Function itself, a FuncStream defines a stream</p>
  63 <p class="p4">that consists of <i>evaluations </i>of<i> </i>its nextFunction.</p>
  64 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  65 <p class="p7"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>// Example 1: a Function vs. a FuncStream</p>
  66 <p class="p8"><span class="s2"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>(<span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></p>
  67 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>f = { 33.rand };</p>
  68 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>x = <span class="s3">FuncStream</span>(f);</p>
  69 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>10.do({ [f.next, x.next].postln });</p>
  70 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>)</p>
  71 <p class="p9"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
  72 <p class="p7"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// Example 2: the reset function</p>
  73 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(<span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span></p>
  74 <p class="p9"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
  75 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>f = { 33.rand };</p>
  76 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>x = <span class="s3">FuncStream</span>(f, {<span class="s3">thisThread</span>.randSeed_(345)});</p>
  77 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>x.reset;</p>
  78 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>10.do({ [f.next, x.next].postln });</p>
  79 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>x.reset;</p>
  80 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>10.do({ [f.next, x.next].postln });</p>
  81 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>)</p>
  82 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  83 <p class="p4"><b>Routine(nextFunction, stacksize)</b></p>
  84 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  85 <p class="p4">In a FuncStream, the nextFunction runs through to completion for each element of the stream.</p>
  86 <p class="p4">In a Routine, the nextFunction returns values with <b>yield</b> and resumes execution (when it receives</p>
  87 <p class="p4">a <b>next<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b> message) at the expression folowing the yield.<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>This allows a sequence of expressions in</p>
  88 <p class="p4">the function definition to represent a sequence of distinct events, like a musical score.</p>
  89 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  90 <p class="p10"><br></p>
  91 <p class="p7"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>// example</p>
  92 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(</p>
  93 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>x = <span class="s3">Routine</span>({<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
  94 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>1.yield;</p>
  95 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>2.yield;</p>
  96 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>3.yield;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
  97 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>});</p>
  98 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>4.do({ x.next.postln });</p>
  99 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>)</p>
 100 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 101 <p class="p4">Once the nextFunction completes execution, the Routine simply yields nil repeatedly.</p>
 102 <p class="p4">Control structures (such as <b>do</b> or <b>while</b>) can be used within the nextFunction in a manner analogous</p>
 103 <p class="p4">to repeat marks in a score</p>
 104 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 105 <p class="p7"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>// example</p>
 106 <p class="p8"><span class="s2"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>(</p>
 107 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>x = <span class="s3">Routine</span>({<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 108 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>4.do({</p>
 109 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>[1,2,3,4].do({ <span class="s3">arg</span> i; i.yield; });</p>
 110 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>})</p>
 111 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>});</p>
 112 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>17.do({ x.next.postln });</p>
 113 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>)</p>
 114 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 115 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 116 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 117 <p class="p5"><b><i>Playing streams</i></b></p>
 118 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 119 <p class="p4">Because streams respond like functions to the value message,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 120 <p class="p4">they can be used as a scheduling task.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 121 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 122 <p class="p7"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>// compare:</p>
 123 <p class="p7"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>// a function, returning 0.5</p>
 124 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(</p>
 125 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="s3">SystemClock</span>.sched(0.0,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 126 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>{ <span class="s4">"***"</span>.postln; 0.5 }</p>
 127 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>);</p>
 128 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>)</p>
 129 <p class="p9"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 130 <p class="p7"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// a stream, returning 0.5 and 0.1</p>
 131 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(</p>
 132 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="s3">SystemClock</span>.sched(0.0,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 133 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s3">Routine</span>({ loop {<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 134 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s4">"***"</span>.postln; 0.5.yield;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 135 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s4">"_*_"</span>.postln; 0.1.yield;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 136 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>} })</p>
 137 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>);</p>
 138 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>)</p>
 139 <p class="p9"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 140 <p class="p7"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// this is the reason why 'wait' works the same (for numbers) like 'yield'<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 141 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(</p>
