1 <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
4 <!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
6 <refentry id="systemd-dissect" conditional='HAVE_BLKID'
7 xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
10 <title>systemd-dissect</title>
11 <productname>systemd</productname>
15 <refentrytitle>systemd-dissect</refentrytitle>
16 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
20 <refname>systemd-dissect</refname>
21 <refname>mount.ddi</refname>
22 <refpurpose>Dissect Discoverable Disk Images (DDIs)</refpurpose>
27 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg>
30 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>--mount</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>PATH</replaceable></arg>
33 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>--umount</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>PATH</replaceable></arg>
36 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>--attach</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg>
39 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>--detach</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>PATH</replaceable></arg>
42 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>--list</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg>
45 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>--mtree</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg>
48 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>--with</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg>
51 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>--copy-from</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>PATH</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>TARGET</replaceable></arg>
54 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>--copy-to</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>SOURCE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>PATH</replaceable></arg>
57 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>--make-archive</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>TARGET</replaceable></arg>
60 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>--discover</arg>
63 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>--validate</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg>
66 <command>systemd-dissect</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>--shift</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>UIDBASE</replaceable></arg>
71 <title>Description</title>
73 <para><command>systemd-dissect</command> is a tool for introspecting and interacting with file system OS
74 disk images, specifically Discoverable Disk Images (DDIs). It supports four different operations:</para>
77 <listitem><para>Show general OS image information, including the image's
78 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> data,
79 machine ID, partition information and more.</para></listitem>
81 <listitem><para>Mount an OS image to a local directory. In this mode it will dissect the OS image and
82 mount the included partitions according to their designation onto a directory and possibly
83 sub-directories.</para></listitem>
85 <listitem><para>Unmount an OS image from a local directory. In this mode it will recursively unmount
86 the mounted partitions and remove the underlying loop device, including all the partition sub-devices.
89 <listitem><para>Copy files and directories in and out of an OS image.</para></listitem>
92 <para>The tool may operate on three types of OS images:</para>
95 <listitem><para>OS disk images containing a GPT partition table envelope, with partitions marked
96 according to the <ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions
97 Specification</ulink>.</para></listitem>
99 <listitem><para>OS disk images containing just a plain file-system without an enveloping partition
100 table. (This file system is assumed to be the root file system of the OS.)</para></listitem>
102 <listitem><para>OS disk images containing a GPT or MBR partition table, with a single
103 partition only. (This partition is assumed to contain the root file system of the OS.)</para></listitem>
106 <para>OS images may use any kind of Linux-supported file systems. In addition they may make use of LUKS
107 disk encryption, and contain Verity integrity information. Note that qualifying OS images may be booted
108 with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
109 <option>--image=</option> switch, and be used as root file system for system service using the
110 <varname>RootImage=</varname> unit file setting, see
111 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
113 <para>Note that the partition table shown when invoked without command switch (as listed below) does not
114 necessarily show all partitions included in the image, but just the partitions that are understood and
115 considered part of an OS disk image. Specifically, partitions of unknown types are ignored, as well as
116 duplicate partitions (i.e. more than one per partition type), as are root and <filename>/usr/</filename>
117 partitions of architectures not compatible with the local system. In other words: this tool will display
118 what it operates with when mounting the image. To display the complete list of partitions use a tool such
120 project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
122 <para>The <command>systemd-dissect</command> command may be invoked as <command>mount.ddi</command> in
123 which case it implements the <citerefentry
124 project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> "external
125 helper" interface. This ensures disk images compatible with <command>systemd-dissect</command> can be
126 mounted directly by <command>mount</command> and <citerefentry
127 project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For
128 details see below.</para>
130 <xi:include href="vpick.xml" xpointer="image"/>
134 <title>Commands</title>
136 <para>If neither of the command switches listed below are passed the specified disk image is opened and
137 general information about the image and the contained partitions and their use is shown.</para>
141 <term><option>--mount</option></term>
142 <term><option>-m</option></term>
144 <listitem><para>Mount the specified OS image to the specified directory. This will dissect the image,
145 determine the OS root file system — as well as possibly other partitions — and mount them to the
146 specified directory. If the OS image contains multiple partitions marked with the <ulink
147 url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions Specification</ulink>
148 multiple nested mounts are established. This command expects two arguments: a path to an image file
149 and a path to a directory where to mount the image.</para>
151 <para>To unmount an OS image mounted like this use the <option>--umount</option> operation.</para>
153 <para>When the OS image contains LUKS encrypted or Verity integrity protected file systems
154 appropriate volumes are automatically set up and marked for automatic disassembly when the image is
157 <para>The OS image may either be specified as path to an OS image stored in a regular file or may
