1 <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
4 <!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
6 <refentry id="os-release" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
8 <title>os-release</title>
9 <productname>systemd</productname>
13 <refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle>
14 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
18 <refname>os-release</refname>
19 <refname>initrd-release</refname>
20 <refname>extension-release</refname>
21 <refpurpose>Operating system identification</refpurpose>
25 <para><filename>/etc/os-release</filename></para>
26 <para><filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename></para>
27 <para><filename>/etc/initrd-release</filename></para>
28 <para><filename>/usr/lib/extension-release.d/extension-release.<replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></filename></para>
32 <title>Description</title>
34 <para>The <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> and
35 <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> files contain operating
36 system identification data.</para>
38 <para>The format of <filename>os-release</filename> is a newline-separated list of
39 environment-like shell-compatible variable assignments. It is possible to source the configuration from
40 Bourne shell scripts, however, beyond mere variable assignments, no shell features are supported (this
41 means variable expansion is explicitly not supported), allowing applications to read the file without
42 implementing a shell compatible execution engine. Variable assignment values must be enclosed in double
43 or single quotes if they include spaces, semicolons or other special characters outside of A–Z, a–z,
44 0–9. (Assignments that do not include these special characters may be enclosed in quotes too, but this is
45 optional.) Shell special characters ("$", quotes, backslash, backtick) must be escaped with backslashes,
46 following shell style. All strings should be in UTF-8 encoding, and non-printable characters should not
47 be used. Concatenation of multiple individually quoted strings is not supported. Lines beginning with "#"
48 are treated as comments. Blank lines are permitted and ignored.</para>
50 <para>The file <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> takes
51 precedence over <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>.
52 Applications should check for the former, and exclusively use its
53 data if it exists, and only fall back to
54 <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> if it is missing.
55 Applications should not read data from both files at the same
56 time. <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> is the recommended
57 place to store OS release information as part of vendor trees.
58 <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> should be a relative symlink
59 to <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>, to provide
60 compatibility with applications only looking at
61 <filename>/etc/</filename>. A relative symlink instead of an
62 absolute symlink is necessary to avoid breaking the link in a
63 chroot or initrd environment such as dracut.</para>
65 <para><filename>os-release</filename> contains data that is
66 defined by the operating system vendor and should generally not be
67 changed by the administrator.</para>
69 <para>As this file only encodes names and identifiers it should
70 not be localized.</para>
72 <para>The <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> and
73 <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> files might be symlinks
74 to other files, but it is important that the file is available
75 from earliest boot on, and hence must be located on the root file
78 <para><filename>os-release</filename> must not contain repeating keys. Nevertheless, readers should pick
79 the entries later in the file in case of repeats, similarly to how a shell sourcing the file would. A
80 reader may warn about repeating entries.</para>
82 <para>For a longer rationale for <filename>os-release</filename>
83 please refer to the <ulink
84 url="https://0pointer.de/blog/projects/os-release">Announcement of <filename>/etc/os-release</filename></ulink>.</para>
87 <title><filename>/etc/initrd-release</filename></title>
89 <para>In the <ulink url="https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/initrd.html">initrd</ulink>
91 <filename>/etc/initrd-release</filename> plays the same role as <filename>os-release</filename> in the
92 main system. Additionally, the presence of that file means that the system is in the initrd/exitrd phase.