 142 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="s3">SystemClock</span>.sched(0.0,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 143 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s3">Routine</span>({ loop {<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 144 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s4">"***"</span>.postln; 0.5.wait;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 145 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s4">"_*_"</span>.postln; 0.1.wait;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 146 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>} })</p>
 147 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>);</p>
 148 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>)</p>
 149 <p class="p9"><br></p>
 150 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 151 <p class="p4">Streams that return <b>numbers</b> can be played directly with the <b>play</b> message:</p>
 152 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 153 <p class="p2"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 154 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><b>play(clock, quant)</b></p>
 155 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><b>clock</b>:<span class="Apple-tab-span">       </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>a Clock, TempoClock by default</p>
 156 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><b>quant</b>:<span class="Apple-tab-span">       </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>either a number<b> n</b> (quantize to <b>n </b>beats)</p>
 157 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>or an array<b> [n, m]</b> (quantize to <b>n</b> beats, with offset <b>m</b>)</p>
 158 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 159 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 160 <p class="p7"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>// play at the next beat, with offset 0.4</p>
 161 <p class="p11"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span></span>(</p>
 162 <p class="p8"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>Routine</span>({ loop {<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 163 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s4">"***"</span>.postln; 0.5.wait;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 164 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s4">"_*_"</span>.postln; 0.1.wait;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 165 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>} }).play(quant:[1, 0.4]);</p>
 166 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>)</p>
 167 <p class="p9"><br></p>
 168 <p class="p9"><br></p>
 169 <p class="p4">Streams that return <b>Events</b> need to be wrapped in an <b>EventStreamPlayer</b>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 170 <p class="p4">The Event's <b>delta</b> (can also be set by <b>dur</b>) is used as a scheduling beats value:</p>
 171 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 172 <p class="p7"><span class="s5"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span></b></span>// play at the next beat, with offset 0.4</p>
 173 <p class="p11"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span></span>(</p>
 174 <p class="p8"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>Routine</span>({ loop {<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 175 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s4">"///"</span>.postln; (delta:0.5).yield;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 176 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s4">"_/_"</span>.postln; (delta: 0.1).wait;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 177 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>} }).asEventStreamPlayer.play;</p>
 178 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>)</p>
 179 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 180 <p class="p12"><br></p>
 181 <p class="p12"><br></p>
 182 <p class="p5"><b><i>Iteration</i></b></p>
 183 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 184 <p class="p2"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 185 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><b>do (function)</b></p>
 186 <p class="p4"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></b>iterate until a nil is encountered</p>
 187 <p class="p4"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>beware:</b> applying do to an endless stream will lock up the interpreter!</p>
 188 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 189 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>Where <b>do </b>effectively 'plays' a stream by iterating all of its contects,<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 190 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>following messages create a stream by filtering another stream in some way.</p>
 191 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 192 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><b>collect (function)</b></p>
 193 <p class="p4"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></b>iterate indefinitely</p>
 194 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 195 <p class="p4"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span>reject (function)</b></p>
 196 <p class="p4"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></b>return only those elements for which function.value(element) is false</p>
 197 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 198 <p class="p4"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span>select (function)</b></p>
 199 <p class="p4"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></b>return only those elements for which function.value(element) is true</p>
 200 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 201 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><b>dot(function, stream)</b></p>
 202 <p class="p4"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></b>return <b>function.value(this.next, stream.next)</b> for each element</p>
 203 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 204 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><b>interlace(function, stream)</b></p>
 205 <p class="p4"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></b>iterate all of stream for each element of this.<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>Combine the values using function.</p>
 206 <p class="p2"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span></b></p>
 207 <p class="p4"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span>appendStream(stream)</b></p>
 208 <p class="p4"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></b>append stream after this<b> </b>returns nil. The same like <b>++</b></p>
 209 <p class="p2"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span></b></p>
 210 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><b>embedInStream(inval)</b></p>
 211 <p class="p4"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></b>iterate all of this from within whatever Stream definition it is called.</p>
