1 [This documentation is rather crufty at the moment.]
3 MEMDISK is meant to allow booting legacy operating systems via PXE,
4 and as a workaround for BIOSes where ISOLINUX image support doesn't
7 MEMDISK simulates a disk by claiming a chunk of high memory for the
8 disk and a (very small - 2K typical) chunk of low (DOS) memory for the
9 driver itself, then hooking the INT 13h (disk driver) and INT 15h
10 (memory query) BIOS interrupts.
12 To use it, type on the SYSLINUX command line:
14 memdisk initrd=diskimg.img
16 ... where diskimg.img is the disk image you want to boot from.
18 [Obviously, the memdisk binary as well as your disk image file need to
19 be present in the boot image directory.]
21 ... or add to your syslinux.cfg/pxelinux.cfg/isolinux.cfg something like:
25 append initrd=dosboot.img
29 a) The disk image can be uncompressed or compressed with gzip or zip.
31 b) If the disk image is one of the following sizes, it's assumed to be a
34 368,640 bytes - 360K floppy
35 737,280 bytes - 720K floppy
36 1,222,800 bytes - 1200K floppy
37 1,474,560 bytes - 1440K floppy
38 1,720,320 bytes - 1680K floppy (common extended format)
39 1,763,328 bytes - 1722K floppy (common extended format)
40 2,949,120 bytes - 2880K floppy
41 3,932,160 bytes - 3840K floppy (extended format)
43 For any other size, the image is assumed to be a hard disk image,
44 and should typically have an MBR and a partition table. It may
45 optionally have a DOSEMU geometry header; in which case the header
46 is used to determine the C/H/S geometry of the disk. Otherwise,
47 the geometry is determined by examining the partition table, so the
48 entire image should be partitioned for proper operation (it may be
49 divided between multiple partitions, however.)
51 You can also specify the geometry manually with the following command
54 c=# Specify number of cylinders (max 1024[*])
55 h=# Specify number of heads (max 256[*])
56 s=# Specify number of sectors (max 63)
57 floppy[=#] The image is a floppy image[**]
58 harddisk[=#] The image is a hard disk image[**]
60 # represents a decimal number.
62 [*] MS-DOS only allows max 255 heads, and only allows 255 cylinders
65 [**] Normally MEMDISK emulates the first floppy or hard disk. This
66 can be overridden by specifying an index, e.g. floppy=1 will
67 simulate fd1 (B:). This may not work on all operating systems
70 c) The disk is normally writable (although, of course, there is
71 nothing backing it up, so it only lasts until reset.) If you want,
72 you can mimic a write-protected disk by specifying the command line
77 d) MEMDISK normally uses the BIOS "INT 15h mover" API to access high
78 memory. This is well-behaved with extended memory managers which load
79 later. Unfortunately it appears that the "DOS boot disk" from
80 WinME/XP *deliberately* crash the system when this API is invoked.
81 The following command-line options tells MEMDISK to enter protected
82 mode directly, whenever possible:
84 raw Use raw access to protected mode memory.
86 bigraw Use raw access to protected mode memory, and leave the
87 CPU in "big real" mode afterwards.
89 safeint Use INT 15h access to protected memory, but invoke
90 INT 15h the way it was *before* MEMDISK was loaded.
92 e) MEMDISK by default supports EDD/EBIOS on hard disks, but not on
93 floppy disks. This can be controlled with the options:
96 noedd Disable EDD/EBIOS
99 Some interesting things to note:
101 If you're using MEMDISK to boot DOS from a CD-ROM (using ISOLINUX),
102 you might find the generic El Torito CD-ROM driver by Gary Tong and
103 Bart Lagerweij useful:
105 http://www.nu2.nu/eltorito/
108 Similarly, if you're booting DOS over the network using PXELINUX, you
109 can use the "keeppxe" option and use the generic PXE (UNDI) NDIS
110 network driver, which is part of the PROBOOT.EXE distribution from
113 http://www.intel.com/support/network/adapter/1000/software.htm
116 Additional technical information:
118 Starting with version 2.08, MEMDISK now supports an installation check
119 API. This works as follows:
121 EAX = 454D08xxh ("ME") (08h = parameter query)
122 ECX = 444Dxxxxh ("MD")
123 EDX = 5349xxnnh ("IS") (nn = drive #)
124 EBX = 3F4Bxxxxh ("K?")
127 If drive nn is a MEMDISK, the registers will contain:
129 EAX = 4D21xxxxh ("!M")
130 ECX = 4D45xxxxh ("EM")
131 EDX = 4944xxxxh ("DI")
132 EBX = 4B53xxxxh ("SK")
134 ES:DI -> MEMDISK info structures
136 The low parts of EAX/ECX/EDX/EBX have the normal return values for INT
137 13h, AH=08h, i.e. information of the disk geometry etc.
139 See Ralf Brown's interrupt list,
140 http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/ralf/pub/WWW/files.html or
141 http://www.ctyme.com/rbrown.htm, for a detailed description.
143 The MEMDISK info structure currently contains:
145 [ES:DI] word Total size of structure (currently 28 bytes)
146 [ES:DI+2] byte MEMDISK minor version
147 [ES:DI+3] byte MEMDISK major version
148 [ES:DI+4] dword Pointer to MEMDISK data in high memory
149 [ES:DI+8] dword Size of MEMDISK data in 512-byte sectors
150 [ES:DI+12] 16:16 Far pointer to command line
151 [ES:DI+16] 16:16 Old INT 13h pointer
152 [ES:DI+20] 16:16 Old INT 15h pointer
153 [ES:DI+24] word Amount of DOS memory before MEMDISK loaded
154 [ES:DI+26] byte Boot loader ID
156 MEMDISK 3.00 and higher has the size of this structure as 27; earlier
157 versions had size 26 and did not include the boot loader ID.
159 In addition, the following fields are available at [ES:0]:
161 [ES:0] word Offset of INT 13h routine (segment == ES)
162 [ES:2] word Offset of INT 15h routine (segment == ES)
164 The program mdiskchk.c in the sample directory is an example on how
165 this API can be used.
167 The following code can be used to "disable" MEMDISK. Note that it
168 does not free the handler in DOS memory, and that running this from
169 DOS will probably crash your machine (DOS doesn't like drives
170 suddenly disappearing from underneath):
193 mov bx,[es:0] ; INT 13h handler offset
194 mov eax,[es:di+16] ; Old INT 13h handler
195 mov byte [es:bx], 0EAh ; FAR JMP
198 mov bx,[es:2] ; INT 15h handler offset
199 mov eax,[es:di+20] ; Old INT 15h handler
200 mov byte [es:bx], 0EAh ; FAR JMP