93 <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> should be symlinked to <filename>/etc/initrd-release</filename>
94 (or vice versa), so programs that only look for <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> (as described
95 above) work correctly.</para>
97 <para>The rest of this document that talks about <filename>os-release</filename> should be understood
98 to apply to <filename>initrd-release</filename> too.</para>
102 <title><filename>/usr/lib/extension-release.d/extension-release.<replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></filename></title>
104 <para><filename>/usr/lib/extension-release.d/extension-release.<replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></filename>
105 plays the same role for extension images as <filename>os-release</filename> for the main system, and
106 follows the syntax and rules as described in the <ulink
107 url="https://systemd.io/PORTABLE_SERVICES">Portable Services</ulink> page. The purpose of this
108 file is to identify the extension and to allow the operating system to verify that the extension image
109 matches the base OS. This is typically implemented by checking that the <varname>ID=</varname> options
110 match, and either <varname>SYSEXT_LEVEL=</varname> exists and matches too, or if it is not present,
111 <varname>VERSION_ID=</varname> exists and matches. This ensures ABI/API compatibility between the
112 layers and prevents merging of an incompatible image in an overlay.</para>
114 <para>In order to identify the extension image itself, the same fields defined below can be added to the
115 <filename>extension-release</filename> file with a <varname>SYSEXT_</varname> prefix (to disambiguate
116 from fields used to match on the base image). E.g.: <varname>SYSEXT_ID=myext</varname>,
117 <varname>SYSEXT_VERSION_ID=1.2.3</varname>.</para>
119 <para>In the <filename>extension-release.<replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></filename> filename, the
120 <replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable> part must exactly match the file name of the containing image with the
121 suffix removed. In case it is not possible to guarantee that an image file name is stable and doesn't
122 change between the build and the deployment phases, it is possible to relax this check: if exactly one
123 file whose name matches <literal><filename>extension-release.*</filename></literal> is present in this
124 directory, and the file is tagged with a <varname>user.extension-release.strict</varname>
125 <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>xattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> set to the
126 string <literal>0</literal>, it will be used instead.</para>
128 <para>The rest of this document that talks about <filename>os-release</filename> should be understood
129 to apply to <filename>extension-release</filename> too.</para>
134 <title>Options</title>
136 <para>The following OS identifications parameters may be set using
137 <filename>os-release</filename>:</para>
140 <title>General information identifying the operating system</title>
142 <variablelist class='environment-variables'>
144 <term><varname>NAME=</varname></term>
146 <listitem><para>A string identifying the operating system, without a version component, and
147 suitable for presentation to the user. If not set, a default of <literal>NAME=Linux</literal> may
150 <para>Examples: <literal>NAME=Fedora</literal>, <literal>NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"</literal>.
155 <term><varname>ID=</varname></term>
157 <listitem><para>A lower-case string (no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_"
158 and "-") identifying the operating system, excluding any version information and suitable for
159 processing by scripts or usage in generated filenames. If not set, a default of
160 <literal>ID=linux</literal> may be used. Note that even though this string may not include
161 characters that require shell quoting, quoting may nevertheless be used.</para>
163 <para>Examples: <literal>ID=fedora</literal>, <literal>ID=debian</literal>.</para></listitem>
167 <term><varname>ID_LIKE=</varname></term>
169 <listitem><para>A space-separated list of operating system identifiers in the same syntax as the
170 <varname>ID=</varname> setting. It should list identifiers of operating systems that are closely
171 related to the local operating system in regards to packaging and programming interfaces, for
172 example listing one or more OS identifiers the local OS is a derivative from. An OS should
173 generally only list other OS identifiers it itself is a derivative of, and not any OSes that are
174 derived from it, though symmetric relationships are possible. Build scripts and similar should
175 check this variable if they need to identify the local operating system and the value of
176 <varname>ID=</varname> is not recognized. Operating systems should be listed in order of how
177 closely the local operating system relates to the listed ones, starting with the closest. This
178 field is optional.</para>
180 <para>Examples: for an operating system with <literal>ID=centos</literal>, an assignment of
181 <literal>ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"</literal> would be appropriate. For an operating system with
182 <literal>ID=ubuntu</literal>, an assignment of <literal>ID_LIKE=debian</literal> is appropriate.