 212 <p class="p2"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span></b></p>
 213 <p class="p4"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span>trace(key, printStream, prefix)</b></p>
 214 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>print out the results of a stream while returning the original values</p>
 215 <p class="p2"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></p>
 216 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><b>key</b>: <span class="Apple-tab-span">        </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>when streaming events, post only this key.</p>
 217 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><b>printStream</b>: <span class="Apple-tab-span">        </span>printOn this stream (default: Post)</p>
 218 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><b>prefix</b>:<span class="Apple-tab-span">      </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>string added to the printout to separate different streams</p>
 219 <p class="p12"><br></p>
 220 <p class="p12"><br></p>
 221 <p class="p12"><br></p>
 222 <p class="p12"><br></p>
 223 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 224 <p class="p13"><b><i>Composite Streams</i></b></p>
 225 <p class="p12"><br></p>
 226 <p class="p12"><br></p>
 227 <p class="p14">Routines can be embedded in each other, using <b>embedInStream</b>:</p>
 228 <p class="p12"><br></p>
 229 <p class="p7"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>// example</p>
 230 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(</p>
 231 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>x = <span class="s3">Routine</span>({<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 232 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>2.do({</p>
 233 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>[1,2,3,4].do({ <span class="s3">arg</span> i; i.yield; });</p>
 234 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>})</p>
 235 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>});</p>
 236 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>y = <span class="s3">Routine</span>({</p>
 237 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>100.yield;</p>
 238 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>30.yield;</p>
 239 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>x.embedInStream;</p>
 240 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>440.yield;</p>
 241 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>1910.yield</p>
 242 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>});</p>
 243 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>17.do({ y.next.postln });</p>
 244 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>)</p>
 245 <p class="p9"><br></p>
 246 <p class="p9"><br></p>
 247 <p class="p4">Routines can be <b>concatenated</b> just like Streams:</p>
 248 <p class="p9"><br></p>
 249 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(</p>
 250 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>x = <span class="s3">Routine</span>({<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 251 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>2.do({</p>
 252 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>[1,2,3,4].do({ <span class="s3">arg</span> i; i.yield; });</p>
 253 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>})</p>
 254 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>});</p>
 255 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>y = <span class="s3">Routine</span>({</p>
 256 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>100.yield;</p>
 257 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>30.yield;</p>
 258 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>});</p>
 259 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>z = x ++ y;</p>
 260 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>17.do({ z.next.postln });</p>
 261 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>)</p>
 262 <p class="p9"><br></p>
 263 <p class="p4">Routines can be combined with the <b>composition</b> operator <b>&lt;&gt;</b></p>
 264 <p class="p9"><br></p>
 265 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(</p>
 266 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>x = <span class="s3">Routine</span>({ <span class="s3">arg</span> inval;</p>
 267 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>2.do({</p>
 268 <p class="p9"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></p>
 269 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>[1,2,3,4].do({ <span class="s3">arg</span> i;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 270 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>if(inval.isNil) { <span class="s3">nil</span>.alwaysYield };</p>
 271 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>inval = (i * inval).yield;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 272 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>});</p>
 273 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>})</p>
 274 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>});</p>
 275 <p class="p9"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></p>
 276 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>y = <span class="s3">Routine</span>({</p>
 277 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>100.yield;</p>
 278 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>30.yield;</p>
 279 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>4.do { 1.0.rand.yield };</p>
 280 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>});</p>
 281 <p class="p9"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 282 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>z = x &lt;&gt; y;</p>
 283 <p class="p7"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>17.do({ z.value.postln }); </span>// call .value here, as this is a function.</p>
 284 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>)</p>
 285 <p class="p15"><br></p>
 286 <p class="p15"><br></p>
 287 <p class="p4">Composite Streams can be defined as combinations of Streams using the unary and binary<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 288 <p class="p4">messages.</p>
 289 <p class="p15"><br></p>
 290 <p class="p15"><br></p>
 291 <p class="p5"><b><i>Unary messages</i></b></p>
 292 <p class="p15"><br></p>
 293 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 294 <p class="p4">Streams support most of the unary messages<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>defined in AbstractFunction:</p>
 295 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 296 <p class="p8">(</p>
 297 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>a = <span class="s3">Routine</span>({ 20.do({ 33.rand.yield }) });</p>
 298 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>b = <span class="s3">Routine</span>({ [-100,00,300,400].do({ <span class="s3">arg</span> v; v.yield}) });</p>
 299 <p class="p9"><br></p>
 300 <p class="p7"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>c = b.neg; </span>// define a composite stream<span class="Apple-tab-span">      </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></p>
