Help/Core/Kernel/Routine.html

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  33 <p class="p1"><b>Routine</b></p>
  34 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  35 <p class="p3"><b>Superclass: Thread</b></p>
  36 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  37 <p class="p3">Routines are functions that can return in the middle and then resume where<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
  38 <p class="p3">they left off when called again. Routines can be used to implement co-routines</p>
  39 <p class="p3">as found in Scheme and some other languages.</p>
  40 <p class="p3">Routines are useful for writing things that behave like Streams.</p>
  41 <p class="p3">Routines inherit behaviour for math operations and filtering from <a href="../../Streams-Patterns-Events/Stream.html"><span class="s1">Stream</span></a>.</p>
  42 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  43 <p class="p3"><b>*new(func, stackSize, seed)</b></p>
  44 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  45 <p class="p3">Creates a Routine instance with the given function.</p>
  46 <p class="p3">The stackSize and random seed may be overridden if desired.</p>
  47 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  48 <p class="p4">(</p>
  49 <p class="p4">a = <span class="s2">Routine</span>.new({ 1.yield; 2.yield; });</p>
  50 <p class="p4">a.next.postln;</p>
  51 <p class="p4">a.next.postln;</p>
  52 <p class="p4">a.next.postln;</p>
  53 <p class="p4">)</p>
  54 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  55 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  56 <p class="p3"><b>value(inval)</b></p>
  57 <p class="p3"><b>resume(inval)</b></p>
  58 <p class="p3"><b>next(inval)</b></p>
  59 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  60 <p class="p3">These are all synonyms for the same method.</p>
  61 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  62 <p class="p3">The Routine function is either started if it has not been called yet, or it is<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
  63 <p class="p3">resumed from where it left off. The argument inval is passed as the argument</p>
  64 <p class="p3">to the Routine function if it is being started, or as the result of the yield</p>
  65 <p class="p3">method if it is being resumed from a yield. The result of the method will be</p>
  66 <p class="p3">what the Routine yields.</p>
  67 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  68 <p class="p3">There are basically 2 conditions for a Routine: one is when the routine starts. The other case is<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
  69 <p class="p3">that the routine continues after it has yielded.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
  70 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  71 <p class="p3">When the routine starts (by calling the above methods), you are passing in a first inval.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
  72 <p class="p3">This inval is accessible as the routine function argument:</p>
  73 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  74 <p class="p4">(</p>
  75 <p class="p4"><span class="s2">Routine</span> { <span class="s2">arg</span> inval;</p>
  76 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>inval.postln;</p>
  77 <p class="p5"><span class="s3">}.value(</span>"hello routine"<span class="s3">);</span></p>
  78 <p class="p4">)</p>
  79 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  80 <p class="p3">When there is a yield in the routine, the next time you call <i>next</i> (or synonym), the routine continues</p>
  81 <p class="p3">from there, and you get a chance to pass in a value from the outside. To access that value within the</p>
  82 <p class="p3">continuing routine, you have to assign the <b><i>result of the yield call</i></b> to a variable:</p>
  83 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  84 <p class="p4">(</p>
  85 <p class="p4">r = <span class="s2">Routine</span> { <span class="s2">arg</span> inval;</p>
  86 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="s2">var</span> valuePassedInbyYield;</p>
  87 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>inval.postln;</p>
  88 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>valuePassedInbyYield = 123.yield;</p>
  89 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>valuePassedInbyYield.postln;</p>
  90 <p class="p6"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
  91 <p class="p4">}</p>
  92 <p class="p4">)</p>
  93 <p class="p6"><br></p>
  94 <p class="p5"><span class="s3">r.value(</span>"hello routine"<span class="s3">);</span></p>
  95 <p class="p5"><span class="s3">r.value(</span>"goodbye world"<span class="s3">);</span></p>
  96 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  97 <p class="p2"><br></p>
  98 <p class="p3">Typically the name <i>inval</i> (or inevent) is reused, instead of declaring a variable like "valuePassedInbyYield":</p>
  99 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 100 <p class="p4">(</p>
 101 <p class="p4">r = <span class="s2">Routine</span> { <span class="s2">arg</span> inval;</p>
 102 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>inval.postln;</p>
 103 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>inval = 123.yield;</p>
 104 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>inval.postln;</p>
 105 <p class="p4">}</p>
 106 <p class="p4">)</p>
 107 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 108 <p class="p5"><span class="s3">r.value(</span>"hello routine"<span class="s3">);</span></p>
 109 <p class="p5"><span class="s3">r.value(</span>"goodbye world"<span class="s3">);</span></p>
 110 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 111 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 112 <p class="p3">Typically a routine uses a multiple yield, in which the inval is reassigned repeatedly:</p>
 113 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 114 <p class="p4">(</p>
 115 <p class="p4">r = <span class="s2">Routine</span> { <span class="s2">arg</span> inval;</p>
 116 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>inval.postln;</p>
 117 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>5.do { <span class="s2">arg</span> i;</p>
 118 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>inval = (i + 10).yield;</p>
 119 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>inval.postln;</p>
 120 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>}</p>
 121 <p class="p4">}</p>
 122 <p class="p4">)</p>
 123 <p class="p4">(</p>
 124 <p class="p4">5.do {</p>