187 <term><varname>PRETTY_NAME=</varname></term>
189 <listitem><para>A pretty operating system name in a format suitable for presentation to the
190 user. May or may not contain a release code name or OS version of some kind, as suitable. If not
191 set, a default of <literal>PRETTY_NAME="Linux"</literal> may be used</para>
193 <para>Example: <literal>PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 17 (Beefy Miracle)"</literal>.</para></listitem>
197 <term><varname>CPE_NAME=</varname></term>
199 <listitem><para>A CPE name for the operating system, in URI binding syntax, following the <ulink
200 url="http://scap.nist.gov/specifications/cpe/">Common Platform Enumeration Specification</ulink> as
201 proposed by the NIST. This field is optional.</para>
203 <para>Example: <literal>CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:17"</literal></para></listitem>
207 <term><varname>VARIANT=</varname></term>
209 <listitem><para>A string identifying a specific variant or edition of the operating system suitable
210 for presentation to the user. This field may be used to inform the user that the configuration of
211 this system is subject to a specific divergent set of rules or default configuration settings. This
212 field is optional and may not be implemented on all systems.</para>
214 <para>Examples: <literal>VARIANT="Server Edition"</literal>, <literal>VARIANT="Smart Refrigerator
215 Edition"</literal>.</para>
217 <para>Note: this field is for display purposes only. The <varname>VARIANT_ID</varname> field should
218 be used for making programmatic decisions.</para>
220 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v220"/></listitem>
224 <term><varname>VARIANT_ID=</varname></term>
226 <listitem><para>A lower-case string (no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_" and
227 "-"), identifying a specific variant or edition of the operating system. This may be interpreted by
228 other packages in order to determine a divergent default configuration. This field is optional and
229 may not be implemented on all systems.</para>
231 <para>Examples: <literal>VARIANT_ID=server</literal>, <literal>VARIANT_ID=embedded</literal>.
234 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v220"/></listitem>
240 <title>Information about the version of the operating system</title>
242 <variablelist class='environment-variables'>
244 <term><varname>VERSION=</varname></term>
246 <listitem><para>A string identifying the operating system version, excluding any OS name
247 information, possibly including a release code name, and suitable for presentation to the
248 user. This field is optional.</para>
250 <para>Examples: <literal>VERSION=17</literal>, <literal>VERSION="17 (Beefy Miracle)"</literal>.
255 <term><varname>VERSION_ID=</varname></term>
257 <listitem><para>A lower-case string (mostly numeric, no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9,
258 a–z, ".", "_" and "-") identifying the operating system version, excluding any OS name information
259 or release code name, and suitable for processing by scripts or usage in generated filenames. This
260 field is optional.</para>
262 <para>Examples: <literal>VERSION_ID=17</literal>, <literal>VERSION_ID=11.04</literal>.
267 <term><varname>VERSION_CODENAME=</varname></term>
269 <listitem><para>A lower-case string (no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_"
270 and "-") identifying the operating system release code name, excluding any OS name information or
271 release version, and suitable for processing by scripts or usage in generated filenames. This field
272 is optional and may not be implemented on all systems.</para>
274 <para>Examples: <literal>VERSION_CODENAME=buster</literal>,
275 <literal>VERSION_CODENAME=xenial</literal>.</para>
277 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v231"/></listitem>
281 <term><varname>BUILD_ID=</varname></term>
283 <listitem><para>A string uniquely identifying the system image originally used as the installation
284 base. In most cases, <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> or
285 <varname>IMAGE_ID</varname>+<varname>IMAGE_VERSION</varname> are updated when the entire system
286 image is replaced during an update. <varname>BUILD_ID</varname> may be used in distributions where
287 the original installation image version is important: <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> would change
288 during incremental system updates, but <varname>BUILD_ID</varname> would not. This field is
291 <para>Examples: <literal>BUILD_ID="2013-03-20.3"</literal>, <literal>BUILD_ID=201303203</literal>.
294 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v200"/></listitem>
298 <term><varname>IMAGE_ID=</varname></term>
300 <listitem><para> A lower-case string (no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_"
301 and "-"), identifying a specific image of the operating system. This is supposed to be used for
302 environments where OS images are prepared, built, shipped and updated as comprehensive, consistent
303 OS images. This field is optional and may not be implemented on all systems, in particularly not on
304 those that are not managed via images but put together and updated from individual packages and on
305 the local system.</para>
307 <para>Examples: <literal>IMAGE_ID=vendorx-cashier-system</literal>,
308 <literal>IMAGE_ID=netbook-image</literal>.</para>
310 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/></listitem>
314 <term><varname>IMAGE_VERSION=</varname></term>
316 <listitem><para>A lower-case string (mostly numeric, no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9,
317 a–z, ".", "_" and "-") identifying the OS image version. This is supposed to be used together with
318 <varname>IMAGE_ID</varname> described above, to discern different versions of the same image.