 301 <p class="p9"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 302 <p class="p7"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// enumerate and perform all of the unary messages<span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span>:<span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span></p>
 303 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>[<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 304 <p class="p16"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>\neg<span class="s1">, </span>\reciprocal<span class="s1">, </span>\bitNot<span class="s1">, </span>\abs<span class="s1">, </span>\asFloat<span class="s1">, </span>\asInteger<span class="s1">, </span>\ceil<span class="s1">,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p>
 305 <p class="p16"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>\floor<span class="s1">, </span>\frac<span class="s1">, </span>\sign<span class="s1">, </span>\squared<span class="s1">, </span>\cubed<span class="s1">, </span>\sqrt<span class="s1">, </span>\exp<span class="s1">, </span>\midicps<span class="s1">,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p>
 306 <p class="p16"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>\cpsmidi<span class="s1">, </span>\midiratio<span class="s1">, </span>\ratiomidi<span class="s1">, </span>\ampdb<span class="s1">, </span>\dbamp<span class="s1">, </span>\octcps<span class="s1">,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p>
 307 <p class="p16"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>\cpsoct<span class="s1">, </span>\log<span class="s1">, </span>\log2<span class="s1">, </span>\log10<span class="s1">, </span>\sin<span class="s1">, </span>\cos<span class="s1">, </span>\tan<span class="s1">, </span>\asin<span class="s1">, </span>\acos<span class="s1">, </span>\atan<span class="s1">,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p>
 308 <p class="p16"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>\sinh<span class="s1">, </span>\cosh<span class="s1">, </span>\tanh<span class="s1">, </span>\rand<span class="s1">, </span>\rand2<span class="s1">, </span>\linrand<span class="s1">, </span>\bilinrand<span class="s1">, </span>\sum3rand<span class="s1">,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p>
 309 <p class="p16"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>\distort<span class="s1">, </span>\softclip<span class="s1">, </span>\coin<span class="s1">, </span>\even<span class="s1">, </span>\odd<span class="s1">, </span>\isPositive<span class="s1">, </span>\isNegative<span class="s1">,</span></p>
 310 <p class="p16"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>\isStrictlyPositive</p>
 311 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>]</p>
 312 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>.do({ <span class="s3">arg</span> msg;</p>
 313 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>postf(<span class="s4">"\n msg: % \n"</span>, msg);</p>
 314 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>b.reset.perform(msg).do({<span class="s3">arg</span> v; v.post; <span class="s4">" "</span>.post;})<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 315 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>});<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 316 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>nil;</p>
 317 <p class="p9"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 318 <p class="p8">)</p>
 319 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 320 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 321 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 322 <p class="p5"><b><i>Binary messages</i></b></p>
 323 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 324 <p class="p4">Streams support the following binary messages<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>defined in AbstractFunction:</p>
 325 <p class="p9"><br></p>
 326 <p class="p9"><br></p>
 327 <p class="p8">(</p>
 328 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>a = <span class="s3">Routine</span>({ 20.do({ 33.rand.yield }) });</p>
 329 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>b = <span class="s3">Routine</span>({ [-100,00,300,400].do({ <span class="s3">arg</span> v; v.yield}) });</p>
 330 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>[</p>
 331 <p class="p16"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span></span>'+'<span class="s1"> , </span>'-'<span class="s1"> , </span>'*'<span class="s1">, </span>'/'<span class="s1">, </span>\div<span class="s1">, </span>'%'<span class="s1">, </span>'**'<span class="s1">, </span>\min<span class="s1">, </span>\max<span class="s1">, </span>'&lt;'<span class="s1">, </span>'&lt;='<span class="s1">, </span>'&gt;'<span class="s1">, </span>'&gt;='<span class="s1">, </span>'&amp;'<span class="s1">, </span>'|'<span class="s1">,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p>
 332 <p class="p16"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span></span>\bitXor<span class="s1">, </span>\lcm<span class="s1">, </span>\gcd<span class="s1">, </span>\round<span class="s1">, </span>\trunc<span class="s1">, </span>\atan2<span class="s1">,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p>
 333 <p class="p16"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span></span>\hypot<span class="s1">, </span>'&gt;&gt;'<span class="s1">, </span>'+&gt;&gt;'<span class="s1">, </span>\ring1<span class="s1">, </span>\ring2<span class="s1">, </span>\ring3<span class="s1">, </span>\ring4<span class="s1">,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p>
 334 <p class="p16"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span></span>\difsqr<span class="s1">, </span>\sumsqr<span class="s1">, </span>\sqrdif<span class="s1">, </span>\absdif<span class="s1">, </span>\amclip<span class="s1">,</span></p>
 335 <p class="p16"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">   </span></span>\scaleneg<span class="s1">, </span>\clip2<span class="s1">, </span>\excess<span class="s1">, </span>'&lt;!'<span class="s1">, </span>\rrand<span class="s1">, </span>\exprand</p>
 336 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>]</p>
 337 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>.do({ <span class="s3">arg</span> msg;</p>
 338 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>postf(<span class="s4">"\n msg: % \n"</span>, msg);</p>
 339 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>b.reset.perform(msg).do({ <span class="s3">arg</span> v; v.post; <span class="s4">" "</span>.post; })<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 340 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>});<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 341 <p class="p8"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s3">nil</span>;</p>
 342 <p class="p8">)</p>
 343 <p class="p2"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 344 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 345 <p class="p2"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 346 </body>
 347 </html>