 125 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>r.value(<span class="s4">"hello routine"</span>).postln;</p>
 126 <p class="p4">}</p>
 127 <p class="p4">)</p>
 128 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 129 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 130 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 131 <p class="p3"><b>reset</b></p>
 132 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 133 <p class="p3">Causes the Routine to start from the beginning next time it is called.</p>
 134 <p class="p3">A Routine cannot reset itself except by calling the yieldAndReset method.</p>
 135 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 136 <p class="p3">See also in class <b>Object :</b></p>
 137 <p class="p3"><b>yield(outval)</b></p>
 138 <p class="p3"><b>yieldAndReset(outval)</b></p>
 139 <p class="p3"><b>alwaysYield(outval)</b></p>
 140 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 141 <p class="p3">If a Routine's function returns then it will always yield nil until reset.</p>
 142 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 143 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 144 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 145 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 146 <p class="p3"><b>play(clock, quant)</b></p>
 147 <p class="p3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><b>clock</b>:<span class="Apple-tab-span">       </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>a Clock, <b>TempoClock</b> by default</p>
 148 <p class="p3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><b>quant</b>:<span class="Apple-tab-span">       </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>see the <a href="../../Scheduling/Quant.html"><span class="s5">Quant</span></a> helpfile</p>
 149 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 150 <p class="p3">In the SuperCollider application, a Routine can be played using a Clock, as can any Stream.</p>
 151 <p class="p3">every time the Routine yields, it should do so with a float, the clock will interpret that, usually</p>
 152 <p class="p3">pausing for that many seconds, and then resume the routine, passing it it the clock's current time.</p>
 153 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 154 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 155 <p class="p3"><b>using Object-idle:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></p>
 156 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 157 <p class="p3"><b>idle(time)</b></p>
 158 <p class="p3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>within a routine, return values until this time is over. Time is measured relative to the thread's clock.</p>
 159 <p class="p3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(see <a href="Routine.html"><span class="s6">Routine</span></a>)</p>
 160 <p class="p6"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 161 <p class="p7"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// for 6 seconds, return 200, then continue</p>
 162 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(</p>
 163 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>r = <span class="s2">Routine</span> {</p>
 164 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>199.yield;</p>
 165 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>189.yield;</p>
 166 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>200.idle(6);</p>
 167 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>199.yield;</p>
 168 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>189.yield;</p>
 169 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>};</p>
 170 <p class="p6"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 171 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>fork {</p>
 172 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>loop {</p>
 173 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>r.value.postln;</p>
 174 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>1.wait;</p>
 175 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>}</p>
 176 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>}</p>
 177 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>);</p>
 178 <p class="p6"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 179 <p class="p7"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// the value can also be a stream or a function</p>
 180 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(</p>
 181 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>r = <span class="s2">Routine</span> {</p>
 182 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>199.yield;</p>
 183 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>189.yield;</p>
 184 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s2">Routine</span> { 100.do { <span class="s2">|i|</span> i.yield } }.idle(6);</p>
 185 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>199.yield;</p>
 186 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>189.yield;</p>
 187 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>};</p>
 188 <p class="p6"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 189 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>fork {</p>
 190 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>loop {</p>
 191 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>r.value.postln;</p>
 192 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>1.wait;</p>
 193 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>}</p>
 194 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>}</p>
 195 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>);</p>
 196 <p class="p6"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 197 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 198 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 199 <p class="p8"><b>Accessible instance variables</b></p>
 200 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 201 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 202 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 203 <p class="p3"><b><i>Routine</i> inherits from <i>Thread</i>, which allows access to some of its state:</b></p>
 204 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 205 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 206 <p class="p3"><b>beats</b></p>
 207 <p class="p3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>return the elapsed beats (logical time) of the routine. The beats do not proceed when the routine is</p>
 208 <p class="p3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>not playing.</p>
 209 <p class="p2"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span></b></p>
 210 <p class="p3"><b>seconds</b></p>