321 <para>Examples: <literal>IMAGE_VERSION=33</literal>, <literal>IMAGE_VERSION=47.1rc1</literal>.
324 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/></listitem>
328 <para>To summarize: if the image updates are built and shipped as comprehensive units,
329 <varname>IMAGE_ID</varname>+<varname>IMAGE_VERSION</varname> is the best fit. Otherwise, if updates
330 eventually completely replace previously installed contents, as in a typical binary distribution,
331 <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> should be used to identify major releases of the operating system.
332 <varname>BUILD_ID</varname> may be used instead or in addition to <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> when
333 the original system image version is important.</para>
337 <title>Presentation information and links</title>
339 <variablelist class='environment-variables'>
341 <term><varname>HOME_URL=</varname></term>
342 <term><varname>DOCUMENTATION_URL=</varname></term>
343 <term><varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname></term>
344 <term><varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname></term>
345 <term><varname>PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=</varname></term>
347 <listitem><para>Links to resources on the Internet related to the operating system.
348 <varname>HOME_URL=</varname> should refer to the homepage of the operating system, or alternatively
349 some homepage of the specific version of the operating system.
350 <varname>DOCUMENTATION_URL=</varname> should refer to the main documentation page for this
351 operating system. <varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname> should refer to the main support page for the
352 operating system, if there is any. This is primarily intended for operating systems which vendors
353 provide support for. <varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname> should refer to the main bug reporting page
354 for the operating system, if there is any. This is primarily intended for operating systems that
355 rely on community QA. <varname>PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=</varname> should refer to the main privacy
356 policy page for the operating system, if there is any. These settings are optional, and providing
357 only some of these settings is common. These URLs are intended to be exposed in "About this system"
358 UIs behind links with captions such as "About this Operating System", "Obtain Support", "Report a
359 Bug", or "Privacy Policy". The values should be in <ulink
360 url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">RFC3986 format</ulink>, and should be
361 <literal>http:</literal> or <literal>https:</literal> URLs, and possibly <literal>mailto:</literal>
362 or <literal>tel:</literal>. Only one URL shall be listed in each setting. If multiple resources
363 need to be referenced, it is recommended to provide an online landing page linking all available
366 <para>Examples: <literal>HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"</literal>,
367 <literal>BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"</literal>.</para></listitem>
371 <term><varname>SUPPORT_END=</varname></term>
373 <listitem><para>The date at which support for this version of the OS ends. (What exactly "lack of
374 support" means varies between vendors, but generally users should assume that updates, including
375 security fixes, will not be provided.) The value is a date in the ISO 8601 format
376 <literal>YYYY-MM-DD</literal>, and specifies the first day on which support <emphasis>is
377 not</emphasis> provided.</para>
379 <para>For example, <literal>SUPPORT_END=2001-01-01</literal> means that the system was supported
380 until the end of the last day of the previous millennium.</para>
382 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem>
386 <term><varname>LOGO=</varname></term>
388 <listitem><para>A string, specifying the name of an icon as defined by <ulink
389 url="https://standards.freedesktop.org/icon-theme-spec/latest">freedesktop.org Icon Theme
390 Specification</ulink>. This can be used by graphical applications to display an operating system's
391 or distributor's logo. This field is optional and may not necessarily be implemented on all
394 <para>Examples: <literal>LOGO=fedora-logo</literal>, <literal>LOGO=distributor-logo-opensuse</literal>
397 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v240"/></listitem>
401 <term><varname>ANSI_COLOR=</varname></term>
403 <listitem><para>A suggested presentation color when showing the OS name on the console. This should
404 be specified as string suitable for inclusion in the ESC [ m ANSI/ECMA-48 escape code for setting
405 graphical rendition. This field is optional.</para>
407 <para>Examples: <literal>ANSI_COLOR="0;31"</literal> for red, <literal>ANSI_COLOR="1;34"</literal>
408 for light blue, or <literal>ANSI_COLOR="0;38;2;60;110;180"</literal> for Fedora blue.