158 refer to block device node (in the latter case, the block device must be the "whole" device, i.e. not
159 a partition device). (The other supported commands described here support this, too.)</para>
161 <para>All mounted file systems are checked with the appropriate <citerefentry
162 project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
163 implementation in automatic fixing mode, unless explicitly turned off (<option>--fsck=no</option>) or
164 read-only operation is requested (<option>--read-only</option>).</para>
166 <para>Note that this functionality is also available in <citerefentry
167 project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> via a
168 command such as <command>mount -t ddi myimage.raw targetdir/</command>, as well as in <citerefentry
169 project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For
170 details, see below.</para>
172 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
176 <term><option>-M</option></term>
178 <listitem><para>This is a shortcut for <option>--mount --mkdir</option>.</para>
180 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
184 <term><option>--umount</option></term>
185 <term><option>-u</option></term>
187 <listitem><para>Unmount an OS image from the specified directory. This command expects one argument:
188 a directory where an OS image was mounted.</para>
190 <para>All mounted partitions will be recursively unmounted, and the underlying loop device will be
191 removed, along with all its partition sub-devices.</para>
193 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem>
197 <term><option>-U</option></term>
199 <listitem><para>This is a shortcut for <option>--umount --rmdir</option>.</para>
201 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem>
205 <term><option>--attach</option></term>
207 <listitem><para>Attach the specified disk image to an automatically allocated loopback block device,
208 and print the path to the loopback block device to standard output. This is similar to an invocation
209 of <command>losetup --find --show</command>, but will validate the image as DDI before attaching, and
210 derive the correct sector size to use automatically. Moreover, it ensures the per-partition block
211 devices are created before returning. Takes a path to a disk image file.</para>
213 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
217 <term><option>--detach</option></term>
219 <listitem><para>Detach the specified disk image from a loopback block device. This undoes the effect
220 of <option>--attach</option> above. This expects either a path to a loopback block device as an
221 argument, or the path to the backing image file. In the latter case, it will automatically determine
222 the right device to detach.</para>
224 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
228 <term><option>--list</option></term>
229 <term><option>-l</option></term>
231 <listitem><para>Prints the paths of all the files and directories in the specified OS image or
232 directory to standard output.</para>
234 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v253"/></listitem>
238 <term><option>--mtree</option></term>
240 <listitem><para>Generates a BSD
241 <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>mtree</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
242 compatible file manifest of the specified disk image or directory. This is useful for comparing image
243 contents in detail, including inode information and other metadata. While the generated manifest will
244 contain detailed inode information, it currently excludes extended attributes, file system
245 capabilities, MAC labels,
246 <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
248 <citerefentry project='url'><refentrytitle url='https://btrfs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/btrfs-man5.html'>btrfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
249 subvolume information, and various other file metadata. File content information is shown via a
250 SHA256 digest. Additional fields might be added in future. Note that inode information such as link
251 counts, inode numbers and timestamps is excluded from the output on purpose, as it typically
252 complicates reproducibility.</para>
254 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v253"/></listitem>
258 <term><option>--with</option></term>
260 <listitem><para>Runs the specified command with the specified OS image mounted. This will mount the
261 image to a temporary directory, switch the current working directory to it, and invoke the specified
262 command line as child process. Once the process ends it will unmount the image again, and remove the
263 temporary directory. If no command is specified a shell is invoked. The image is mounted writable,
264 use <option>--read-only</option> to switch to read-only operation. The invoked process will have the
265 <varname>$SYSTEMD_DISSECT_ROOT</varname> environment variable set, containing the absolute path name
266 of the temporary mount point, i.e. the same directory that is set as the current working
267 directory. It will also have the <varname>$SYSTEMD_DISSECT_DEVICE</varname> environment variable set,
268 containing the absolute path name of the loop device the image was attached to.</para>
270 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v253"/></listitem>
274 <term><option>--copy-from</option></term>
275 <term><option>-x</option></term>
277 <listitem><para>Copies a file or directory from the specified OS image or directory into the
278 specified location on the host file system. Expects three arguments: a path to an image file or
279 directory, a source path (relative to the image's root directory) and a destination path (relative to
280 the current working directory, or an absolute path, both outside of the image). If the destination
281 path is omitted or specified as dash (<literal>-</literal>), the specified file is written to
282 standard output. If the source path in the image file system refers to a regular file it is copied to
283 the destination path. In this case, access mode, extended attributes and timestamps are copied as
284 well, but file ownership is not. If the source path in the image refers to a directory, it is copied
285 to the destination path, recursively with all containing files and directories, merging into existing
286 directories and updating already existing files. In this case, the file ownership is copied too.</para>
288 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
292 <term><option>--copy-to</option></term>
293 <term><option>-a</option></term>
295 <listitem><para>Copies a file or directory from the specified location in the host file system into
296 the specified OS image or directory. Expects three arguments: a path to an image file or directory, a
297 source path (relative to the current working directory, or an absolute path, both outside of the
298 image) and a destination path (relative to the image's root directory). If the source path is omitted
299 or specified as dash (<literal>-</literal>), the data to write is read from standard input. If the
300 source path in the host file system refers to a regular file, it is copied to the destination path.