 211 <p class="p3"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span">  </span></b>return the elapsed seconds (logical time) of the routine. The seconds do not proceed when the routine is</p>
 212 <p class="p3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>not playing, it is the converted beat value.</p>
 213 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 214 <p class="p3"><b>clock</b></p>
 215 <p class="p3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>return the thread's clock. If it has not played, it is the SystemClock.</p>
 216 <p class="p2"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span></p>
 217 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 218 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 219 <p class="p4">(</p>
 220 <p class="p4">r = <span class="s2">Routine</span> { <span class="s2">arg</span> inval;</p>
 221 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>loop {</p>
 222 <p class="p7"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// thisThread refers to the routine.</p>
 223 <p class="p5"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>postf(</span>"beats: % seconds: % time: % \n"<span class="s3">,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p>
 224 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s2">thisThread</span>.beats, <span class="s2">thisThread</span>.seconds, <span class="s2">Main</span>.elapsedTime</p>
 225 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>);</p>
 226 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>1.0.yield;</p>
 227 <p class="p6"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></p>
 228 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>}</p>
 229 <p class="p4">}.play;</p>
 230 <p class="p4">)</p>
 231 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 232 <p class="p4">r.stop;</p>
 233 <p class="p4">r.beats;</p>
 234 <p class="p4">r.seconds;</p>
 235 <p class="p4">r.clock;</p>
 236 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 237 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 238 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 239 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 240 <p class="p3"><b>Routine Example:</b></p>
 241 <p class="p2"><br></p>
 242 <p class="p4">(</p>
 243 <p class="p4"><span class="s2">var</span> r, outval;</p>
 244 <p class="p4">r = <span class="s2">Routine</span>.new({ <span class="s2">arg</span> inval;</p>
 245 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(<span class="s4">"-&gt;inval was "</span> ++ inval).postln;</p>
 246 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>inval = 1.yield;</p>
 247 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(<span class="s4">"-&gt;inval was "</span> ++ inval).postln;</p>
 248 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>inval = 2.yield;</p>
 249 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>(<span class="s4">"-&gt;inval was "</span> ++ inval).postln;</p>
 250 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>inval = 99.yield;</p>
 251 <p class="p4">});</p>
 252 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 253 <p class="p4">outval = r.next(<span class="s7">'a'</span>);</p>
 254 <p class="p4">(<span class="s4">"&lt;-outval was "</span> ++ outval).postln;</p>
 255 <p class="p4">outval = r.next(<span class="s7">'b'</span>);</p>
 256 <p class="p4">(<span class="s4">"&lt;-outval was "</span> ++ outval).postln;</p>
 257 <p class="p4">r.reset; <span class="s4">"reset"</span>.postln;</p>
 258 <p class="p4">outval = r.next(<span class="s7">'c'</span>);</p>
 259 <p class="p4">(<span class="s4">"&lt;-outval was "</span> ++ outval).postln;</p>
 260 <p class="p4">outval = r.next(<span class="s7">'d'</span>);</p>
 261 <p class="p4">(<span class="s4">"&lt;-outval was "</span> ++ outval).postln;</p>
 262 <p class="p4">outval = r.next(<span class="s7">'e'</span>);</p>
 263 <p class="p4">(<span class="s4">"&lt;-outval was "</span> ++ outval).postln;</p>
 264 <p class="p4">outval = r.next(<span class="s7">'f'</span>);</p>
 265 <p class="p4">(<span class="s4">"&lt;-outval was "</span> ++ outval).postln;</p>
 266 <p class="p4">)</p>
 267 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 268 <p class="p7">// wait</p>
 269 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 270 <p class="p4">(</p>
 271 <p class="p4"><span class="s2">var</span> r;</p>
 272 <p class="p9"><span class="s3">r = </span>Routine<span class="s3"> {</span></p>
 273 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>10.do({ <span class="s2">arg</span> a;</p>
 274 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>a.postln;</p>
 275 <p class="p7"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// Often you might see Wait being used to pause a routine</p>
 276 <p class="p7"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// This waits for one second between each number</p>
 277 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>1.wait;</p>
 278 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>});</p>
 279 <p class="p7"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// Wait half second before saying we're done</p>
 280 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>0.5.wait;</p>
 281 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="s4">"done"</span>.postln;</p>
 282 <p class="p4">}.play;</p>
 283 <p class="p4">)</p>
 284 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 285 <p class="p7">// waitUntil</p>
 286 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 287 <p class="p4">(</p>
 288 <p class="p4"><span class="s2">var</span> r;</p>
 289 <p class="p9"><span class="s3">r = </span>Routine<span class="s3"> {</span></p>
 290 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>var times = { rrand(1.0, 10.0) }.dup(10) + thisThread.beats;</p>
 291 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>times = times.sort;</p>
 292 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>times.do({ <span class="s2">arg</span> a;</p>
 293 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>waitUntil(a);</p>
 294 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>a.postln;</p>
 295 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>});</p>
 296 <p class="p7"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// Wait half second before saying we're done</p>
 297 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>0.5.wait;</p>
 298 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="s4">"done"</span>.postln;</p>
 299 <p class="p4">}.play;</p>
 300 <p class="p4">)</p>
 301 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 302 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 303 <p class="p7">// Using Routine to set button states on the fly.</p>