413 <term><varname>VENDOR_NAME=</varname></term>
415 <listitem><para>The name of the OS vendor. This is the name of the organization or company which
416 produces the OS. This field is optional.</para>
418 <para>This name is intended to be exposed in "About this system" UIs or software update UIs when
419 needed to distinguish the OS vendor from the OS itself. It is intended to be human readable.</para>
421 <para>Examples: <literal>VENDOR_NAME="Fedora Project"</literal> for Fedora Linux,
422 <literal>VENDOR_NAME="Canonical"</literal> for Ubuntu.</para>
424 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
428 <term><varname>VENDOR_URL=</varname></term>
430 <listitem><para>The homepage of the OS vendor. This field is optional. The
431 <varname>VENDOR_NAME=</varname> field should be set if this one is, although clients must be
432 robust against either field not being set.</para>
434 <para>The value should be in <ulink
435 url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">RFC3986 format</ulink>, and should be
436 <literal>http:</literal> or <literal>https:</literal> URLs. Only one URL shall be listed in the
439 <para>Examples: <literal>VENDOR_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"</literal>,
440 <literal>VENDOR_URL="https://canonical.com/"</literal>.</para>
442 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
448 <title>Distribution-level defaults and metadata</title>
450 <variablelist class='environment-variables'>
452 <term><varname>DEFAULT_HOSTNAME=</varname></term>
454 <listitem><para>A string specifying the hostname if
455 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> is not
456 present and no other configuration source specifies the hostname. Must be either a single DNS label
457 (a string composed of 7-bit ASCII lower-case characters and no spaces or dots, limited to the
458 format allowed for DNS domain name labels), or a sequence of such labels separated by single dots
459 that forms a valid DNS FQDN. The hostname must be at most 64 characters, which is a Linux
460 limitation (DNS allows longer names).</para>
462 <para>See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>org.freedesktop.hostname1</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
463 for a description of how
464 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hostnamed.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
465 determines the fallback hostname.</para>
467 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v248"/></listitem>
471 <term><varname>ARCHITECTURE=</varname></term>
472 <listitem><para>A string that specifies which CPU architecture the userspace binaries require.
473 The architecture identifiers are the same as for <varname>ConditionArchitecture=</varname>
474 described in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
475 The field is optional and should only be used when just single architecture is supported.
476 It may provide redundant information when used in a GPT partition with a GUID type that already
477 encodes the architecture. If this is not the case, the architecture should be specified in
478 e.g., an extension image, to prevent an incompatible host from loading it.
481 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem>
485 <term><varname>SYSEXT_LEVEL=</varname></term>
487 <listitem><para>A lower-case string (mostly numeric, no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9,
488 a–z, ".", "_" and "-") identifying the operating system extensions support level, to indicate which
489 extension images are supported. See <filename>/usr/lib/extension-release.d/extension-release.<replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></filename>,
490 <ulink url="https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/initrd.html">initrd</ulink> and
491 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysext</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
492 for more information.</para>
494 <para>Examples: <literal>SYSEXT_LEVEL=2</literal>, <literal>SYSEXT_LEVEL=15.14</literal>.
497 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v248"/></listitem>
501 <term><varname>CONFEXT_LEVEL=</varname></term>
503 <listitem><para>Semantically the same as <varname>SYSEXT_LEVEL=</varname> but for confext images.
504 See <filename>/etc/extension-release.d/extension-release.<replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></filename>
505 for more information.</para>
507 <para>Examples: <literal>CONFEXT_LEVEL=2</literal>, <literal>CONFEXT_LEVEL=15.14</literal>.