301 In this case, access mode, extended attributes and timestamps are copied as well, but file ownership
302 is not. If the source path in the host file system refers to a directory it is copied to the
303 destination path, recursively with all containing files and directories, merging into existing
304 directories and updating already existing files.. In this case, the file ownership is copied too.</para>
306 <para>As with <option>--mount</option> file system checks are implicitly run before the copy
307 operation begins.</para>
309 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
313 <term><option>--make-archive</option></term>
315 <listitem><para>Generates an archive file from the specified disk image. Expects two arguments: the
316 path to the disk image and optionally the output archive file path. If the latter is omitted the
317 archive is written to standard output. The archive file format is determined automatically from the
318 specified output archive file name, e.g. any path suffixed with <literal>.tar.xz</literal> will
319 result in an xz compressed UNIX tarball (if the path is omitted an uncompressed UNIX tarball is
321 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>libarchive</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> for a
322 list of supported archive formats and compression schemes.</para>
324 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
328 <term><option>--discover</option></term>
330 <listitem><para>Show a list of DDIs in well-known directories. This will show machine, portable
331 service and system/configuration extension disk images in the usual directories
332 <filename>/usr/lib/machines/</filename>, <filename>/usr/lib/portables/</filename>,
333 <filename>/usr/lib/confexts/</filename>, <filename>/var/lib/machines/</filename>,
334 <filename>/var/lib/portables/</filename>, <filename>/var/lib/extensions/</filename> and so
337 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v253"/></listitem>
341 <term><option>--validate</option></term>
343 <listitem><para>Validates the partition arrangement of a disk image (DDI), and ensures it matches the
344 image policy specified via <option>--image-policy=</option>, if one is specified. This parses the
345 partition table and probes the file systems in the image, but does not attempt to mount them (nor to
346 set up disk encryption/authentication via LUKS/Verity). It does this taking the configured image
347 dissection policy into account. Since this operation does not mount file systems, this command –
348 unlike all other commands implemented by this tool – requires no privileges other than the ability to
349 access the specified file. Prints "OK" and returns zero if the image appears to be in order and
350 matches the specified image dissection policy. Otherwise, prints an error message and returns
353 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
357 <term><option>--shift</option></term>
359 <listitem><para>Recursively iterates through all inodes of the specified image and shifts the UIDs
360 and GIDs the inodes are owned by into the specified UID range. Takes an image path and a UID base as
361 parameter. The UID base can be specified numerically (in which case it must be a multiple of 65536,
362 and either 0 or within the container or foreign UID range, as per <ulink
363 url="https://systemd.io/UIDS-GIDS/">Users, Groups, UIDs and GIDs on systemd Systems</ulink>), or as
364 the symbolic identifier <literal>foreign</literal> which is shorthand to the foreign UID base. This
365 command is useful for preparing directory container images for unprivileged use. Note that this
366 command is intended for images that use the 16bit UIDs/GIDs range only, and it always ignores the
367 upper 16bit of the current UID/GID ownership, combining the lower 16 bit with the target UID
370 <para>Use <command>systemd-dissect --shift /some/container/tree foreign</command> to shift a
371 container image into the foreign UID range, or <command>systemd-dissect --shift /some/container/tree
372 0</command> to shift it to host UID range.</para>
374 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v258"/></listitem>
377 <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
378 <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
384 <title>Options</title>
386 <para>The following options are understood:</para>
390 <term><option>--read-only</option></term>
391 <term><option>-r</option></term>
393 <listitem><para>Operate in read-only mode. By default, <option>--mount</option> will establish
394 writable mount points. If this option is specified they are established in read-only mode
397 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
