1 Windows Service Support for svnserve
2 ====================================
4 svnserve can now be run as a native Windows service. This means that the
5 service can be started at system boot, or at any other time, without the
6 need for any wrapper code to start the service. The service can be managed
7 like any other Windows service, using command-line tools ("net start",
8 "net stop", or sc.exe) or GUI tools (the Services administrative tool).
14 For now, no means is provided to install the service. Most Windows
15 OSes derived from Windows NT (such as Windows XP, Windows 2000,
16 Windows 2003 Server) provide a command-line tool for installing
17 services, called SC.EXE for "Service Control". To create a service for
21 binpath= "c:\svn\bin\svnserve.exe --service <svn-args>"
22 displayname= "Subversion Repository"
25 where <name> is any service name you want, e.g. "svnserve", and
26 <svn-args> are the arguments to svnserve, such as --root,
27 --listen-port, etc. (All of this should be specified on a single
30 In order for svnserve to run as a Windows service, you MUST specify
31 the --service argument, and you must NOT specify any other run mode
32 argument, such as --daemon, --tunnel, --inetd, or any of their short
33 forms. There is no short form for --service.
35 If the path to svnserve.exe contains spaces or other characters that
36 must be escaped, then you must enclose the path to svnserve.exe with
37 double-quotes, which themselves must be quoted using a backslash.
38 Fortunately the syntax is similar to that on Unix platforms:
41 binpath= "\"c:\program files\subversion\bin\svnserve.exe\" ..."
43 SC has many options; use "sc /?". The most relevant are:
45 sc create <name> create a new service
46 sc qc <name> query config for a service
47 sc query <name> query status
48 sc delete <name> delete any service -- BE CAREFUL!
49 sc config <name> ... update service config; same args as sc create
50 sc start <name> start a service (does NOT wait for completion!)
51 sc stop <name> stop a service (does NOT wait for it to stop!)
53 Note that the command-line syntax for SC is rather odd. Key/value
54 pairs are specified as "key= value" (without the double-quotes). The
55 "key=" part must not have any spaces, and the "value" part MUST be
56 separated from the "key=" by a space.
58 If you want to be able to see the command shell, add these arguments
59 to the "sc create" command-line:
61 type= own type= interact
63 This sets the "interactive" bit on the service, which allows it to
64 interact with the local console session.
66 You can create as many services as you need; there is no restriction
67 on the number of services, or their names. I use a prefix, like
68 "svn.foo", "svn.bar", etc. Each service runs in a separate process.
69 As usual, it is your responsbility as an administrator to make sure
70 that no two service instances use the same repository root path, or
71 the same combination of --listen-port and --listen-host.
77 To uninstall a service, stop the service, then delete it, using "sc
78 delete <name>". Be very careful with this command, since you can
79 delete any system service, including essential Windows services,
82 Also, make sure that you stop the service before you delete it. If
83 you delete the service before stopping it, the Service Control Manager
84 will mark the service "deleted", but will intentionally not stop the
85 service. The service will be deleted when the system reboots, or when
86 the service finally exits. After all, you only asked to delete the
87 service, not to stop it.
89 That's all there is to it.
92 Automatically Starting Service on System Boot
93 ---------------------------------------------
95 By default, SC creates the service with the start mode set to "demand"
96 (manual). If you want the service to start automatically when the
97 system boots, add "start= auto" to the command line. You can change
98 the start mode for an existing service using "sc config <name> start=
99 auto", or also by using the Windows GUI interface for managing
100 services. (Start, All Programs, Administrative Tools, Services, or
101 just run "services.msc" from Start/Run or from a command-line.)
103 Note: In order for svnserve to start correctly on system boot, you
104 must properly declare its startup dependencies. The Service Control
105 Manager will start services as early as it can, and if you do not
106 properly declare its startup dependencies, it can potentially start
107 before the TCP/IP stack has been started. This is why you must
108 provide specify 'depend= Tcpip' to SC.EXE when creating the service.
111 Starting and Stopping the Service
112 ---------------------------------
114 You start and stop the service like any other Windows service. You
115 can use the command-line "net start <name>", use the GUI Services
122 Debugging a Windows service can be difficult, because the service runs
123 in a very different context than a user who is logged in. By default,
124 services run in a "null" desktop environment. They cannot interact
125 with the user (desktop) in any way, and vice versa.
127 Also, by default, services run as a special user, called LocalSystem.
128 LocalSystem is not a "user" in the normal sense; it is an NT security
129 ID (SID) that is sort of like root, but different. LocalSystem
130 typically does NOT have access to any network shares, even if you use
131 "net use" to connect to a remote file server. Again, this is because
132 services run in a different login session.
134 Depending on which OS you are running, you may have difficulty
135 attaching a debugger to a running service process. Also, if you are
136 having trouble *starting* a service, then you can't attach to the
137 process early enough to debug it.
139 So what's a developer to do? Well, there are several ways you can
140 debug services. First, you'll want to enable "interactive" access for
141 the service. This allows the service to interact with the local
142 desktop -- you'll be able to see the command shell that the service
143 runs in, see console output, etc. To do this, you can either use the
144 standard Windows Services tool (services.msc), or you can do it using
147 * With the GUI tool, open the properties page for a service, and go
148 to the "Log On" page. Select "Local System account", and make
149 sure the "Allow service to interact with desktop" box is checked.
151 * With SC.EXE, configure the service using the command:
153 sc <name> config type= own type= interact
155 Yes, you must specify type= twice, and with exactly the spacing
158 In both cases, you'll need to restart the service. When you do, if
159 the service started successfully, you'll see the console window of the
160 service. By default, it doesn't print anything out.
162 Next, you'll want to attach a debugger, or configure the service to
163 start under a debugger. Attaching a debugger should be
164 straightforward -- just find the process ID. But if you need to debug
165 something in the service startup path, you'll need to have a debugger
166 attached from the very beginning. There are two ways to do this.
168 In the first method, you alter the command-line of the service (called
169 the "binary path"). To do this, use SC.EXE to set the binary path to
170 whatever debugger you are going to use. I use the most recent version
171 of WinDbg, which is excellent, and is available at:
173 http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/installx86.mspx
175 For example, this command would configure the service to start under a
178 sc config <name> binpath= "d:\dbg\windbg.exe -g -G d:\svn\bin\svnserve.exe
179 --root d:\path\root --listen-port 9000"
182 The entire command must be on a single line, of course, and the binary
183 path must be in double-quotes. Also, the spacing MUST be: binpath= "..."
185 Substitute whatever debugger you want, with whatever command-line you
186 want, in place of windbg.exe. Then start the service (sc start
187 <name>), and the Service Control Manager should execute the
188 command-line you provided as the binary path. Then your debugger
189 should start, and should launch the svnserve process.
195 * No management tool (installer, etc.). For the first version, this
196 is intentional; we just want to get the service functionality tested
197 and committed before dealing with installation.
199 * Right now, I don't know of a way to cleanly stop the svnserve
200 process. Instead, the implementation closes the listen socket,
201 which causes the main loop to exit. This isn't as bad as it sounds,
202 and is a LOT better than other options (such as terminating a
209 * The support for running svnserve as a Windows service is complete,
210 but there is still more work to be done for installing and managing