510 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
514 <term><varname>SYSEXT_SCOPE=</varname></term>
515 <listitem><para>Takes a space-separated list of one or more of the strings
516 <literal>system</literal>, <literal>initrd</literal> and <literal>portable</literal>. This field is
517 only supported in <filename>extension-release.d/</filename> files and indicates what environments
518 the system extension is applicable to: i.e. to regular systems, to initrds and exitrds, or to
519 portable service images. If not specified, <literal>SYSEXT_SCOPE=system portable</literal> is
520 implied, i.e. any system extension without this field is applicable to regular systems and to
521 portable service environments, but not to initrd/exitrd environments.</para>
523 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v250"/></listitem>
527 <term><varname>CONFEXT_SCOPE=</varname></term>
529 <listitem><para>Semantically the same as <varname>SYSEXT_SCOPE=</varname> but for confext images.</para>
531 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
535 <term><varname>PORTABLE_PREFIXES=</varname></term>
536 <listitem><para>Takes a space-separated list of one or more valid prefix match strings for the
537 <ulink url="https://systemd.io/PORTABLE_SERVICES">Portable Services</ulink> logic.
538 This field serves two purposes: it is informational, identifying portable service images as such
539 (and thus allowing them to be distinguished from other OS images, such as bootable system images).
540 It is also used when a portable service image is attached: the specified or implied portable
541 service prefix is checked against the list specified here, to enforce restrictions how images may
542 be attached to a system.</para>
544 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v250"/></listitem>
552 <para>If you are using this file to determine the OS or a specific version of it, use the
553 <varname>ID</varname> and <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> fields, possibly with
554 <varname>ID_LIKE</varname> as fallback for <varname>ID</varname>. When looking for an OS identification
555 string for presentation to the user use the <varname>PRETTY_NAME</varname> field.</para>
557 <para>Note that operating system vendors may choose not to provide version information, for example to
558 accommodate for rolling releases. In this case, <varname>VERSION</varname> and
559 <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> may be unset. Applications should not rely on these fields to be
562 <para>Operating system vendors may extend the file format and introduce new fields. It is highly
563 recommended to prefix new fields with an OS specific name in order to avoid name clashes. Applications
564 reading this file must ignore unknown fields.</para>
566 <para>Example: <literal>DEBIAN_BTS="debbugs://bugs.debian.org/"</literal>.</para>
568 <para>Container and sandbox runtime managers may make the host's identification data available to
569 applications by providing the host's <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> (if available, otherwise
570 <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> as a fallback) as
571 <filename>/run/host/os-release</filename>.</para>
576 <title>Examples</title>
579 <title><filename>os-release</filename> file for Fedora Workstation</title>
581 <programlisting>NAME=Fedora
582 VERSION="32 (Workstation Edition)"
585 PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 32 (Workstation Edition)"
586 ANSI_COLOR="0;38;2;60;110;180"
587 LOGO=fedora-logo-icon
588 CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:32"
589 HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"
590 DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/f32/system-administrators-guide/"
591 SUPPORT_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicating_and_getting_help"
592 BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"
593 REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Fedora"
594 REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=32
595 REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Fedora"
596 REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=32
597 PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:PrivacyPolicy"
598 VARIANT="Workstation Edition"
599 VARIANT_ID=workstation</programlisting>
603 <title><filename>extension-release</filename> file for an extension for Fedora Workstation 32</title>
605 <programlisting>ID=fedora
606 VERSION_ID=32</programlisting>
610 <title>Reading <filename>os-release</filename> in
611 <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></title>
613 <programlisting><xi:include href="check-os-release.sh" parse="text" /></programlisting>
617 <title>Reading <filename>os-release</filename> in
618 <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>python</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> (versions >= 3.10)</title>
620 <programlisting><xi:include href="check-os-release-simple.py" parse="text" /></programlisting>
622 <para>See docs for <ulink url="https://docs.python.org/3/library/platform.html#platform.freedesktop_os_release">
623 <function>platform.freedesktop_os_release</function></ulink> for more details.
628 <title>Reading <filename>os-release</filename> in
629 <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>python</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> (any version)</title>
631 <programlisting><xi:include href="check-os-release.py" parse="text" /></programlisting>
633 <para>Note that the above version that uses the built-in implementation is preferred
634 in most cases, and the open-coded version here is provided for reference.</para>
640 <title>See Also</title>
642 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
643 <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>lsb_release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
644 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
645 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
646 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>