 304 <p class="p4">(</p>
 305 <p class="p4"><span class="s2">var</span> update, w, b;</p>
 306 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>w = <span class="s2">SCWindow</span>.new(<span class="s4">"State Window"</span>, <span class="s2">Rect</span>(150,<span class="s2">SCWindow</span>.screenBounds.height-140,380,60));</p>
 307 <p class="p6"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></p>
 308 <p class="p7"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// a convenient way to set the button label</p>
 309 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>update = {<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 310 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s2">|but, string|</span> but.states = [[string.asString, <span class="s2">Color</span>.black, <span class="s2">Color</span>.red]];<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 311 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>but.refresh;</p>
 312 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>};</p>
 313 <p class="p6"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></p>
 314 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>b = <span class="s2">SCButton</span>(w, <span class="s2">Rect</span>(10,10,360,40));</p>
 315 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>b.font_(<span class="s2">Font</span>(<span class="s4">"Impact"</span>, 24));</p>
 316 <p class="p6"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></p>
 317 <p class="p5"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>update.value(b, </span>"there is only one state"<span class="s3">);</span></p>
 318 <p class="p6"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></p>
 319 <p class="p7"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// if an action should do something different each time it is called, a routine is the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 320 <p class="p7"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// right thing to use. This is better than creating variables outside and setting them</p>
 321 <p class="p7"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></span>// from the action function to keep state from one action to the next</p>
 322 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 323 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>b.action_(<span class="s2">Routine</span> { <span class="s2">|butt|</span></p>
 324 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>rrand(15, 45).do { <span class="s2">|i|</span></p>
 325 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>update.value(butt, <span class="s4">"%. there is still only 1 state"</span>.format(i + 2));</p>
 326 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>0.yield; <span class="s8">// stop here</span></p>
 327 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>};</p>
 328 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>w.close;</p>
 329 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>});</p>
 330 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 331 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>w.front;</p>
 332 <p class="p4">)</p>
 333 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 334 <p class="p7">// drawing in a window dynamcially with <a href="../../GUI/Main-GUI/Pen.html"><span class="s9">Pen</span></a></p>
 335 <p class="p4">(</p>
 336 <p class="p4"><span class="s2">var</span> w, much = 0.02, string, synth;</p>
 337 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 338 <p class="p4">w = <span class="s2">Window</span>.new(<span class="s4">"swing"</span>, <span class="s2">Rect</span>(100, 100, 300, 500)).front;</p>
 339 <p class="p4">w.view.background_(<span class="s2">Color</span>.new255(153, 255, 102).vary);</p>
 340 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 341 <p class="p4">string = <span class="s4">"swing "</span>.dup(24).join;</p>
 342 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 343 <p class="p4">w.drawHook = <span class="s2">Routine</span> {<span class="Apple-tab-span">       </span></p>
 344 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="s2">var</span> i = 0;</p>
 345 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="s2">var</span> size = 40;</p>
 346 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="s2">var</span> func = { <span class="s2">|i, j|</span> sin(i * 0.07 + (j * 0.0023) + 1.5pi) * much + 1 };</p>
 347 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="s2">var</span> scale;</p>
 348 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="s2">Pen</span>.font = <span class="s2">Font</span>(<span class="s4">"Helvetica-Bold"</span>, 40);</p>
 349 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>loop {<span class="Apple-tab-span">      </span></p>
 350 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>i = i + 1;</p>
 351 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>string.do {<span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span><span class="s2">|char, j|</span></p>
 352 <p class="p6"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></p>
 353 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>scale = func.value(i, j).dup(6);</p>
 354 <p class="p6"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span></p>
 355 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s2">Pen</span>.fillColor = <span class="s2">Color</span>.new255(0, 120, 120).vary;</p>
 356 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s2">Pen</span>.matrix = scale * #[1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0];</p>
 357 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="s2">Pen</span>.stringAtPoint(char.asString,</p>
 358 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>((size * (j % 9)) - 10) @ (size * (j div: 9))</p>
 359 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>);</p>
 360 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>};</p>
 361 <p class="p7"><span class="s3"><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span><span class="Apple-tab-span">    </span>0.yield </span>// stop here, return something unimportant</p>
 362 <p class="p4"><span class="Apple-tab-span">     </span>}</p>
 363 <p class="p4">};</p>
 364 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 365 <p class="p4">fork { while { w.isClosed.not } { defer { w.refresh }; 0.04.wait; } };</p>
 366 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 367 <p class="p4">w.front;</p>
 368 <p class="p6"><br></p>
 369 <p class="p4">)</p>
 370 <p class="p10"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
 371 </body>
 372 </html>