1 [This documentation is rather crufty at the moment.]
3 MEMDISK is meant to allow booting legacy operating systems via PXE,
4 and as a workaround for BIOSes where ISOLINUX image support doesn't
7 MEMDISK simulates a disk by claiming a chunk of high memory for the
8 disk and a (very small - 2K typical) chunk of low (DOS) memory for the
9 driver itself, then hooking the INT 13h (disk driver) and INT 15h
10 (memory query) BIOS interrupts.
12 To use it, type on the SYSLINUX command line:
14 memdisk initrd=diskimg.img
16 ... where diskimg.img is the disk image you want to boot from.
18 [Obviously, the memdisk binary as well as your disk image file need to
19 be present in the boot image directory.]
21 ... or add to your syslinux.cfg/pxelinux.cfg/isolinux.cfg something like:
25 append initrd=dosboot.img
29 a) The disk image can be uncompressed or compressed with gzip or zip.
31 b) If the disk image is one of the following sizes, it's assumed to be a
34 368,640 bytes - 360K floppy
35 737,280 bytes - 720K floppy
36 1,222,800 bytes - 1200K floppy
37 1,474,560 bytes - 1440K floppy
38 1,720,320 bytes - 1680K floppy (common extended format)
39 1,763,328 bytes - 1722K floppy (common extended format)
40 2,949,120 bytes - 2880K floppy
41 3,932,160 bytes - 3840K floppy (extended format)
43 For any other size, the image is assumed to be a hard disk image,
44 and should typically have an MBR and a partition table. It may
45 optionally have a DOSEMU geometry header; in which case the header
46 is used to determine the C/H/S geometry of the disk. Otherwise,
47 the geometry is determined by examining the partition table, so the
48 entire image should be partitioned for proper operation (it may be
49 divided between multiple partitions, however.)
51 You can also specify the geometry manually with the following command
54 c=# Specify number of cylinders (max 1024[*])
55 h=# Specify number of heads (max 256[*])
56 s=# Specify number of sectors (max 63)
57 floppy[=#] The image is a floppy image[**]
58 harddisk[=#] The image is a hard disk image[**]
60 # represents a decimal number.
62 [*] MS-DOS only allows max 255 heads, and only allows 255 cylinders
65 [**] Normally MEMDISK emulates the first floppy or hard disk. This
66 can be overridden by specifying an index, e.g. floppy=1 will
67 simulate fd1 (B:). This may not work on all operating systems
70 c) The disk is normally writable (although, of course, there is
71 nothing backing it up, so it only lasts until reset.) If you want,
72 you can mimic a write-protected disk by specifying the command line
77 d) MEMDISK normally uses the BIOS "INT 15h mover" API to access high
78 memory. This is well-behaved with extended memory managers which load
79 later. Unfortunately it appears that the "DOS boot disk" from
80 WinME/XP *deliberately* crash the system when this API is invoked.
81 The following command-line options tells MEMDISK to enter protected
82 mode directly, whenever possible:
84 raw Use raw access to protected mode memory.
86 bigraw Use raw access to protected mode memory, and leave the
87 CPU in "big real" mode afterwards.
89 safeint Use INT 15h access to protected memory, but invoke
90 INT 15h the way it was *before* MEMDISK was loaded.
93 Some interesting things to note:
95 If you're using MEMDISK to boot DOS from a CD-ROM (using ISOLINUX),
96 you might find the generic El Torito CD-ROM driver by Gary Tong and
97 Bart Lagerweij useful:
99 http://www.nu2.nu/eltorito/
102 Similarly, if you're booting DOS over the network using PXELINUX, you
103 can use the "keeppxe" option and use the generic PXE (UNDI) NDIS
104 network driver, which is part of the PROBOOT.EXE distribution from
107 http://www.intel.com/support/network/adapter/1000/software.htm
110 Additional technical information:
112 Starting with version 2.08, MEMDISK now supports an installation check
113 API. This works as follows:
115 EAX = 454D08xxh ("ME") (08h = parameter query)
116 ECX = 444Dxxxxh ("MD")
117 EDX = 5349xxnnh ("IS") (nn = drive #)
118 EBX = 3F4Bxxxxh ("K?")
121 If drive nn is a MEMDISK, the registers will contain:
123 EAX = 4D21xxxxh ("!M")
124 ECX = 4D45xxxxh ("EM")
125 EDX = 4944xxxxh ("DI")
126 EBX = 4B53xxxxh ("SK")
128 ES:DI -> MEMDISK info structures
130 The low parts of EAX/ECX/EDX/EBX have the normal return values for INT
131 13h, AH=08h, i.e. information of the disk geometry etc.
133 See Ralf Brown's interrupt list,
134 http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/ralf/pub/WWW/files.html or
135 http://www.ctyme.com/rbrown.htm, for a detailed description.
137 The MEMDISK info structure currently contains:
139 [ES:DI] word Total size of structure (currently 27 bytes)
140 [ES:DI+2] byte MEMDISK minor version
141 [ES:DI+3] byte MEMDISK major version
142 [ES:DI+4] dword Pointer to MEMDISK data in high memory
143 [ES:DI+8] dword Size of MEMDISK data in 512-byte sectors
144 [ES:DI+12] 16:16 Far pointer to command line
145 [ES:DI+16] 16:16 Old INT 13h pointer
146 [ES:DI+20] 16:16 Old INT 15h pointer
147 [ES:DI+24] word Amount of DOS memory before MEMDISK loaded
148 [ES:DI+26] byte Boot loader ID
150 MEMDISK 3.00 and higher has the size of this structure as 27; earlier
151 versions had size 26 and did not include the boot loader ID.
153 In addition, the following fields are available at [ES:0]:
155 [ES:0] word Offset of INT 13h routine (segment == ES)
156 [ES:2] word Offset of INT 15h routine (segment == ES)
158 The program mdiskchk.c in the sample directory is an example on how
159 this API can be used.
161 The following code can be used to "disable" MEMDISK. Note that it
162 does not free the handler in DOS memory, and that running this from
163 DOS will probably crash your machine (DOS doesn't like drives
164 suddenly disappearing from underneath):
187 mov bx,[es:0] ; INT 13h handler offset
188 mov eax,[es:di+16] ; Old INT 13h handler
189 mov byte [es:bx], 0EAh ; FAR JMP
192 mov bx,[es:2] ; INT 15h handler offset
193 mov eax,[es:di+20] ; Old INT 15h handler
194 mov byte [es:bx], 0EAh ; FAR JMP