401 <term><option>--fsck=no</option></term>
403 <listitem><para>Turn off automatic file system checking. By default, when an image is accessed for
404 writing (by <option>--mount</option> or <option>--copy-to</option>) the file systems contained in the
405 OS image are automatically checked using the appropriate <citerefentry
406 project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
407 command, in automatic fixing mode. This behavior may be switched off using
408 <option>--fsck=no</option>.</para>
410 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
414 <term><option>--growfs=no</option></term>
416 <listitem><para>Turn off automatic growing of accessed file systems to their partition size, if
417 marked for that in the GPT partition table. By default, when an image is accessed for writing (by
418 <option>--mount</option> or <option>--copy-to</option>) the file systems contained in the OS image
419 are automatically grown to their partition sizes, if bit 59 in the GPT partition flags is set for
420 partition types that are defined by the <ulink
421 url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions Specification</ulink>. This
422 behavior may be switched off using <option>--growfs=no</option>. File systems are grown automatically
423 on access if all of the following conditions are met:</para>
425 <listitem><para>The file system is mounted writable</para></listitem>
426 <listitem><para>The file system currently is smaller than the partition it is contained in (and thus can be grown)</para></listitem>
427 <listitem><para>The image contains a GPT partition table</para></listitem>
428 <listitem><para>The file system is stored on a partition defined by the Discoverable Partitions Specification</para></listitem>
429 <listitem><para>Bit 59 of the GPT partition flags for this partition is set, as per specification</para></listitem>
430 <listitem><para>The <option>--growfs=no</option> option is not passed.</para></listitem>
433 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/>
438 <term><option>--mkdir</option></term>
440 <listitem><para>If combined with <option>--mount</option> the directory to mount the OS image to is
441 created if it is missing. Note that the directory is not automatically removed when the disk image is
442 unmounted again.</para>
444 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
448 <term><option>--rmdir</option></term>
450 <listitem><para>If combined with <option>--umount</option> the specified directory where the OS image
451 is mounted is removed after unmounting the OS image.</para>
453 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem>
457 <term><option>--discard=</option></term>
459 <listitem><para>Takes one of <literal>disabled</literal>, <literal>loop</literal>,
460 <literal>all</literal>, <literal>crypto</literal>. If <literal>disabled</literal> the image is
461 accessed with empty block discarding turned off. If <literal>loop</literal> discarding is enabled if
462 operating on a regular file. If <literal>crypt</literal> discarding is enabled even on encrypted file
463 systems. If <literal>all</literal> discarding is unconditionally enabled.</para>
465 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
469 <term><option>--in-memory</option></term>
471 <listitem><para>If specified an in-memory copy of the specified disk image is used. This may be used
472 to operate with write-access on a (possibly read-only) image, without actually modifying the original
473 file. This may also be used in order to operate on a disk image without keeping the originating file
474 system busy, in order to allow it to be unmounted.</para>
476 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v253"/></listitem>
480 <term><option>--root-hash=</option></term>
481 <term><option>--root-hash-sig=</option></term>
482 <term><option>--verity-data=</option></term>
484 <listitem><para>Configure various aspects of Verity data integrity for the OS image. Option
485 <option>--root-hash=</option> specifies a hex-encoded top-level Verity hash to use for setting up the
486 Verity integrity protection. Option <option>--root-hash-sig=</option> specifies the path to a file
487 containing a PKCS#7 signature for the hash. This signature is passed to the kernel during activation,
488 which will match it against signature keys available in the kernel keyring. Option
489 <option>--verity-data=</option> specifies a path to a file with the Verity data to use for the OS
490 image, in case it is stored in a detached file. It is recommended to embed the Verity data directly
491 in the image, using the Verity mechanisms in the <ulink
492 url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions Specification</ulink>.
495 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
499 <term><option>--loop-ref=</option></term>
501 <listitem><para>Configures the "reference" string the kernel shall report as backing file for the
502 loopback block device. While this is supposed to be a path or filename referencing the backing file,
503 this is not enforced and the kernel accepts arbitrary free-form strings, chosen by the user. Accepts
504 arbitrary strings up to a length of 63 characters. This sets the kernel's
505 <literal>.lo_file_name</literal> field for the block device. Note this is distinct from the
506 <filename>/sys/class/block/loopX/loop/backing_file</filename> attribute file that always reports a
507 path referring to the actual backing file. The latter is subject to mount namespace translation, the
508 former is not.</para>
510 <para>This setting is particularly useful in combination with the <option>--attach</option> command,
511 as it allows later referencing the allocated loop device via
512 <filename>/dev/disk/by-loop-ref/…</filename> symlinks. Example: first, set up the loopback device
513 via <command>systemd-dissect attach --loop-ref=quux foo.raw</command>, and then reference it in a
514 command via the specified filename: <command>cfdisk /dev/disk/by-loop-ref/quux</command>.
517 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
521 <term><option>--mtree-hash=no</option></term>
523 <listitem><para>If combined with <option>--mtree</option>, turns off inclusion of file hashes in the
524 mtree output. This makes the <option>--mtree</option> faster when operating on large images.
527 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
531 <term><option>--system</option></term>
532 <term><option>--user</option></term>
534 <listitem><para>When used together with <option>--discover</option> controls whether to search for
535 images installed system-wide or in the user's directories in <varname>$HOME</varname>. If neither
536 switch is specified, will search within both scopes.</para>
538 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v258"/></listitem>
542 <term><option>--all</option></term>
544 <listitem><para>If combined with <option>--discover</option>, also shows images that start with a
545 dot, i.e. hidden images.</para>
547 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v258"/></listitem>
550 <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="image-policy-open" />
551 <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
552 <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-legend" />
553 <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="json" />
558 <title>Exit status</title>
560 <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise. If the <option>--with</option>
561 command is used the exit status of the invoked command is propagated.</para>
565 <title>Invocation as <command>/sbin/mount.ddi</command></title>
567 <para>The <command>systemd-dissect</command> executable may be symlinked to
568 <filename>/sbin/mount.ddi</filename>. If invoked through that it implements <citerefentry
569 project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
570 "external helper" interface for the (pseudo) file system type <literal>ddi</literal>. This means
571 conformant disk images may be mounted directly via</para>
573 <programlisting># mount -t ddi myimage.raw targetdir/</programlisting>
575 <para>in a fashion mostly equivalent to:</para>
577 <programlisting># systemd-dissect --mount myimage.raw targetdir/</programlisting>
579 <para>Note that since a single DDI may contain multiple file systems it should later be unmounted with
580 <command>umount -R targetdir/</command>, for recursive operation.</para>
582 <para>This functionality is particularly useful to mount DDIs automatically at boot via simple
583 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> entries. For example:</para>
585 <programlisting>/path/to/myimage.raw /images/myimage/ ddi defaults 0 0</programlisting>
587 <para>When invoked this way the mount options <literal>ro</literal>, <literal>rw</literal>,
588 <literal>discard</literal>, <literal>nodiscard</literal> map to the corresponding options listed above
589 (i.e. <option>--read-only</option>, <option>--discard=all</option>,
590 <option>--discard=disabled</option>). Mount options are <emphasis>not</emphasis> generically passed on to
591 the file systems inside the images.</para>
595 <title>Examples</title>
598 <title>Generate a tarball from an OS disk image (<option>--with</option>)</title>
600 <programlisting># systemd-dissect --with foo.raw tar cz . >foo.tar.gz</programlisting>
603 <para>or alternatively just:</para>
606 <title>Generate a tarball from an OS disk image (<option>--make-archive</option>)</title>
608 <programlisting># systemd-dissect --make-archive foo.raw foo.tar.gz</programlisting>
613 <title>See Also</title>
614 <para><simplelist type="inline">
615 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
616 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
617 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
618 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.v</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
619 <member><ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions Specification</ulink></member>
620 <member><citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
621 <member><citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>umount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
622 <member><citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>